Introduction to the artistic techniques of landscape architecture

Introduction to the artistic techniques of landscape architecture

Introduction: One of the characteristics of China's gardening art is the integration of creativity and engineering skills, as well as the richness of gardening skills. To sum up, it includes the main scene and the auxiliary scene, the suppression and promotion of the scene, the opposition and obstacle scene, the clip-in and frame setting, the foreground and background, the overlooking and looking up scene, the real scene and the virtual scene, the indoor scene and the borrowing scene, and the seasonal landscaping. Come and have a look with me!

1. main scene and matching scene (auxiliary scene)

Gardening must have a main scenic spot and a secondary scenic spot. Tushan has a master, a second, a guest and a match. Landscape architecture should be clearly defined, and plant planting should also match the main tree and sub-tree. Handling the relationship between primary and secondary plays an important role. The methods to highlight the main scene are: the rise or fall of the main scene, the increase or increase of the main scene volume, the intersection of sight lines, the concentration of dynamic potential, the corresponding axis, the prominent color and the occupation of the center of gravity. The scenery plays a foil role to the main scene, and you can't pretend to be the master. It is the extension and supplement of the main scene in the garden landscape.

2. Restrain and promote the scenery

Traditional gardening has always had the practice of wanting to promote and restraining first. Obstacles, opposites and partitions are set at the entrance section to guide tourists through closed, semi-closed, open and alternating spaces, and then through the guidance of scenery, they will finally be suddenly enlightened and reach an open landscape garden space, such as Suzhou Lingering Garden. You can also use buildings, topography, plants and rockery platforms to set up a small space in the entrance area and gradually open it through circuitous passages to reach an open space, such as the population area of the Summer Palace in Beijing.

3. Real scenes and virtual scenes

Garden landscape or architectural landscape often forms the clarity and fuzziness of people's vision through the closeness of space and the degree of virtual reality, and creates rich visual feelings through the contrast, alternation and transition of virtual reality. For example, buildings and fences without doors and windows are real, and more doors and windows or open pavilions are empty; Dense plant communities are real, while sparse forests and grasslands are virtual; The cliff is real, and the running water is empty; The water column in the fountain is solid and the spray is empty; The mountains in the garden are real and the trees are empty; The scenery in the blue sky is real, and the scenery in the smoke is virtual, that is, the beauty of haze and the beauty of smoke, so the reality is relative. For example, there is a "misty cloud" scenic spot in Beihai, Beijing, and a "misty rain building" in chengde mountain resort, both of which are located in the mist and mist, creating hazy beauty.

4. Clip scenes and frame scenes

In front of people's sight, obstacles are set in a square frame sandwiched on the left and right sides. Rock canyons, tree trunks, doors and windows are often used to limit the scope of scenic spots, so as to achieve a far-reaching aesthetic feeling, and it is also a way to select local scenic spots to watch in the big environment.

5. Prospects and background

Any garden landscape space is composed of various landscape elements. In order to highlight a scene, the main scene is often properly concentrated, with building walls, rocks, forests or grasslands, water surface and sky as the background, and the main scene is set off by factors such as color, volume, texture and realism to highlight the landscape effect. Displaying different main scenes with different backgrounds in the flowing continuous space can produce clear landscape transformation effect. For example, the white sculpture, with dark green forest background, water surface and grassland as the background, is very easy to use; The bronze sculpture is based on the sky and the white building wall; A piece of Chun Mei or peach with a pine forest or bamboo forest as the background; A forest of red leaves is set against the background of gray nearby mountains and blue-purple distant mountains, both of which are used to highlight the prospects. In practice, the prospect may be different and multi-layered, but you can't pretend to be the master. These secondary prospects are often referred to as adding landscapes.

Step 6 look down and up

By changing the height of topographical buildings and changing the position of tourists' viewpoints, garden landscape will inevitably produce various visual effects of looking up or looking down. For example, building a canyon forces tourists to look up at the cliff and gain a sense of towering, while building a commanding height gives people a sense of flying, thus achieving the visual effect of seeing the big from the small and seeing the small from the large.

7. Indoor and borrowing scenery

Garden landscape space or architecture is called indoor landscape, and outdoor landscape is called outdoor landscape.

For example, the pavilion bridge across the water is not only a place for tourists to rest, but also an external viewing point, which plays a dual role in the internal and external landscape.

Garden landscape has a certain scope, and landscaping should also have a certain limit. The gardener is fully aware of the shortage of landscape, so he creates conditions, consciously leads tourists' eyes to the outside world, hunts for landscape information, and enriches the content of landscape appreciation with places. For example, the Summer Palace in Beijing, Yuquan Mountain in the west, and the shadows of the mountain towers have a panoramic view; Wuxi Jichang Garden borrowed Longguang Tower, and the reflection of the tower was incorporated into the garden. So the rule of borrowing scenery can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

8. Seasonal landscape

It is widely used in garden landscape design to create four-season landscape by using the changes of four seasons. Spring peach, Xia Lian, autumn chrysanthemum and winter plum show seasonal changes with flowers; Trees include spring willow, summer locust, Qiu Feng and cypress; Stalagmites are used in spring, lake rocks in summer, Huangshi in autumn and Xuan Shi in winter. For example, the four seasons rockery in Yangzhou Geyuan; West Lake landscaping has willows and warblers flying in spring, wind and lotus in Quyuan in summer, Pinghu autumn moon in autumn and broken bridges and snow in winter. Four Seasons Tour in Nanjing, Spring Tour in Meihua Mountain, Summer Tour in Liang Qingshan, Autumn Tour in Qixia Mountain and Winter Tour in Zhoushan. There are Xinghuagang, Xiaxiawan, Hongye Cen and Songbaipo. , famous for its landscaping in the big environment. Other landscaping techniques include smoke screen, scene separation, scene separation, scene introduction and scene guidance.

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