The main characteristics of realistic art

The obvious modernist painting style first appeared in the works of French fauvism painters. A group of young painters, represented by H. Matisse, exhibited a number of works with wild style, exaggerated artistic language, deformation and expressive force at the Paris Autumn Salon in 1905. They were called "beasts" by people, hence the name "brutalism". 1908, another group of young painters, represented by P Picasso and G. Brague, introduced Cubism to France. The principle of cubism first appeared in Picasso's oil painting The Girl of avignon. This painting is regarded as a watershed between traditional art and modern art, and cubism uses the structural relationship of blocks to analyze objects, showing proper overlapping and staggered aesthetic feeling, which is the goal pursued by cubism. Both animism and cubism have absorbed nourishment from African sculpture, and artistic language has also deviated from traditional rules, which indicates that modernism has entered the stage of self-establishment. At the same time, expressionist societies such as the Bridge Club organized by 1905 in Germany and the Young Knights Club established by 1909 rose. Their aesthetic goals and artistic pursuits are similar to those of fauvism in France, but they have a strong Nordic color and German national tradition. If expressionism is influenced by industrial technology and expresses the static beauty of objects, then futurism, which originated in Italy, is stimulated by modern industrial technology and uses the method of decomposing objects to express moving scenes and feelings. They are also keen to describe a series of overlapping shapes and continuous levels with lines and colors, and try to describe light and sound with lines.

The above thoughts and movements, especially futurism, are reflected in the field of sculpture. Futurist painter and sculptor U. boccioni signed a manifesto on sculpture art in April 19 12, and applied the principles of futurism to his own works, showing as "continuous shapes in space" (19 13). The corresponding modernist artistic trend of thought was also quite active in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Except for some societies influenced by cubism and futurism, Russian constructivism has made a unique contribution to modern art in exploring how to express industrial beauty.

Abstract works of art first appeared around 19 10. Russian painter W Kandinsky, who participated in the activities of the German Young Knights Club, was the first to engage in abstract art creation. He uses the combination and composition of points, lines and surfaces, and refers to the expressive language of music to convey thoughts and emotions with painting. His works Spirit in Art (19 12) and Point, Line and Surface (1923) laid an abstract theoretical foundation. As a practitioner, he is mainly engaged in the creation of lyric abstract paintings, but at the same time he also explores geometric abstraction. Russian painter K.C. Malevic founded supremacism around 19 13, which belongs to the category of geometric abstraction. The supremacist efforts in plane composition are meaningful in exploring the emptiness, emptiness and nothingness of art, and it is de stijl (or Neo-Modelism) founded by Dutch painter P mondriaan that really lays the theoretical foundation of geometric abstraction and makes outstanding contributions in artistic practice. Throughout the 20th century, abstractism basically followed the development of lyric abstraction and geometric abstraction, but changed at various stages.

Kandinsky: The First Abstract Watercolor Painting

During the First World War, a Dadaist society appeared in Zurich, Switzerland, and its influence spread to European and American countries. There are Dada art societies in France and Germany. Dadaism opposes war, authority and tradition, as well as art and everything. As a society, it is bound to move towards a state of self-denial. Dada's nihilism and anti-traditional spirit run through the whole process of western modern literature and art. It is Dada's contribution to modern art to apply collage in graphic painting and contingency and contingency in artistic creation.

Surrealist societies are different from Dadaism. It treats artistic creation with a constructive attitude to replace the destruction and challenge of Dadaism. It directly draws ideological nourishment from Freud's subconscious theory and takes Freud's theory as the guiding ideology of this artistic movement. Surrealism artists draw inspiration from children, mental patients and dreams, and devote themselves to exploring the transcendental level of human experience, trying to break through the concept of realism and combine the concept of realism with the experience of instinct, subconscious and dreams, thus reaching an absolute and surreal realm. Surrealists often use unexpected accidental combinations, unconscious discoveries and ready-made things. Realistic and abstract languages are found in their works. 1924 to the end of 1930s, surrealist art was active. After 1930s, as an art movement, surrealism gradually faded, but many important surrealist painters were still active in European and American painting circles.

Powys: Explain the picture to the rabbit.

Abstract expressionism (also known as action painting or new york painting school), which came into being in the United States after World War II, is a school that combines expressionism, abstraction and surrealism, and is also the peak of modernist painting that attaches importance to individuality and style. Abstract expressionism emphasizes the freedom, automaticity and aimlessness of the creator's behavior, and raises the creative behavior itself to an important position, which has given birth to the factor of using the creator's behavior as the media of art communication.

Duchamp: Dry bedpan

Hard-edge abstraction and post-painting abstraction after abstract expressionism are the changes and development of geometric abstraction in the new situation, and also show the change of art from emphasizing subjective feelings to paying attention to objective expression. This change is more obvious in pop art, which is completely opposite to abstract expressionism. The rise of pop art indicates the transformation from western modernism to post-modernism. Of course, western art historians also have different views on the concept of postmodernism. Postmodernism, first used in architecture, is of course a relative, vague and controversial concept. Strictly speaking, postmodernism cannot be completely divorced from modernism. Many methods and principles advocated by postmodernism have been tried and tested in modernist art, but individual methods and principles have been extremely developed and exaggerated in post-industrial society. Postmodernism is indeed a backwash of modernism in some aspects. However, the aesthetic principles of modernism still strongly influence contemporary western artists. The rise of new expressionism, new surrealism and new abstraction in the 1980s explained this problem to some extent. In the changes of artistic thoughts of modernism and postmodernism, it seems that subjectivity and objectivity, rationality and sensibility, humanity and * * *, the strengthening and disappearance of style characteristics, humanity and machinery, Chun Xue and chin beauty, aesthetic and anti-aesthetic of art always confuse artists and drive them to explore. In the historical process of art development, there are often changes or changes, especially in industrialized and post-industrialized societies. The reason why post-modernism thoughts such as conceptual art are so shocking is that they not only run counter to traditional art, but also challenge modernism. However, history itself seems to show the fact that the development of art has an objective law that is independent of human will. The process of art itself, like the process of society itself, has a power of self-adjustment, and it should seek a balance between the above two poles. Of course, balance is temporary, temporary, and imbalance is absolute and permanent. Only when it is unbalanced and full of contradictions can art develop continuously. Even though the development process is full of contradictions and twists and turns, the whole trend is forward. In this sense, modernist art should be regarded as a powerful supplement to realism. In other words, modernism is a new artistic expression system, which is different from realism and more in line with the rhythm of modern industrial society. At least it gained the strength to coexist with realism.