What are the characteristics of Gothic articles?

The third landscape of early American popular novels is Gothic novels. The word "gothic" has many meanings in English. It is not only a literary term, but also a historical term. It can also be used as a special term in architecture and art. As a literary term, it also has many meanings. It not only refers to a literary phenomenon, but also refers to a literary work, and can also represent a literary creation method; Moreover, in different historical periods and stages, the connotations of these literary phenomena, literary works and literary creation methods are not the same. Here, by convention, it is used to represent a popular novel. This kind of novels once flourished at the end of 18 and the beginning of 19, but their authors were ignored by literary critics and historians except a few. Its pattern feature is that stories often take place in distant years and places, characters are imprisoned in narrow spaces and haunted buildings, and suspense and love are intertwined. The usual suspense means are mysterious inheritance rights, secret life experiences, lost wills, family secrets, ancestral curses and so on. Finally, the suspense was solved, the gangster was exposed, and the love barrier between the hero and heroine was removed. However, this kind of love is different from the love in romance novels. The difference between them lies in: Gothic novels usually describe mysterious adventure stories, and their love obstacles often come from gangs; Romance novels describe ordinary family chores, and their love obstacles often come from the hero and heroine themselves.

Gothic novels originated in England in the late18th century, with Horace walpole as the originator. He created the model of early classical Gothic novels in the castle of Otranto. The appearance of Gothic novels is not only related to the Gothic complex of British cemetery poets at that time, but also related to edmund burke's "Gothic" aesthetic view (1729- 1797). In addition, it also draws lessons from the "girl-villain" model of Clarissa of Richardson. Soon after the novel came out, it attracted Clara Reeve (1729- 1807), Sophia Lee (1750- 1824) and william baker Ford (1724). By the 1990s of 18, Gothic novels had gradually evolved into two branches. One branch is the horror gothic novel, which is characterized by adhering to traditional means and melting morbid evil on this basis, so as to increase the effect of mysterious horror, such as matthew lewis's The Monk (1775- 18 18). Another branch is the sentimental Gothic novel, which is characterized by retaining the castle scene, but abandoning too many mysterious elements and extreme horror atmosphere, so that the story has a logical explanation, such as Mary Radcliffe's The Mystery of Udoff (1764- 1823). Both branches have influence on the United States. Among American horror gothic novelists, the representative figure is Charles Brown (1771-1810). A series of horror gothic novels such as Vilander (1798) vividly described the hero's fear with gloomy colors and mysterious atmosphere, which had a great influence on serious novelists in later generations. Among the sentimental Gothic novelists, Sally Wood (1759- 1855) and Isaac Mitchell (1759-12) are the representative figures. The former created a series of famous Gothic novels such as Julia (1800) with France and Spain in the18th century as the background. The latter is famous for the gothic novel The Madhouse (1804).