There is a kind of headdress, which is the same as that in the hair band, but made of cloth? What is that? Very non-mainstream

During the Qin and Han Dynasties (2265438 BC+0 ~ 220 AD), the clothing was richer in material than during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the deep clothing also got new development. Especially in the Han dynasty, with the establishment of the clothing system, the distinction between official ranks and grades of clothing was more strict. Clothing fabrics in Qin and Han dynasties are still brilliant. Embroidery patterns are mostly mountain clouds, birds and animals or vines. Brocade has various complicated geometric diamond patterns, and the whole pattern is woven with words. In the third year of Jian Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 138) and the fourth year of Yuan Shou in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 19), Zhang Qian was ordered to go to the Western Regions twice, which opened the land passage between China and western countries. Throughout the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, thousands of silks were exported continuously, which was called the "Silk Road" in history. As a result, China clothing culture spread to the world. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, there have been some developments and changes in deep clothing. Judging from the upper class in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the general cut robes were institutionalized. There is not much difference between the clothing system in Qin Dynasty and the Warring States Period, which ensures that China's clothing keeps the basic form of deep clothing. Men's and women's clothing in the Western Han Dynasty still followed the form of deep clothes. Whether it is a single product or a cotton product, most of the tops and skirts are cut and stitched together, and the upper and lower parts are still not stitched or stitched; There are Hanfu and underwear in the coat, and their leaders are exposed together to become a rigid suit. Wear tight pants and keep the style of "boasting clothes and big skirts". The first step is to wear different shoes. Belt. In the Qin dynasty, clothes were black. In the Han Dynasty, there was a clothing system. The history books list more than 20 kinds of dresses, court clothes and uniforms of emperors and courtiers. The grade difference in clothing is very obvious. The main manifestations are as follows: ① On the basis of inheriting the old system, the crown service has developed into a basic symbol to distinguish grades; (2) The matching system was established as a symbol to distinguish official ranks.

Clothing in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 ~ 589) During the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the grade clothing changed and the national clothing merged greatly. The crown hat has been replaced by towels used by scholars, such as horn towels, water chestnut towels, purple nylon towels, white nylon towels and so on. Wei Chu and Cao Wen have formulated a nine-product official system, which takes purple, red and green as the difference of nine products. Since then, this system has been used in successive dynasties until the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In addition to towels, the first clothes in the Jin Dynasty were for social use, and men with official positions also wore small crowns. The lacquer sarong crowns with gauze caps on them were originally made by warriors in the Han Dynasty and passed from hand to hand. They were not only used by male officials, but also used as part-time? Dou Yiyin? ㄓ.d wife? Promise? Do you pay? ? In the Central Plains, people live together, and political, economic and cultural customs permeate each other, forming a situation of great integration, so clothing is easy to develop. Wearing the dumb pleats of northern national shorts has gradually become the mainstream, which can be worn by both men and women, regardless of grade. Women's clothing is "frugal and rich". From the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the period of Qi and Liang Dynasties, dresses were skirts, which originated in the Han Dynasty. In the Jin dynasty, it had the characteristics of short coat and wide skirt. There was a time when full-toe shoes and high-toothed shoes (a kind of lacquer-painted clogs) were popular. On the other hand, influenced by the etiquette of the Han Dynasty, ethnic minorities wear Hanfu. In the 18th year of Taihe (494), after Xianbei Northern Wei moved its capital to Luoyang, Emperor Xiaowen of Wei promoted the policy of sinicization, changed his surname to Tuoba, and led hundreds of officials to wear Han and Wei costumes. It turns out that Xianbei people are wearing small sleeve clothes with collars. This reform of the old customs, called "filial piety reform", has enabled the old system of crown clothing to continue since the Qin and Han Dynasties and promoted the development of China's clothing culture.

