The historical background of the use of looms in China?

Loom, also known as spinning machine, loom, cotton spinning machine, etc., the initial loom is a shuttle loom, shuttleless loom technology since the 19th century on the research, since the 1950s gradually pushed to the international market. Since the 1970s, many new shuttleless looms have been put into the market. Shuttle loom to improve the fabric and improve the efficiency of the loom has achieved remarkable results, in countries around the world is widely used, and accelerate the process of transformation of weaving equipment, many developed countries shuttleless loom occupancy rate has reached about 80%, the emergence of a shuttleless loom update to replace the big trend of shuttle loom. Catalog mechanical development loom type machine composition working principle edit this section mechanical development loom, loom common name. The earliest loom was a seated loom (also called a waist loom). The method of use is to step on the loom with the foot warp sticks, the right hand holding the weft knife in the tightening of the weft, the left hand in the gesture of casting the weft lead. This foot stomping waist machine without a frame, one end of the rolled cloth shaft tied to the waist, feet stomping on the other end of the warp and tension fabric, with the warp stick will be divided into two layers of warp yarn according to the number of odd and even, with the heddle rod to lift the warp to form the mouth of the shuttle, to the bone needle to lead the weft, the weft knife to beat the weft. The most important achievement of waist loom weaving is the adoption of the old loom heald bar, warp-splitting stick and weft knives. This kind of loom is very simple, but it already has three directions of movement, such as opening the weaving mouth up and down, leading the weft left and right, and tightening the weft before and after, which is the ancestor of the modern loom.　People in the production practice of weaving, and gradually innovated and successfully created the foot pedal to mention the oblique loom. Its image, in the Han Dynasty portrait stone appeared many times. This kind of oblique loom already has a frame, the warp surface and the horizontal seat into fifty or sixty degrees of inclination, and the use of foot lifting the opening of the device. Weaving people can sit and operate, hands and feet, productivity than the original loom generally increased by more than 10 times, was then the world's most advanced loom.　In the process of the development of the textile industry, a variety of forms of shuttleless loom, rapier loom, piece shuttle loom, air jet loom, water jet loom, multi-phase loom, magnetic weft loom and so on. Compared with shuttle loom, shuttleless loom production of fabrics in terms of yield, quality, variety and so on have unparalleled advantages in most of the weaving field to replace the shuttle loom, the pace of this further accelerated, has been from the textile industry in the developed countries to expand to developing countries. From the international shuttleless loom technology development and textile industry demand, air jet loom high-speed, wide, series of faster progress, in addition to the large number of widely used in the cotton industry, in the color, jacquard and other fabrics are increasingly wide range of applications, and rapier loom varieties of adaptability, changes in the fabric varieties of color, weaving a wider range of aspects such as the advantages of the two types of looms to become the textile industry, the application of the largest number of two types of models. The two types of looms have become the most used in the textile industry. Edit this section of the type of loom China's weaving machinery product development is uneven, in which the development of circular weft and warp knitting machine faster, flat knitting machine, hosiery machine is relatively slow, hook knitting machine development faster. Domestic circular weft machine in the use of a large number of widely used basic products have been more complete, there are single-sided, double-sided circular weft machine, ribbing machine and artificial fur machine series. Single-sided circular weft machine with four needle road, terry (positive and negative package), lining, multi-functional single-sided machine.　Cylinder diameter in the past on the basis of the commonly used 30-inch development into a maximum of up to 38 ~ 40 inches, the number of machines from the fine gauge E28 development to E32 ~ E36; double-sided circular weft machine in the cotton wool machine, on the two under the four sections of the double-sided machine, jacquard double-sided machine, etc.; ribbed Rapier weaving machine has become a series of its own, the cotton wool machine and the ribbed machine can be realized by the conversion of each other; Electronic Jacquard weft circular weft machine has broken through, filling the gaps in China; Artificial fur machine has two kinds of wool strip feeding type and cut loop pile type, computerized jacquard artificial fur machine has been mass production supply.　According to the weaving of the weft method can be divided into two categories of shuttle looms and shuttleless looms. Shuttle loom is the use of traditional shuttle (wooden or plastic shuttle) to lead the weft of the loom. Shuttle volume, weight, was repeatedly projected back and forth, machine vibration, high noise, slow speed, low efficiency. Shuttleless looms have a variety of ways to draw in the weft, including rapier, jet (air jet, water jet), piece shuttle, multi-shuttle mouth (multi-phase) and weaving.　Rapier loom The rapier loom uses a rigid or flexible rapier head to hold and guide the weft yarn. Rapier loom in addition to suitable for weaving plain and grain fabrics, characterized by easy color change, suitable for multi-color weft fabrics, suitable for color weaving, double-layer velvet fabrics, terry fabrics and decorative fabrics production.　Air Jet Loom The air jet loom uses the compressed air jet to pull the weft yarn and bring the weft yarn through the shuttle mouth. Air jet loom is characterized by fast speed, high productivity, suitable for plain and textured fabrics, fine special high-density fabrics and the production of large quantities of fabrics.　Water jet loom Water jet loom utilizes water as the weft-inducing medium to produce friction traction on the weft yarns by jetting water, so that the weft yarns on the fixed cylinder are introduced into the shuttle. Water jet loom is characterized by high speed and high unit output, mainly suitable for the production of hydrophobic filament chemical fiber fabrics with smooth surface.　Sliced shuttle loom The sliced shuttle loom holds the weft yarns in a small sliced shuttle with clips and projects the weft. Piece shuttle loom has the advantages of stable weft introduction, excellent fabric quality and less weft return, etc. It is suitable for the production of multi-color weft fabrics, fine and thick fabrics as well as wide fabrics. Edit this section of the composition of the machine The composition of the loom 1, the opening mechanism: according to the fabric organization, the warp yarn up and down to form the mouth of the shuttle, for the introduction of the weft.　2, lead the weft mechanism: the weft yarn into the mouth of the shuttle.　