Literary Knowledge of the Analects of Confucius

1. Literary Knowledge of the Analects

The Analects is a collection of quotations by Confucius and his disciples, written by Confucius' disciples and re-transmitted disciples, and written in the early Warring States period.

The book ****20 492 chapters, mainly in the form of discourses, supplemented by narrative, mainly recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, more focused on the political ideas of Confucius, ethical thinking, moral concepts and principles of education, and so on. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "dismissed all schools of thought and honored Confucianism alone", the Analects has been honored as "the governing body of the Five Classics and the throat of the Six Arts", and it is the first-hand information for the study of Confucius and Confucianism, especially the original Confucianism.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined the University, the Meanwhile, the Analects, and the Mencius into the Four Books, increasing the status of the Confucian classics. In the Yuan Dynasty, during the reign of Yan You, the imperial examinations began to "four books" to open the section to get a scholar.

Since then, until the end of the Qing Dynasty to implement the foreign affairs movement, before the abolition of the imperial examinations, the Analects of Confucius has always been the golden rule of the scholars and scholars to promote the implementation of the Golden Rule.

Expanded:

Background of Composition The Analects is both a corpus of discourse and a number of fragmentary chapters ***.

The arrangement of these chapters does not necessarily make sense; nor is there necessarily any connection between the two chapters before and after.

Among the authors of the Analects were students of Confucius. The chapters of the Analects were written not only by different students of Confucius, but also by different of his re-disciples.

Many of these were written by students of Zeng Sen.

The main feature of the Analects is its concise language, far-reaching meaning, and a graceful and smooth style of subtlety and subtlety.

There is also a characterization in simple dialogues and actions. At the same time, the language is shallow and easy to understand, close to the spoken word, is also a feature.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Analects.

2. Literary knowledge of the Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius is a disciple of Confucius to record Confucius and his disciples, the question and answer of the people of the time and the remarks between the disciples of Confucius, its compiler should be Confucius and the door of the disciples and the re-transmission of the disciples, and the date of its completion can be determined for the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early years of the Warring States period. There were three different versions of The Analects of Confucius, namely, The Analects of Ancient Chinese, The Analects of Lu, and The Analects of Qi. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Yu, the Marquis of Anchang, first based his text on the Lu Lunyin, then on the Qi Lunyin, and combined them into the Zhang Hou Lun. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan made his Commentary on the Analects of Confucius from the Analects of Qi and the Analects of Ancient Chinese. Later generations of the Analects of Confucius were mostly based on this text. The commentaries on the Analects of Confucius are many, and some of the better commentaries are Wei He Yan's The Analects of Confucius, Liang Huang Kan's The Analects of Confucius, Song Xing Bing's The Analects of Confucius, Song Zhu Xi's The Analects of Confucius, and Qing Liu Baonan's The Justice of the Analects of Confucius. Nowadays, Yang Bojun has written "The Analects of Confucius", which is more suitable for beginners, and is also a good reference material for researchers.

The Analects of Confucius is not a strict work, but mainly aphorisms and small stories, which vividly and comprehensively record Confucius' learning, behavior, thinking and his personality image. Among them, Confucius and his disciples of teaching and learning questions and answers accounted for a large part, and these can best reflect the philosophical thinking of Confucius, such as its "benevolence", "etiquette", "music", "poetry", "poetry" and "philosophy". For example, Confucius' views on "benevolence", "rites", "music", "poetry", and "life and death".

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism, compiled by the disciples of Confucius and his successive disciples.

It is mainly written in the style of discourse and dialogues, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and focusing on Confucius's political ideas, reasoning, moral concepts and educational principles. With the University," "Meanwhile," "Mencius," "Poetry," "Shangshu," "Rites," "I Ching," "Spring and Autumn" and known as the "Four Books and Five Classics".

The popular book "The Analects" **** twenty. The Analects is a record of the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, *** twenty, written by the disciples and re-transmitted disciples of Confucius, is one of the ancient Confucian classics in China, is the first to create the body of quotations.