Clothing in the Sui and Tang Dynasties (58 1 ~ 907) During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China was divided and unified, and its economy and culture were prosperous. The development of clothing presents an unprecedented brilliant scene in materials and styles. Colorful brocade is a kind of silk woven with various colors and patterns, which is often used as half-arm and collar clothing. Gong Jin, in particular, has the patterns of pheasant, fighting sheep, phoenix and swimming scales, with gorgeous chapter colors. Embroidery includes five-color embroidery and gold and silver thread embroidery. Printing and dyeing patterns can be divided into multicolor overprint dyeing and monochromatic dyeing. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the main characteristics of men's crown clothing were that the upper layer wore robes, the officials wore hoes, and the people wore short shirts. Until the Five Dynasties, there was little change. Officials in Tian Zi and Guanbai used colors to distinguish grades, and patterns to indicate official ranks. Women's clothing in Sui and Tang Dynasties was full of fashion flavor, which often developed from palace women's clothing to folk, and was imitated in succession, and was often influenced by northwest nationalities. The most fashionable women's dress in Sui and Tang Dynasties was short skirt, that is, long skirt with short coat, and the waist of the skirt was tied with silk ribbon, almost reaching the armpit. Women in Sui and Tang Dynasties were well dressed. The "half-arm" handed down from the court has double-breasted pullovers, lapels or collarless styles. The sleeves are elbow-length and waist-length, and a small belt is tied as a chest. Because the neckline is very wide, the upper chest is exposed when wearing it. The half arm lasted for a long time, and then the man wore it. At that time, a long scarf was also popular, which was made of tulle and had flowers painted with silver flowers or gold and silver powder. One end is fixed on the chest strap of the half arm, then put on the shoulder and wrapped around the arm, so it is called silk. Women's hair accessories in Tang Dynasty are various, each with its own name. Women's shoes are generally flower shoes, mostly made of splendid fabrics, colored silks and leather. Tang people are good at integrating northwest minorities with foreign cultures such as Tianzhu and Persia. During the Tang Dynasty from Zhenguan to Kaiyuan, new Hu clothes were very popular.

