What kinds of opera are there in Yongzhou

Yongzhou is an area with a relatively developed theater culture. Since the Ming Dynasty, theater performances began to appear in the territory. Since then, after a long period of development, formed a rich local characteristics of large-scale local theater - Qi opera. At the same time, in the territory of Yongzhou there are Zuoling flower-drum opera, Qiyang Xiaojiao, puppet theater and other local operas.

Qi opera

Qi opera originated in Qiyang, formerly known as "opera", "Qiyang opera", "Qiyang Banzi", "" Chunan opera ". Chunan theater" and so on. After the founding of New China, began to be called Qi opera.　In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi "Yiyang cavity" Meilian play was introduced into Qiyang, and Qiyang local language, music, rituals, customs, folklore, and gradually evolved into Qiyang opera high cavity. Later, Kun and Bomb Cavity were introduced successively, and became the three major voices of Qiyang Opera. During the years of Ming Jiajing, Qi opera had begun to take shape. Since then, it has gradually spread to southern Hunan, western Hunan, central Hunan, northern Guangdong, southern Gannan, western Fujian, Guangxi, and Qiandong, and has been called "Qiyang disciples all over the world". In the process of long-term circulation, resulting in repertoire, singing, face painting, costumes, should work, performance style differences, the formation of two major schools: Qiyang County, Yongzhou City as the center of the south of the Xiangnan Qi Opera is called Yonghe School, Shaoyang City as the center of the Xiangzhong, Xiangxi Qi Opera is called Baohe School.

Zuoling Flower Drum Opera

Zuoling Flower Drum Opera, used to be called Lanterns or Tunes, and there were two main artistic schools, Qiyang Flower Drum Lanterns and Daoxian Tunes Opera. Later, the two schools merged and became Zuling Flower Drum Opera.　Flower Drum Opera was introduced to Zuling around the time of the Qing Dynasty, more than 200 years ago. Qing dynasty qianlong, jiaqing years (1796-1820), zhulian by the Ming Zhai small knowledge: "flower-drum opera came thirty years, and the changes are repeated. Beginning of male, followed by female; Beginning of day, followed by night; Beginning of the countryside, followed by the city; Beginning of the prevalence of the village customs of farmers, followed by along the dude." The text summarizes the development and evolution of the Flower Drum Opera at that time. The traditional repertoire of Zuoling Flower Drum Opera has more than 150 plays, the contents of which mainly express the working people's production and labor, marriage and love, and other social life; the forms are diverse and the styles are different; the language is commonplace, the images are vivid, and it is rich in a strong sense of local flavor. Readings, songs and dances, voice, accompaniment, etc., are rich in local characteristics, for the popular area of the masses of people.

Qiyang ditty

Qiyang ditty is a kind of words and songs, words and songs combined, complete structure, melodious; said and sung, said and sung combination, to sing the main form of a local color is very strong folk music and art. Qiyang ditties are popular in all parts of Qiyang, especially in the towns of WuXi, XiaoJiaCun, WenMingPu, LijiaPing, YangJiaoTang, PanShi, GuanyinTan and other places for the prevalence of the town. It is extremely rich in songs, with about 300 songs. The more widely circulated ones are "Four Seasons Bloom", "October Bloom", "Three Cups of Wine", "Discussing School Money", "Picking Vegetable Moss", "Sending Gold Flowers", "Walking Tunes", "Staying in Langs at Five Nights", "Haunted at Five Nights", etc. The singing lyrics are folk songs. Its lyrics are folk songs, with the following sentence structures: one is a formal sentence, with seven words and four lines, or five words and four lines; the other is an informal sentence, consisting of short and long lines, with flexible and free lyrics, mostly in spoken language. But no matter which structure, its rhythm is very clear. The structure of the tune is mostly one paragraph, consisting of two phrases or four phrases for one paragraph. Among them, there are only singing without saying, there are singing and rhyming white combination, there seems to be a free-form small fast-panel style, there are individual by the A, B two-part body composition. Qiyang ditty singing form of small and flexible, generally for a person singing a person accompaniment, action is not big, mainly by facial expression; there are men and women two side song and dance, fun and active. Because Qiyang Xiaojiao has its own unique style, the 1982 Encyclopedia of China has listed it as a national song.

Puppetry

Puppetry originated in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties. In the Qiyang area, puppet shows were already performed in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Qing Jiaqing, Daoguang years, Qiyang puppet theater has been very popular, spread in the civilization store and Panjiabu area. To the Xianfeng years, the famous puppet troupe first Qiyang civilization store Li Tao'er family's "Renhe class". Republic of China period, Qiyang has semi-professional, professional puppet theater 108, more than 500 artists. Famous artists include Liu Guangkui, Wang Liansheng, Tang Yao, Liu Yusheng and others. After the founding of new China, Wang Liansheng and others were invited to Beijing to teach puppet art for more than two months. 1954, Qiyang "Renhe class" was taken over by Shaoyang Cultural Troupe, set up Shaoyang Puppet Troupe. 1956, Shaoyang Puppet Troupe and Changsha Shadow Troupe merged to set up Hunan Puppet and Shadow Art Troupe, which visited the USSR and Mongolia. 1958, it went to Beijing for performances. In 1958, the troupe went to Beijing, where Liu Yusheng played the Carp Spirit in the Fish Chase, and Mao Zedong took a photo with the actors after watching the performance. In December of the same year, the performance in Hankou was praised by Vice Premier Chen Yi and Prince Sihanouk of Cambodia, and was made into a movie by the Shanghai Fine Arts Film Studio. 1961 to the "Cultural Revolution", Qiyang County, founded a puppet troupe to receive 18 folk artists, youth apprenticeships for 7 people, "the Cultural Revolution" was destroyed. Cultural Revolution" was dissolved.