The exemplary nature of Chinese writing also originated here. The core of the political thought of Confucius, the founder of Confucianism (in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in opposition to Mohism), was "benevolence", "propriety", and "mediocrity". ". The Analects is a record of the words and deeds of Confucius by his main disciples and his re-disciples.

The language of The Analects is concise and concise, with profound meanings, and many of its remarks are still regarded as supreme by the world. The Analects of Confucius is mainly a record of words, and the word "Analects" means "compilation", while "language" means "words".

The Analects of Confucius was written in the hands of many people, some of whom were disciples of Confucius, some of whom were re-transmitted disciples of Confucius, and some of whom were outside of Confucius, but mainly disciples of Confucius, and the Analects of Confucius is a record of the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. As an excellent collection of discursive prose, it recounts the words of Confucius in a concise, subtle and meaningful language.

The Analects of Confucius is a collection of Confucius's teaching words, or simple responses, to the point; or inspired arguments, eloquent; rich in variation, and moving. The Analects of Confucius is also good at displaying characterization through the description of facial expressions and gestures.

Confucius is the center of the description of the Analects of Confucius, "the style of the man, overflowing with words" ("Wenxin Diao Long Zheng Sheng"); the book is not only about his demeanor static description, but also about his personality and temperament of the God portrayal. In addition, around the center of Confucius, the Analects of Confucius has also successfully portrayed some of the disciples of Confucius.

For example, Zilu's straightforwardness, Yan Hui's elegance, Zigong's intelligence, Zeng Ci's elegance, and so on, all of them have distinctive personalities and can leave a deep impression on people. Confucius taught different people according to their abilities, taking into account their different qualities, strengths and weaknesses, and the specific circumstances of their virtue and cultivation, and gave them different teachings.

It shows the invaluable spirit of teaching others. According to "Yan Yuan", the same disciple asked about benevolence, Confucius had different answers, answering Yan Yuan, "Kegel and return to propriety as benevolence", answering Zhong Gong, "Do not do unto others what you do not want them to do unto you; do not do unto others what you want to do unto them", and answering Sima Zhong, "benevolence is slow in its speech. "

This is the first time that I have ever seen a person with a high degree of moral integrity.

Yan Yuan, who was highly educated, replied with a program of "benevolence", while Zhong Gong and Sima Zhong replied with a detailed list. Another example is the same question, "Do you hear what I do?" Confucius replied to Zi Lu, "If my parents are here, how can I hear and act like this?" Because "I am also a man of the world, so I am retreating from the world."

Answer Ran You: "I have heard of it." Because "I am seeking to retreat, so I am advancing."

This is not only a matter of teaching methodology, but also a matter of Confucius' high sense of responsibility for his disciples.

Because of Qin Shi Huang - burning books and burying scholars (although it is said to be burning books and burying scholars, but in fact, buried alive is some of the Fangshi), to the Western Han Dynasty, there are only oral transmission and from Confucius' residence in the wall of the book, counting: Lu oral transmission of the Lu Lunyin 20, Qi oral transmission of the Qi Lunyin 22, found in the wall of the residence of Confucius, the ancient Lunyin 21. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Yu, the emperor's teacher, refined the Analects of Confucius, and based on the Lu Lunyin, with reference to the Qi Lunyin, he composed another treatise called Zhang Hou Lunyin.

This book became the authoritative reading at that time, according to the Han Book - Zhang Yu biography: "the Confucian for the language said: 'Want to be the "Analects", read Zhang Wen.' By the scholars more from Zhang's, the rest of the family sleep micro."

"Qi Analects" "ancient Analects" soon died. The existing "Analects" 20, 492 chapters, which records the Confucius and disciples in time to talk about the words of the people about 444 chapters, the record of the disciples of Confucius talk about the words of each other 48 chapters.

After the May Fourth Movement, the Analects of Confucius, as a symbol of feudal culture, was listed as an object of criticism and denial, and then there was the study of Neo-Confucianism, but in the context of China's democratic revolution, Confucianism did not form a new climate in China. The development of the times, the advancement of society, can not help but make people re-select the newborn ideology and culture, which is the spread of Marxism in China and the birth and development of the new socialist culture.