The costumes in Song, Liao, Xia and Jin Dynasties (947 ~ 1368) basically retained the style of Han costumes in Song Dynasty, while the costumes in Liao, Xixia and Jin Dynasties had the characteristics of Qidan, Tangut, Jurchen and Mongolian respectively. National costumes are once again exchanged and integrated. There are three kinds of costumes in Song Dynasty: official clothes, casual clothes and old clothes. In the Song Dynasty, Luo was the main fabric of official clothes. Due to the old system of the Five Dynasties, the government gave the pro-expensive ministers robes in seven different colors every year. The colors of official uniforms follow the Tang system, with purple being more than three, Zhu being more than five, green being more than seven and green being more than nine. The style of official uniforms is roughly similar to the long-sleeved official uniforms in the late Tang Dynasty, but the first clothes (crowns and hats, etc.). ) It is already a flat-winged black silk hat, named Straight Foot, which has been customized. The official clothes of the Song Dynasty followed the system of wearing fish in the Tang Dynasty. Officials who are qualified to wear purple and scarlet official uniforms must tie a "fish bag" around their waist, which contains fish made of gold, silver and copper to distinguish official products. "Curved collar in the square" is also a feature of the imperial costume, that is, the ornaments under the circle are placed on the items of the imperial costume. In addition to official clothes and uniforms, the daily casual clothes of officials in Song Dynasty are mainly small sleeve round neck shirts and soft-winged hoes, which are still in Tang style, but their feet are replaced with casual shoes that are more convenient for daily life. The representative costumes of the old people in the Song Dynasty are wide-body robes and large-sleeved Dongpo towels. The robe was edged with dark cloth to keep the ancient style. Dongpo towel is a square tube-shaped towel, which was created by Su Dongpo, a great writer. In fact, it is the revival of ancient towels, which were often worn by old gentry in the Ming Dynasty. Folk first clothes were also very popular in Song Dynasty. Men are popular with hoes and scarves, while women are popular with crowns and hijabs. Women's hair style and corolla were the focus of people's pursuit of beauty at that time, which best reflected the changes of clothing in Song Dynasty. The crown of women in Tang and Five Dynasties has become more and more dangerous, and the crown of women in Song Dynasty has further developed and changed. Usually put a flower and bird comb on the bun, and there is no surprise. Liao, Xixia and Jin were regimes established by the Khitan, Tangut and Jurchen in ancient China, and their costumes reflected the development track of their respective national traditions in long-term cultural exchanges with the Han nationality. Tangut women wear Hu clothes with lapels and the neckline is beautifully embroidered. Khitan and jurchen usually wear long coats and boots with narrow sleeves and knees, which are suitable for hunting immediately; Women wear long gowns with narrow sleeves and collars, and they are all left-handed. Contrary to the Han people, the fishing piers they used to wear are widely popular in the mainland. Considering the reality of living together with the Han nationality, the Liao-Jin regime once set up the system of "Southern Officials", ruled the Han nationality in China together with the Han nationality, and adopted the old system of official uniforms in Tang and Song Dynasties for Han officials. In Liao dynasty, the embroidery patterns of flowers, birds and animals on silk official uniforms were used to distinguish official products, which affected the grade identification of official uniforms in Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Jin Dynasty, the rank was determined by the size of the flowers on the official clothes, and the lowest rank was sesame without grains or small diamond grains. The men's wear of Khitan and Jurchen is also adopted by Han people because it is easy to move. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (13 14), considering the ancient and modern Mongolian and Chinese costume systems, the colors of official and civilian costumes were uniformly stipulated. In the Han dynasty, the official uniforms were mostly Tang-style round collars and hoes; Mongolian officials wear collared clothes and square corrugated hats; For the convenience of galloping at once, plaited coats (round neck tight sleeve robe, wide hem, plaited waist) and hats are the most popular among the middle and lower classes. In the Yuan Dynasty, various textiles appeared, such as Nashiya Gold, Mixed Gold Zigzag, Jindianzi, Douluojin, Sanling, Dasi, Suu, Nansi, Beisi, Hibiscus and Fanjin. During the Yuan Dynasty, there were 10 many times a year. At that time, thousands of officials wore high-grade dresses with the same color and style, decorated with gems and jewels, which was called high-quality sun clothes, which was rare in past dynasties. In the Ming dynasty, this kind of clothing was used as a police costume.