3, playing the weft mechanism: the introduction of the weft yarn into the mouth of the weaving mouth, the formation of fabric.　4、Rolling mechanism: lead the woven fabric away from the fabric forming area and roll it into a certain roll.　5、Warp feeding mechanism: supply warp yarns according to the need of interweaving, and make the warp yarns have a certain tension.　6、Frame, starting, braking, transmission mechanism.　7、Protection device: prevent weaving defects, safe operation.　8、Automatic weft replenishing device: after the weft yarn is used up, it will replenish the weft automatically.　9、Multi-color weft supply device: supply different weft yarns alternately for interweaving without stopping.　Through the introduction of foreign advanced technology and self-development, the loom, in addition to the ordinary type, has a high-speed type, the highest speed of 2,000 rpm, with user-selectable P (terry) device, E (elastic silk) device or EP device, and there are also double-sided terry Trico warp knitting machine. Raschel warp knitting machine has a multi-comb pecten, jacquard jacquard, double needle bed, mesh warp knitting machine and other products, double needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine in the long plush type (can be knitted 16 ~ 30mm double fabric), short plush type (can be knitted 4 ~ 25mm double fabric), the width of the machine can be up to 110 ~ 1 piece of shuttle knitting machine 80 inches, the machine No. E16 ~ E20, the highest knitting speed up to 600 horizontal columns / min, the use of insertion needle Velvet-type double needle bed warp knitting machine for vertical velvet, velvet, flat velvet and spacer fabrics (without cutting width), machine width 84 to 136 inches, machine number E20 to E24, the highest knitting speed of 800 rows / min.　Weaving machine pattern can be infinite cycle, rapid change, machine width 150, 168 inches, machine number E14, E18, the highest weaving speed of 250 rows / min. Warp knitting machine with the supporting segments of the warping machine in addition to computer-controlled high-speed warping machine, has developed a computer real-time monitoring of high-speed warping machine, specializing in crochet machine warping machine has also been developed successfully. Flat knitting machine in the manual flat knitting machine by the independent development of the development of needle rest flat knitting machine, can produce a variety of shaping structure and three-dimensional forming fabrics, automatic knitting collar flat knitting machine has adopted microcomputer control, computerized automatic flat knitting machine and computerized automatic glove machine has been popularized the use of computerized flat knitting machine width of up to 60 inches. Edit the working principle of shuttleless loom *** with the basic characteristics of the weft rolls from the shuttle to separate, or only carry a small amount of weft to small and light weft drawer instead of large and heavy shuttle, for high-speed weft drawer provides favorable conditions. In the supply of weft yarns, and the direct use of cylinder rolls, through the weft storage device into the weft-inducing mechanism, so that the weaving machine to get rid of the frequent filling action.　The use of shuttleless loom for increasing the variety of fabrics, adjust the fabric structure, reduce fabric defects, improve fabric quality, reduce noise, improve labor conditions is of great significance. Shuttle loom speed is high, usually 4-8 times higher than the efficiency of shuttle loom, so a large area to promote the use of shuttleless loom, can greatly improve labor productivity.　As the structure of shuttleless loom is improving day by day, choose a wide range of materials, processing precision is getting higher and higher, coupled with the world's scientific and technological development, electronic technology, microelectronic control technology gradually replace the mechanical technology, shuttleless loom manufacturing is a combination of metallurgy, machinery, electronics, chemical industry and fluid power and other multi-disciplinary, set of electronic technology, computer technology, precision machinery technology and textile technology in one of the high-tech products.　Air-jet loom detects the total tension of warp yarn through tension sensor, and the CPU controls the opening, loosening, feeding, and the change of warp yarn tension that occurs due to the change of the winding diameter of the warp beam, so as to ensure the precision of feeding and keep the warp yarn at a constant tension. As the air-jet loom uses microcomputer technology and other electronic technology to control the movement of the whole machine, especially for the automatic monitoring of product quality, making the air-jet loom production efficiency greatly improved. But at the same time, the air jet loom on the electronic control system requirements are also increasingly high, not only to high performance, good stability, easy maintenance, low failure rate, but also to adapt to high temperature and high humidity, more feathers and dust environment, power supply fluctuations, group machine interference and other situations also have a strong anti-interference requirements.　Knitting machinery product development presents the following characteristics: 1. Computer control technology and electronic jacquard technology has been widely used in various types of knitting machinery products, in the round weft machine, flat machine, sock machine, artificial fur machine and warp knitting with the warping machine have been used to fill the gaps in this area for many years in China, the realization of electronic jacquard to improve the machine's technological level, so that some models to reach the twentieth century ninety-six international Advanced level. China's round weft machine, hosiery machine, flat knitting machine computer control system has been adopted for the host batch supporting.　2. Product variety specifications series of additions have been more complete and to the development of both ends, such as the maximum cylinder diameter of the circular weft machine up to 38, 40 inches, the machine number up to E36, warp knitting machine width up to 180 inches, the machine number up to E32, computerized flat knitting machine, the maximum specification of up to 60 inches, the machine number up to E18. 3. Enhanced machine versatility, multi-functional, such as single-face weft circular weft machine in the four-needle path, terry and lining weft machine can be converted to each other, one machine multi-purpose. Can be converted to each other, a multi-purpose machine; within a certain range, the same machine with different specifications of the cylinder can be exchanged to achieve a multi-specification use; mechanical jacquard and electronic jacquard machine can be converted and so on.