However, the grim fact is that a new type of society, especially when it steps into the track of normal development, The Analects of Confucius Tang Codex (6 copies) can not help but rethink their own national spirit and traditional culture, which is an important link that no society can ignore in the process of its own development. In particular, the essence of national culture is more worthy of people to re-recognize and re-explore.

This makes me think of the ****ness and individuality of human beings, the ****ness and individuality of culture, and the dialectical negative nature of national culture. At the same time, it also makes me feel the value of the idea of *** "ancient for modern use, foreign for Chinese use".

In fact, when we get rid of the metaphysical way of thinking, and really establish the materialistic and dialectical way of thinking, and use it to analyze the traditional Chinese culture, we will find the essence of it, and the Analects of Confucius is one of them. Undeniably, the Analects of Confucius has its dregs or negative aspects, but it reflects the essence of social life more than two thousand years ago, philosophical quotations and aphorisms, and is a historical demonstration of the degree of civilization of the Chinese nation.

Even today, in the midst of reform and opening up, economic takeoff, and cultural development, many of the ideas in The Analects of Confucius still have some significance and value for the times. Confucius (551-479) name Qiu, the word Zhongni, English: Confucius in the family age ranked second, so some people also known as the hole in the second, the Spring and Autumn period of the State of Lu Zuoyi people, Han Chinese, aged 73 years old, buried in the city of Qufu, Surabaya water north of the south bank of the present-day Kong Lin site.

He was a great thinker, educator and politician in the history of China. Confucius lost his father at an early age and his family was in decline.

He once said, "I am young and cheap, so I am capable of many despicable things." When he was young, he worked as a mandarin (managing granaries) and as a tutor (managing livestock).

Although he lived in poverty, he was very studious and good at learning from others, and once said, "If three people walk together, there must be my teacher. He once said, "If three people walk together, there must be a teacher for me.

4. Twelve chapters of the Analects of Confucius, Literary Knowledge

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism, compiled by the disciples of Confucius and his re-disciples.

It is mainly written in the style of discourse and dialogues, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and focusing on his political ideas, doctrinal thoughts, moral concepts, and educational principles, etc.

The Analects is one of the classic works of Confucianism. With the University," "Meanwhile," "Mencius," "Poetry," "Shangshu," "Rites," "I Ching," "Spring and Autumn" and known as the "Four Books and Five Classics".

The popular book "The Analects" **** twenty. The Analects is a record of the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, *** twenty, written by the disciples and re-transmitted disciples of Confucius, is one of the ancient Confucian classics in China, is the first to create the body of quotations.

The exemplary nature of Chinese writing also originated here. The core of the political thought of Confucius, the founder of Confucianism (in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in opposition to Mohism), was "benevolence", "propriety", and "mediocrity". ". The Analects is a record of the words and deeds of Confucius by his main disciples and his re-disciples.

The language of The Analects is concise and concise, with profound meanings, and many of its remarks are still regarded as supreme by the world. The Analects of Confucius is mainly a record of words, and the word "Analects" means "compilation", while "language" means "words".

The Analects of Confucius was written in the hands of many people, and it was written by the disciples of Confucius, the re-transmitted disciples of Confucius, and people outside of Confucius, but the disciples of Confucius were the main ones, and the Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. As an excellent collection of discursive prose, it recounts the words of Confucius in a concise, subtle and meaningful language.

The Analects of Confucius' teaching words, or simple response, point to point; or inspired argument, eloquent; rich in change, and moving. The first thing you need to do is to take a look at the website and see if you can find the information.

5. Literary knowledge of the Analects of Confucius Short thanks

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism, compiled by the disciples of Confucius and his disciples.

It is mainly written in the style of discourse and dialogues, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and focusing on Confucius's political ideas, reasoning, moral concepts and educational principles. With the University," "Meanwhile," "Mencius," "Poetry," "Shangshu," "Rites," "I Ching," "Spring and Autumn" and known as the "Four Books and Five Classics".