Clothing in Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368 ~1911) was dominated by traditional Han costumes in Ming Dynasty, and Manchu costumes were the mainstream in Qing Dynasty. The costumes of the upper and lower classes of the two generations have obvious grades. The official dress of the upper class is a symbol of power, which has always been valued by the ruling class. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, robes and yellow have been exclusively used by the royal family. Since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, purple is the most expensive. In the Ming Dynasty, because the emperor's surname was Zhu, Zhu was the positive color, and because the Analects of Confucius had "evil purple to take Zhu also", purple was abolished from official uniforms. The most distinctive feature is to use "tonic" to express the grade. The patch is a piece of silk about 40 ~ 50 cm square, embroidered with different patterns, and then sewn on the official clothes, one on the chest and one on the back. Civil servants use birds as a supplement, and military officers use animals, which are divided into nine categories. Usually, T-shirts are distinguished by the length of clothes and the size of sleeves, and the old ones are the most respected. The main first clothes of officials in Ming Dynasty are slightly different from those in Song and Yuan Dynasties. The emperor wore black gauze and folded towels, and the wings of his hat stood up from behind. The official robe wears lacquered yarn with spreading wings and often wears his duties. The wives and mothers of the banned officials also have red big sleeve dresses with different stripes and decorations and various summer shawls. In addition, high heels have been used by upper-class women, which are divided into high heels and high heels. In the Ming Dynasty, people's clothes were long and short, including shirts or skirts, which basically inherited the old tradition and had a very rich variety. In terms of dress color, civilian wives and daughters can only wear purple, green, pink and other colors to avoid mixing with official clothes; Working people are only allowed to use brown. Apart from the old hats that have been popular since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhu Yuanzhang personally formulated two kinds of hats, which were promulgated throughout the country and used by ordinary people. One is a square barrel-shaped black lacquer gauze cap, called a square nipple; One is a hemispherical hat composed of six pieces, called Liuhe unified hat, which means equality in all countries and unity in the world. The latter, commonly known as melon skin hat, is made of black velvet and satin. During the Qing dynasty, shaving and changing clothes were carried out by violent means, and men's clothes were unified according to Manchu customs. In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), the regulations on wearing colored epaulettes were promulgated, abolishing the crown clothes with strong colors of Han nationality. In the Ming Dynasty, all men wore their hair in a bun and wore loose clothes, stockings and pumps. In the Qing Dynasty, the hair was blown into braided hair, the braids hung behind the head, wearing thin horseshoe cufflinks, tight socks and deep boots. However, according to the law, official and folk costumes are completely different. The main variety of official uniforms in Qing dynasty is robes and mandarin jackets. A jacket is a coat added to a robe, named after it originated from riding a jacket. It is characterized by a slit at the front and back, and a blue chest (disc for the king of Prince Edward County). Buzi's bird and beast patterns and order are similar to those of the Ming Dynasty. The official hats of the Qing dynasty are completely different from those of previous dynasties. Military and political personnel above non-commissioned officers and officers wear weft hats that look like hats, which are divided into warm hats and cool hats according to winter and summer seasons. They were also dressed in "coats" of different colors and materials, and a bunch of peacock feathers were dragged behind their hats. Ling is called Hualing. There are "eyes" (round spots on feathers) on the senior ling, which can be divided into one eye, two eyes and three eyes. More eyes are more expensive, and only princes or ministers with outstanding achievements are rewarded. The emperor sometimes wears a yellow jacket to show his special affection. As far as the influence is concerned, mandarin jackets of other colors have gradually become popular among officials and gentry, and become ordinary costumes. Officials above grade four or five still hang beads of Buddha around their necks, which are made of all kinds of precious stones and fragrant wood, which constitutes another feature of official uniforms in the Qing Dynasty. The progress of silk weaving, embroidery, printing and dyeing and various manual occupations created conditions for the richness of clothing varieties in the Qing Dynasty. The development of women's wear in Qing dynasty, Han nationality and Manchu nationality was different. During Kang Yong period, Han women kept Ming style, while clothes and long skirts were popular in small sleeve. After finishing, the clothes are getting fatter and shorter, the cuffs are getting wider and wider, and with the cloud shoulders, the pattern renovation is endless; By the end of the Qing Dynasty, urban women had put on skirts and trousers, which were inlaid with lace and rolled teeth, and most of the expensive clothes were spent on them. Manchu women wear "flag clothes", comb the flag bun (commonly known as two ends) and wear "flowerpot bottom" flag shoes. As for the so-called cheongsam circulated in later generations, it has long been mainly used in the court and the royal family. In the late Qing dynasty, cheongsam was also imitated by the ladies of the Han nationality.

In ancient China, women's hair ornaments were exquisite and gorgeous, and the headdress they wore had a great relationship with women's status. People of different identities wear different headdresses on different occasions. We often see ancient women's hair accessories on TV. Do you know their names? Today, Bian Xiao briefly introduces six kinds of hair accessories commonly used by ancient women.

hair decorations

Look at the hair accessories of ancient women in China:

1, step shake

A walking wave is a hairpin or hairpin with beads and jade pendants hanging on the top. Because ancient women walked, the skirt should remain motionless, otherwise it would be unstable, but the pendant on the wave was swaying, which greatly enriched the beauty of women. Most people who wear tap dancing are women with high status. Because of the noble material, exquisite production and beautiful shape, this kind of hair accessory is not available to ordinary women.

