Cataract common sense

1. What is the knowledge about cataract?

The lens of the human eye is like a transparent lenticular lens, through which light converges on the retina. The lens is turbid, the light transmission will be affected, and things can't be seen clearly. This kind of lens opacity is called cataract. Cataract can be divided into developmental, traumatic, toxic, metabolic disorder, corticosteroid and after-onset. Developmental cataract, also known as congenital cataract, is endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous causes are related to fetal developmental disorders and are hereditary; External cause refers to the damage of lens caused by systemic diseases of mother or fetus, such as rubella, measles, chickenpox, mumps, hypoparathyroidism, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency and other viral infections. In the first six months of pregnancy, this may be caused by. The degeneration of protein, insoluble protein, the increase of sodium and calcium, the decrease of potassium and vitamin C and the deficiency of glutathione are the main causes of senile cataract. Crystalline protein is 85% water-soluble albumin, which can be converted into insoluble protein. The older you get, the more insoluble protein you have. In addition, the lack of vitamin C, the change of crystal PH value and the infiltration of some toxic substances into the crystal will all cause the denaturation of crystal protein and produce turbidity. For the elderly, the oxidative damage of lens is the initial factor of cataract formation, and the risk factors of cataract formation include excessive drinking, excessive smoking, excessive female fertility and some systemic diseases, but the causes of senile cataract formation are still not completely clear and need further study. Complicated cataract is lens opacity caused by some eye diseases, such as iridocyclitis, choroiditis, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, high myopia, suppurative corneal ulcer, old eye trauma and other eye diseases can all cause complicated cataract. Traumatic cataract includes mechanical, radiation and electric shock. Metabolic cataract is very common in clinic. Corticosteroid cataract is caused by long-term local or systemic use of corticosteroids. After cataract refers to the residual cortical and capsular opacification after extracapsular cataract extraction or linear cataract extraction.

2. What's the common sense about cataract?

(1) Will children get cataracts?

Many people think that cataract is a disease that people will have when they are old, but it is actually incorrect. Children may also have cataracts, including congenital cataracts, metabolic cataracts and traumatic cataracts.

(2) How do parents find out?

Parents should observe children's activities carefully. Children can't look and don't respond to light and toys. The pupil area is white and lacks light. When taking pictures, the pupils on both sides reflect light differently. Eyeball deflection, when looking at things, the eyeball can't be fixed and vibrates back and forth. Especially those with a family history of congenital cataract, parents should take their children to have an eye examination in time.

(3) Is congenital cataract hereditary?

There are two main types of congenital cataract: one is hereditary, accounting for about1/3 of all patients; The other is non-hereditary, because the mother is infected with virus, abnormal metabolism, exposure to radiation, poisoning and other factors during pregnancy, resulting in abnormal lens development. At present, rubella virus infection is the most common among congenital cataracts caused by various infectious factors, especially in the first three months of pregnancy. Congenital cataract is an important cause of blindness and amblyopia in children and must be paid attention to.

(4) Will children get cataracts?

Not all congenital cataracts need surgical treatment, depending on the impact of cataracts on vision. If there is little effect on vision, such as common coronary and punctate cataracts, surgery is generally not needed, and regular follow-up can be done; If the vision is obviously affected, such as total cataract, it is necessary to operate as soon as possible.

(5) When will congenital cataract be operated?

If the diagnosis of congenital cataract requires surgery, our principle is to operate as soon as possible. If it is a monocular cataract, it is best to operate within 1~2 months after birth. At present, it is considered that 6 months after birth is the key period of visual development. If beyond this stage, it is difficult to restore good vision even if the operation is successful. If it is binocular cataract, it is best not to exceed a few days between operations, otherwise deprivation amblyopia may occur in the second eye.

(6) After congenital cataract surgery, is your eyesight not good?

There are many reasons. Many children failed to get timely treatment and missed the critical period of visual development, which led to amblyopia. Many children also have brain abnormalities, such as mental retardation and inability to cooperate with postoperative treatment. Many children also suffer from other eye abnormalities, resulting in postoperative visual impairment. Some children have after cataract surgery, which will obviously affect their vision if they are not treated in time.

Baoding xinshi ophthalmology hospital

3. What's the common sense about cataract?

1. Will the elderly suffer from cataracts? Although the incidence of cataracts increases with age, not all elderly people will suffer from cataracts.

It can also be said that even if the elderly have more or less cataracts, not everyone's cataracts will obviously affect their vision, and not everyone needs surgery. 2. What is senile cataract? Intraocular lens opacity is called cataract.

Senile cataract often occurs in patients over 40~50 years old, and the lens itself gradually becomes cloudy, but no obvious cause has been found in the whole body and parts. Senile cataract is the most common type of acquired cataract, which often occurs bilaterally, successively or simultaneously, and lasts for months to years from onset to maturity.

3. What kind of people are prone to cataracts? Cataract is most common in the elderly over 55 years old, and its incidence increases with age, which is called senile cataract. In addition, cataracts are also common in patients with metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, eye trauma and eye inflammation and degenerative diseases.