The popular book "The Analects" **** twenty. The Analects is a record of the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, *** twenty, written by the disciples and re-transmitted disciples of Confucius, is one of the ancient Confucian classics in China, is the first to create the body of quotations.

The exemplary nature of Chinese writing also originated here. The core of the political thought of Confucius, the founder of Confucianism (in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in opposition to Mohism), was "benevolence", "propriety", and "mediocrity". ". The Analects is a record of the words and deeds of Confucius by his main disciples and his re-disciples.

The language of The Analects is concise and concise, with profound meanings, and many of its remarks are still regarded as supreme by the world. The Analects of Confucius is mainly a record of words, and the word "Analects" means "compilation", while "language" means "words".

The Analects of Confucius was written in the hands of many people, and it was written by the disciples of Confucius, the re-transmitted disciples of Confucius, and people outside of Confucius, but the disciples of Confucius were the main ones, and the Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. As an excellent collection of discursive prose, it recounts the words of Confucius in a concise, subtle and meaningful language.

The Analects of Confucius is a collection of Confucius's teaching words, or simple responses, to the point; or inspired arguments, eloquent; rich in variation, and moving. The Analects of Confucius is also good at displaying characterization through the description of facial expressions and gestures.

Confucius is the center of the description of the Analects of Confucius, "the style of Confucius, overflowing with words" ("Wenxin Diao Long Zheng Sheng"); the book is not only about his demeanor static description, but also about his personality and temperament of the God portrayal. In addition, around the center of Confucius, the Analects of Confucius has also successfully portrayed some of the disciples of Confucius.

For example, Zilu's straightforwardness, Yan Hui's elegance, Zigong's intelligence, Zeng Ci's elegance, and so on, all of them have distinctive personalities and can leave a deep impression on people. Confucius taught different people according to their abilities, taking into account their different qualities, strengths and weaknesses, and the specific circumstances of their virtue and cultivation, and gave them different teachings.

It shows the invaluable spirit of teaching others. According to "Yan Yuan", the same disciple asked about benevolence, Confucius had different answers, answering Yan Yuan, "Kegel and return to propriety as benevolence", answering Zhong Gong, "Do not do unto others what you do not want them to do unto you; do not do unto others what you want to do unto them", and answering Sima Zhong, "benevolence is slow in its speech. "

This is the first time that I have ever seen a person with a high degree of moral integrity.

Yan Yuan, who was highly educated, replied with a program of "benevolence", while Zhong Gong and Sima Zhong replied with a detailed list. Another example is the same question, "Do you hear what I do?" Confucius replied to Zi Lu, "If my parents are here, how can I hear and act like this?" Because "I am also a man of the world, so I am retreating from the world."

Answer Ran You: "I have heard of it." Because "I am seeking to retreat, so I am advancing."

This is not only a matter of teaching methodology, but also a matter of Confucius' high sense of responsibility for his disciples.

Because of Qin Shi Huang - burning books and burying scholars (although it is said to be burning books and burying scholars, but in fact, buried alive is some of the Fangshi), to the Western Han Dynasty, there are only oral transmission and from Confucius' residence in the wall of the book, counting: Lu oral transmission of the Lu Lunyin 20, Qi oral transmission of the Qi Lunyin 22, found in the wall of the residence of Confucius, the ancient Lunyin 21. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Yu, the emperor's teacher, refined the Analects of Confucius, and based on the Lu Lunyin, with reference to the Qi Lunyin, he composed another treatise called Zhang Hou Lunyin.

This book became the authoritative reading at that time, according to the Han Book - Zhang Yu biography: "the Confucian for the language said: 'Want to be the "Analects", read Zhang Wen.' By the scholars more from Zhang's, the rest of the family sleep micro."

"Qi Analects" "ancient Analects" soon died. The existing "Analects" 20, 492 chapters, which records the Confucius and disciples in time to talk about the words of the people about 444 chapters, the record of the disciples of Confucius talk about the words of each other 48 chapters.