2. Huasheng

Watson is a hair accessory inserted in a bun or forehead. From the costume of Wang Xifeng in the stills of A Dream of Red Mansions, we can see the typical Jin Chai (five phoenix hanging beads in the morning sun) and Watson.

Step 3 comb

Comb was a necessary hair accessory in ancient times, especially for women, who could hardly comb it without leaving their bodies. After a long time, it has formed the atmosphere of combing. Grate is a comb tool with higher density than comb, which was originally used to remove hair scales.

4. hey

When a woman reaches the age of fifteen, she becomes an adult. This year is called "the year of happiness". A bun is a hair accessory that fixes a bun. Liv is a woman who combs a bun for a woman of the same age, inserts a blessing, and then takes it off after the ceremony.

5. boom

The bun is the development of the bun, and it also plays the role of fixing the bun. Decorate the front end and carve it into shapes such as plants (flowers and plants), animals (phoenix, peacock) and auspicious things (ruyi). It can be made of precious materials such as gold, jade, ivory, tortoiseshell, etc., and the technology is becoming more and more abundant, including carving, carving, plate flower and so on.

6. bang

Many people can't tell the difference between ancient women's hair accessories and hairpin. People usually use "one foot as a hairpin and two feet as a hairpin" to make a simple distinction.

Hairstyle:

Hairstyle is an important decoration of women's head, which can increase the aesthetic feeling of appearance. The changes of ancient women's hairstyles are extremely colorful, handed down from generation to generation, constantly changing, from simple to complex, and from complex to simple, alternating back and forth. There are many records, including 100 in Steamed Buns and Pins. The names of these hairs are named according to the meaning of hairstyle and jewelry. Although there are many nicknames, they can be summarized into several basic types according to the braiding and hairstyle, which are briefly described as follows:

1. Junction type

This hairstyle consists of a bun, some standing on the top of the head, some leaning to both sides, some spreading flat, some hanging down, and women's own hair is limited, often accompanied by' wigs' and jewelry, which is majestic and gorgeous. According to records, it is said that during the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Yaochi came to the court meeting, and all the fairies had different hairpins with lofty rings. The emperor ordered his courtiers and concubines to follow suit, hence the name "Looking at the fairy hairpin" (1), which was later decorated with various jewels, golden hairpin, wind hairpin or outing, making it even more magnificent and noble. This high-circle hairstyle, with one to nine hairstyles, is the most distinguished hairstyle, and is often used to express the hairstyles of fairies, queens, empresses and noble ladies in mythology (as can be seen from the hairstyles of eighty-seven immortals and jade girls in Yongle Palace murals). Girls who have never left the room can also use it, but the decoration should not be too gorgeous. This hairstyle was quite popular in the Qin and Han dynasties and the pre-Qin period. After the Han dynasty, it was worshipped as a fairy hairstyle and adopted by celebrities and ladies.

Its forms are high, almost, hanging, overhead and both sides, and the number can be ligated at will, with many changes and flexible application.

2. Torsion type

This is a hairstyle created at the end of the Han Dynasty. According to records, it was planned by Empress Zhen, and it became popular after worshipping each other. This hairstyle is to divide the hair into several strands, twist it into a ball like a twist and wrap it around the head. According to records, when Hou Zhen entered the Wei Palace, there was a green snake in the palace. When Hou Zhen dresses every day, she winds the snake and shapes it, imitating Hou Zhen's appearance and combing it into a bun. The daily steamed bun is different due to the snake-like change, so it is named "Lingshe steamed bun".

This hairstyle is flexible, vivid and charming, suitable for goddesses and precious women who have not left the room. There are many forms of this hairstyle change, which can be twisted around the top of the head, the side of the head and the front of the head. The changes are vivid and comfortable, especially in ancient ladies' paintings. It can be used flexibly in modeling.

