Is there a history of ancient buildings?

Pre-Qin architecture-architecture in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

The period of Shang and Zhou Dynasties is a period of great development of China architecture, which initially formed some important artistic features of China architecture, such as square and regular courtyards, vertical and axisymmetric layout, wooden beam frame structure system, single shape composed of roof, roof and pedestal, and the roof occupies a large proportion in the facade. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the building wood structure became the main structural form.

The Han Dynasty was the first peak of ancient architecture in China. At this time, there are fewer tall buildings and more pavilions. The quadrangle layout is basically finalized. At this time, there are four roof forms: temple, rest mountain, hanging mountain and gathering point. At this time, three basic frame forms commonly used in ancient wooden buildings in China, namely hanging beam, crossing bucket and shaft, have been formed.

It was not until the middle and early Western Han Dynasty that the masonry arch shell appeared, and the technical conditions for building masonry houses were initially met, but the wood structure construction technology at this time has developed to a high level.

Single building is a further development based on the original architectural art and technology. Pavilion-style buildings are quite common, and the plane is mostly square.

Tang dynasty architecture

During this period, Julong Temple, a famous ancient building in Sanming, was located at the top of Shoushan Mountain in Fengxi Township 1.5 km, with an altitude of 760 meters. It was built in the 9th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (72 1), commonly known as Wacuiping. It has been repaired throughout the ages. In the seventh year of Ming Shun (1463), it was rebuilt and renamed Julong Temple in Qing Dynasty.

The temple has magnificent scenery, magnificent temples, lush bamboo forests and pleasant climate. It is one of the "four famous temples" in Fujian Province and is listed as the second scenic spot in Fujian Province. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there was also the praise of "two hundred monks, the first floor classics". There is Zhengjue Temple at the foot of Taiping Mountain in Changkou Village, Wanquan Township, Jiangle County. It was built in the third year of Tang Wude (AD 620), 288 years earlier than the Yongquan Temple in Gushan, Fuzhou. It is divided into three halls: upper hall, middle hall and lower hall, all of which are carved with Liang Lou, Zhai Tang, monk room, abbot room, reading room, guest room, release pool and Taiping Mountain gatehouse.

Guobao Temple, located in Jinchang Mountain, was built in 19921Liang Longde, with a building area of 1368 square meters. Elegant and solemn, it is a rare ancient palace-style building.

Jin construction

The architecture in Song Dynasty can be regarded as the softened architecture in Tang Dynasty, which has the status of connecting the past with the future. At this time, the reclining first appeared. The bucket arch technology in this period has been quite mature and varied, but its load-bearing function has been greatly weakened, and the ratio of arch height to column height is getting smaller and smaller.

Color paintings can be divided into three categories: multicolored clothes, turquoise paintings and earth ink brush decorations. During this period, the Aconitum Gate appeared, and the doors and windows of the house had wooden doors.

French window, lattice door, lattice threshold hook window, etc. The column base is covered with a basin, which is short and flat and has many patterns. The style of railings is thinner than that of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the image of wooden railings remains the same.

The famous ancient building in Sanming during this period is Longquan Temple, which is located in the northwest corner of the suburbs and only two or three kilometers away from Lexi Village. Longquan Temple, also known as Long Yuan Temple, is composed of Long Yuan Temple and Vatican Temple. It is not only solemn, but also interesting. There is Nanxi Academy in Shuinan, Youxi County, where Zhu, a Dali scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his father Zhu Song offered sacrifices. It was built in the first year of Jiaxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1237).

There used to be Wengong Temple, Zhai Wei Temple, Banmu Square Pond, Living Water Pavilion, Yuxiufang, Zundao Hall, etc. These were all destroyed by the fire, and now only a part of the pond and the pond are half an acre square.

Yuan dynasty architecture

Palace buildings in the Yuan Dynasty also inherited the tradition since the Tang and Song Dynasties, made new attempts in structure, adopted a large internal framework, boldly used falling columns, shifting columns, logs and bending materials, and were full of free and unrestrained character.

In the Yuan Dynasty, after the Song and Jin Dynasties, there were three halls in the front and three palaces in the back, and the handling method was that the Yuan Dynasty adopted the I-shaped system.

After the Yuan Dynasty, the decorative patterns tended to be plain and realistic, and the colors and patterns of palace buildings were carefully studied, with beautiful and gorgeous styles.

During this period, the famous buildings in Sanming included the Zhangyuxian Temple located outside the west gate of Shaxian County. It was built by later generations to worship Luo Congyan, and was first built in Zheng Zheng (13 14). The existing building was rebuilt in the sixth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1633), and Luo Congyan Memorial Hall was opened in 1993.

Ming and Qing architecture

Overview of architecture: In terms of architecture, the Ming and Qing Dynasties reached the last peak of traditional architecture in China, and the official architecture was due to the proportion of bucket arches.

The examples are reduced, the cornice depth is reduced, the proportion of columns is slender, the rising, side feet and tumbling are no longer used, and the proportion of beams and squares is heavier, thus showing a restrained but steady and rigorous style, refined architectural form and symbolic enhancement. Buildings of this period

Through the change of different enclosed spaces, the group highlights the main building by overlapping vertical expansion and left-right horizontal expansion of the courtyard. The buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties have obvious retro tendency, and the proportion of official buildings is reduced because of the form of bucket arch.

Small and short eaves, rising columns, side feet, and rolling kills no longer use the proportion of Liang Fang, and the soft line outline of the roof disappears, which is not as romantic as the Tang and Song Dynasties, but establishes a serious, stiff and tough tone, which is the official of the Ming Dynasty.

Work style construction has been highly standardized and stereotyped.

During this period, the famous building in Sanming was Anzhenbao, located in Huayantou Village, Xihua, Huainan Township, Yong 'an City. The building was built in the 11th year of Guangxu reign (1885) and completed in 14. It covers an area of about 1 10,000 square kilometers, with a building area of about 5,800 square kilometers. It is a rare large-scale residential building in Fujian, which is highly artistic and defensive. (See attached chart) There is the Chenghuang Temple located in Miao Wen Road, the east of Shaxian County, Sanming City. It is the most complete and largest ancient architectural complex in Shaxian County. There are Xingtian Temple built at the top of Xingtian Mountain in Guxian Village, Langkou Town, Sha County during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and Ganen Cemetery on the left side of Huaxi Shantang. Taining County has Shangshudi, with large scale, reasonable layout, unique architectural style and exquisite craftsmanship.