After the May Fourth Movement, the Analects of Confucius, as a symbol of feudal culture, was listed as an object of criticism and denial, and then there was the study of Neo-Confucianism, but in the context of China's democratic revolution, Confucianism did not form a new climate in China. The development of the times, the advancement of society, can not help but make people re-select the newborn ideology and culture, which is the spread of Marxism in China and the birth and development of the new socialist culture.

However, the grim fact is that a new type of society, especially when it steps into the track of normal development, The Analects of Confucius Tang Codex (6 copies) can not help but rethink their own national spirit and traditional culture, which is an important link that no society can ignore in the process of its own development. In particular, the essence of national culture is more worthy of people to re-recognize and re-explore.

This makes me think of the ****ness and individuality of human beings, the ****ness and individuality of culture, and the dialectical negative nature of national culture. At the same time, it also makes me feel the value of the idea of *** "ancient for modern use, foreign for Chinese use".

In fact, when we get rid of the metaphysical way of thinking, and really establish the materialistic and dialectical way of thinking, and use it to analyze the traditional Chinese culture, we will find the essence of it, and the Analects of Confucius is one of them. Undeniably, the Analects of Confucius has its dregs or negative aspects, but it reflects the essence of social life more than two thousand years ago, philosophical quotations and aphorisms, and is a historical demonstration of the degree of civilization of the Chinese nation.

Even today, in the midst of reform and opening up, economic takeoff, and cultural development, many of the ideas in The Analects of Confucius still have some significance and value for the times. Confucius (551-479) name Qiu, the word Zhongni, English: Confucius in the family age ranked second, so some people also known as the hole in the second, the Spring and Autumn period of the State of Lu Zuoyi people, Han Chinese, aged 73 years old, buried in the city of Qufu, Surabaya water north of the south bank of the present-day Kong Lin site.

He was a great thinker, educator and politician in the history of China. Confucius lost his father at an early age and his family was in decline.

He once said, "I am young and cheap, so I am capable of many despicable things." When he was young, he worked as a mandarin (managing granaries) and as a tutor (managing livestock).

Although he lived in poverty, he was a good learner and good at learning from others, and once said, "If three people walk together, there must be my teacher. Choose his.

6. Urgently Need Literary Knowledge of the Ten Rules of the Analects

The Analects, a record of the words and actions of Confucius and his disciples, was compiled by the disciples of Confucius. Confucius (551~479 years ago), his name was Qiu, his character Zhongni, a native of the state of Lu, a thinker and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of the Confucian school. The Analects of Confucius, six "sitting", "Ji will cut Zhuan Yu", "Ho 丈人"

1, Confucius (551 ~ 479) the late Spring and Autumn period thinker, politician, educator, founder of Confucianism. His name was Qiu, and his character Zhongni. He was a native of Zuoyi in the State of Lu (southeast of present-day Qufu in Shandong Province). He was a nobleman of the Song State. When he was a young man, his family was in decline. When he became an adult, he worked as a "commissioner" (accountant) and a "fieldman" (in charge of animal husbandry), and at the age of 50, he was promoted to be a minister of the state of Lu from the middle of the state of Lu and took charge of the affairs of the ministers of the state of Lu. Later, he was dismissed from his post and traveled around the world, but he never left his post again. In his later years, he devoted himself to education, and was the first to popularize education among the common people. He also organized the Poems and the Books, and edited the Spring and Autumn Annals recorded by the historians of the state of Lu, which became the first chronicle of China's history. Confucius vigorously propagated the doctrine of "benevolence". In terms of worldview, he was skeptical of the superstitious belief in ghosts and gods since the Yin and Zhou dynasties, believing that "how can one know death when one does not know life", and putting forward the idea of "respecting ghosts and gods and staying away from them".

In terms of epistemology and educational thought, he emphasized the combination of "learning" and "thinking", and put forward a number of very inspiring insights.

He was the first to create the style of private lectures, and advocated the "teaching without category", according to the teaching material. It is rumored that there are three thousand disciples, seventy-two famous scholars. However, he despised "learning crops" and "learning gardens" and looked down on the working people.

In politics, he advocated the principle of "king, minister, father, son", maintained the order of slavery, and advocated indoctrination on the basis of maintaining the rule of the nobility.