3. Disc stacking type

This hairstyle can be seen in paintings, sculptures and tomb murals in the Tang Dynasty. In the tomb mural of Li Huixian, Princess Yongtai, the granddaughter of Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty, there are many stacked buns. According to records; Women in Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty liked to comb their hair in a bun (that is, snail bun). The back, whose shape is towering but not falling, is called a bun. All the rage in Chang 'an, this kind of "steamed stuffed bun" is mainly made in the form of folding. The method is to tie the hair with silk thread, and then fold the bun into a spiral shape by knitting, folding and folding, and place it on the top of the head or on both sides or on the forehead and back of the head. It can also be folded into various forms at will.

This hairstyle is very beautiful and decorative. In Wang Yuyang's poems, he praised "green snails are like steamed buns, so delicious". According to the method of plate stacking, various snails can be made. It can be used flexibly in modeling.

Step 4: Reverse the style.

According to Duan's Pinpin, this hairstyle is that the princess in the palace combs her buttocks, which was also very popular in Sui and Tang Dynasties. "Dressing Table" recorded that "Tang Wude half combed his hips, turned his hips back and divided his hips". Inverted hair is to gather the hair high and turn it over, which also belongs to the hairstyle of high bun. It is made by gathering hair backwards, tying it with silk thread, and then dividing it into strands and turning it into various styles. Some combs are woven into the shape of bird wings, which is called "police ponytail", some combs are woven into single-knife or double-knife bun, which is called "rotary knife bun", and some turn multiple strands of hair into fancy, which is called "hundred flowers". There are many forms and techniques, all of which are closely combined and tossed around.

This hairstyle is mostly used by ladies-in-waiting and imperial concubines. Girls who don't leave the room often leave a tail under the inverted bun so that it hangs over their shoulders, which is called "dovetail" or "split bun". Although the names of the past dynasties are different, the basic hairstyles are similar, and they can be flexibly changed and referenced when modeling.

5. Spine knot type

This hairstyle is the most common and widely used in ancient women's hairstyles, and it has been adopted in all dynasties and lasted for the longest time, from Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. It's just that the hairstyle is high and low, and the spine changes in the front, middle, left and right are different. The combing method of this hairstyle is to tie the hair on the top of the head or on the side of the head, or on the forehead and back of the head, tie it up and tie it into a vertebra, which can be coiled into one vertebra, two vertebrae to three vertebrae, so that it stands upright on the top of the head or on both sides. According to records, Sun Shou, his wife, put the knot vertebra on the side of her head to make it fall off, which is called "falling horse bun", also known as "Liang Xin makeup". It was all the rage. When Zhao Hede entered the palace, he rolled his hair into a vertebra, which was called "emerging bun". Hongliang's wife Meng Guang likes to comb her hips. These hairstyles are all changes in the shape of the knot. If you master the carding method, you can change or create all kinds of vertebral buns, which can be used flexibly in modeling. All kinds of vertebral buns are mostly used by married young women.

Step 6 be symmetrical

This hairstyle has been used since Qin and Han dynasties and has been adopted in all previous dynasties. Its typical hairstyles are "double bun" and "bun", and "double bun" is mainly the hairstyles of maids and maids. It is said that Qin Shihuang ordered ladies-in-waiting to wear double buns and suspenders until the Qing Dynasty. This hairstyle is to divide the hair into two strands from the top, comb it on both sides, tie it on both sides, and then tie it into two big buns, so that the two sides are placed symmetrically. It can also be tied symmetrically to make it droop, which is good for folk girls.

"haircut"

This is a kind of children's hair that can be used by both men and women. Because of its shape, it is called "hair". Its shape is that the hair is divided into two strands, symmetrically tied into two vertebrae, placed on the left and right sides of the head, and a small lock of tail hair is pulled out from the bun, which naturally hangs down to the shoulders. This is the main hairstyle of children's bun in past dynasties.

Cicada and Bo temples, these two are not hairstyles, but all kinds of hairstyles should be matched with two kinds of temples.

According to records, the cicada temple was built by Mo Qiongshu, the imperial secretary of Wei Wendi Cao Pi. This is the decoration of the temple. It is called "cicada's temples" because the temples are combed very thin and transparent, and the shape is like cicada's wings. Ancient poems say that women often have "cloud temple". The combination and contrast of thin cicada temples and thick hairstyles enrich women's hairstyles.

The untimely temple of Bo and Jade Fu Zhi all stipulated that concubines in the palace should have a temple of Bo, and so should noble ladies. Bo's temples cover his ears with temples, or cover half of his ears back. This is a kind of etiquette temples.

The most common hairstyles for women can be divided into the above six categories according to their combing rules. In modeling, more hairstyles can be combed according to various combing methods, such as bun, pin, plate, circle, twist and knot, etc., and better hairstyles can be created by combining them according to dynasty, identity, age and personality.

Women's hairstyles in the Tang Dynasty are varied. Duan of the Tang Dynasty wrote in Jipin: "There are semi-rotating bun, anti-wan bun and Leyou bun in Gaozu Palace. In Ming Taizu Palace, the double ring looks at the fairy bun, the Uighur bun, and the imperial concubine makes the worry bun. In Zhenyuan, there are soft buns and makeup buns. In Chang 'an city, there are lingering steamed buns, shocking steamed buns, jilted steamed buns and Japanese steamed buns. "In addition, there are descriptions of women's hairstyles in the Tang Dynasty in dressing tables, new Tang books and China's ancient and modern notes. Archaeologists of cultural relics have seen the hair styles described in some ancient books in the pottery figurines unearthed in the tombs of the Tang Dynasty, as well as stone carvings and murals, but they are not as diverse as those unearthed in the three-color kilns of Tang Changan Pingkangfang in the eastern suburb of Xi 'an and Li Quanfang in the western suburb. This paper will introduce the pottery figurines and their hairstyles in Chang 'an Sancai Kiln in Tang Dynasty, and see through the prosperity and opening of Tang society from the colorful hairstyles of women in Tang Dynasty.

In A.D. 1368, the famous emperor Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, and his title was founded. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, a series of practical measures were taken to promote the recovery of production. With the improvement of productivity, the market is further expanded, new industries appear, some industrial cities are formed, and a unified multi-ethnic country is further consolidated. After the Ming Dynasty seized power from the Yuan Dynasty ruled by Mongolia, it paid attention to rectifying the etiquette that did not conform to the customs of the Han nationality, and adopted and restored the systems and customs of the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to the collected data, although the hair styles of women in Ming Dynasty were not as diverse as those in Tang and Song Dynasties, they also had some characteristics of their own times.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the hairstyle of Song and Yuan Dynasties was basically inherited. After Jiajing, women's hairstyles have changed obviously. "Tao Xin bun" was a fashionable hairstyle at that time. The women's bun is combed into a flat circle, and then the top of the bun is decorated with flowers. Later, it evolved into a gold and silver silk knot with a high comb. The top of the bun is also decorated with pearls, jade and jadeite. There are various hair styles of "Peach Blossom Bun", such as "Peach Blossom Bun", "Goose Heart Bun" and "Luoma Bun" which imitate the Han Dynasty.

Double bun: Double bun in Ming Dynasty, similar to the bun in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. Called "Bazi", it is a simple and generous hairstyle preferred by Jiangnan women. Especially, there are many ladies-in-waiting who comb this kind of bun, and the bun style is rich and varied, which is deeply loved by folk women.

Fake steamed bun: also known as parallel steamed bun, it was loved by ladies-in-waiting in Ming Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "ladies-in-waiting had a high bun, while folks liked a low bun". This kind of bun is mostly antique. The production method is to weave a circle with iron wire first, and then weave the hair on the plate, which becomes a cosmetic ornament to use. It was particularly popular in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In some jewelry stores, there are ready-made fake buns for sale.

Headband: also known as "Epa". In the Ming Dynasty, both old women and young girls were very popular. First, the headband evolved from the original "Baotou". At first, it was woven into net-like hair with zongsi. At first, it was fashionable and wide, and then it was narrow. Its practicality is used to tie hair, and it is also decorative. Narrow on the forehead and eyebrows. This ornament has been around since the Ming Dynasty.

Peony head: a kind of high bun, popular in Suzhou, and gradually spread to the north. You Dong's poem: "It is said that Jiangnan is one foot high, and six palaces strive to learn peony heads." Some people say that the most serious person can't lift his head and describe his hairstyle as very high, about seven inches, with fluffy sideburns, smooth bun and double locks at the end. This hairstyle usually adds a wig.

Maids in the Ming Dynasty all wore hairstyles, lotus crowns and hairpin flowers.

Analysis of Hairstyles in Qing Dynasty

The ancestors of the Qing Dynasty were Manchu people who lived in the northeast of China. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, peasant uprisings broke out one after another, and Manchu aristocrats took advantage of it to establish the Qing Dynasty in Beijing in 1644, and191year was wiped out. During these 237 years, the Qing Dynasty experienced three stages. In the early stage, it was a unified multi-ethnic country, which was relatively consolidated. In the middle period, with the further development of social economy, capitalism began to sprout and eventually entered the decline and disintegration of feudal social system.

After the Qing rulers established political power in Shanhaiguan, they forced Han people to follow Manchu customs, and shaving their hair and leaving their braids was one of them. In the early Qing dynasty, women's hair styles and decorations also retained their own national characteristics, and then gradually changed obviously. The ornaments on the bun are made of pearls instead of gold and silver, which is the characteristic of Chongzhen period. In the mid-term, we advocated high bun, such as imitating the hairstyle of Manchu maids, that is, dividing the hair into two pieces, called "fork head", and trimming a lock of hair hanging from the back of the head into two sharp corners, called "dovetail". Since then, flat head has become popular, which is called "three sets of flat head" or "Suzhou pouting". This kind of bun is suitable for all ages and has changed the custom of high bun. Hair accessories also have their own characteristics, such as "crown", which is especially suitable for elderly women. There is also the prefix, which is as luxurious as an archway, and the big pull wing favored by the royal family is one of the most famous ones.

Gaoji: In Qing Dynasty, Gaoji was made of wigs mixed with fillers, such as peony heads, shower heads and alms bowls, which were popular in Kanggan years. Its style is luxurious, towering more than seven inches, just like blooming peony and lotus. Comb the back of the head into a flat three-layer disk and fix it with a hairpin or hairpin. After the bun, it is dovetail-shaped, and the bowl head is shaped like a bowl cover. Therefore, the bun-style hair combing is more complicated, so it gradually tends to be eliminated when the hairstyle is popular in the late Qing Dynasty.

Big pull wings: also known as "flag bun", it is the most distinctive hairstyle of Manchu women in Qing Dynasty, which integrates hairstyle and makeup. Its combing method is particularly complicated, which evolved from the influence of Han women's "Ruyitou" and was loved by ladies in the Qing court.

Crown, code: Older women in Qing Dynasty covered buns with ornaments made of hard paper and black satin, embroidered with auspicious patterns and longevity words, and pinned them with pins. Middle-aged women often wear "braids" made of mane and hemp, inlaid with silks and satins, and decorated with flowers, which makes them more beautiful and gorgeous. The code is shaped like an upper with only two walls. Later, it evolved into code that is not directly used, which is called "real code". Actually, it's just a dollar bun on your head.

I hope it helps you!