Infants may also occur, especially children with a family history of congenital cataract. 4. Can senile cataract be prevented? At present, there is no exact prevention method for senile cataract.

However, wearing protective glasses outdoors and controlling the habits and diseases related to cataract, such as smoking, drinking, diabetes and hypertension, may play a certain role in the occurrence of senile cataract. 5. What is the cause of cataract? The exact cause of cataract is still unknown. At present, there are many reasons to consider, which may be related to age, excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays, genetic factors, metabolic abnormalities and so on. In addition, ionizing radiation, trauma, poisoning and local malnutrition may all lead to cataracts.

Baoding Xinshi Eye Hospital.

4. Cataract attention knowledge

If you are diagnosed with cataract, you can do surgery immediately, because now the technology is developed and there is an ultrasonic emulsification machine, no matter what kind of nucleus can be done;

During the treatment period, we should pay attention not to sleep on the side, sleep flat, eat more vegetables and eat less spicy food. Don't touch the eyes after operation with water (it will be clear after 2 weeks from the day of operation), and don't rub your eyes hard.

Under normal circumstances, there will be no sequelae after treatment, usually corneal edema, but it will be relieved in a few days.

Complications include common cyanotic leucorrhea (glaucoma complicated with cataract) and traumatic cataract.

If you have cataracts, your vision will be blurred or even invisible, just like blindness.

5. Cataract related knowledge

The initial symptoms of cataract are mainly visual impairment.

Early vision is slightly blurred, and I often can't feel it myself.

Only when the eyesight of both eyes (hyperopia and myopia) decreases gradually at the same time, or the eyesight decreases to a certain extent, will it attract attention.

If middle-aged people have mild visual impairment, or their eyes are easily tired, or there are black spots in front of them and they are fixed, or they have a foggy feeling in front of them, and they can't see clearly, or they have double vision (diplopia), they should pay attention.

In addition, some people wear reading glasses earlier, but occasionally they can see things clearly without reading glasses, which is also an early sign of cataract.

Others include low light perception when looking at objects caused by crystal turbidity and coloring; Low color perception when looking at colors; Poor dark adaptation and prolonged time are also early signs.

Cataract generally has two treatment schemes, one is surgical treatment. The advantage of surgical treatment is that the effect of postoperative vision recovery is better, but the cost is higher, depending on the different materials used. If you have surgery, you should also pay attention to the possibility of inducing some senile diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, cerebral thrombosis and diabetes. Therefore, it is generally not recommended for the elderly to have surgery.

The other is to use some functional eye drops, such as Jingliangyuan, for treatment. The advantage of eye drops treatment is that it costs less than surgery, and it is convenient and fast, and there is no requirement for age. The disadvantage is that the required course of treatment is longer and the vision recovery effect is not as good as that of surgery.

Pay attention to eye hygiene on weekdays, don't make your eyes too tired, and don't eat spicy and greasy food.

You can eat more foods that clear liver, nourish kidney and improve eyesight: foods rich in vitamin A, carrots, yellow-green vegetables, eggs, yellow fruits, spinach, pea seedlings, red sweet potatoes, green peppers, cod liver oil, animal liver, milk and dairy products.

The curative effect of Lycium barbarum has long been known, because it is rich in carotene, vitamin A, B 1, B2, C, calcium, iron and so on. It is an essential nutrient for healthy eyes.

Three dietotherapy formulas of Lycium barbarum;

1. Lycium barbarum+rice: adding a little sugar after cooking porridge can treat blurred vision and tears.

2. Lycium barbarum+chrysanthemum: Brewing with hot water can make your eyes relax and bright.

3. Lycium barbarum+pig liver: The soup has the functions of clearing away heat, eliminating eye astringency and eliminating dark circles caused by staying up late.

Cassia seed has the effects of clearing liver-fire, improving eyesight and moistening intestines, and can improve eye swelling and pain, redness and tears, and prevent visual impairment.

6. Senile cataract generally needs to pay attention to what can't be eaten.

1 to avoid excessive visual fatigue.

Pay attention to fatigue when using eyes, pay attention to the correct eye posture, distance and whether the light source is sufficient. Every hour or so, let your eyes relax, such as closing your eyes for recuperation, walking, looking at the sky or the distance, etc. Let your eyes have a rest.

Try not to read and work in the dark for a long time. 2. Avoid long-term excessive exposure to radiation.

Long-term exposure to long-wavelength ultraviolet rays will lead to chronic cumulative lens damage, thus inducing or accelerating the emergence and development of cataracts. Therefore, we should avoid working and studying under strong sunlight, light or other radiation rays, and wear colored glasses when outdoor activities to prevent direct radiation rays from reaching our eyes. 3, adhere to the regular * * * eyes.

You can do eye exercises and do eye acupoints, such as * * * eyesight, pupil bone, grandson, medical style and so on. Through * * *, it can accelerate the blood circulation of the eye, increase the immune factors in aqueous humor, improve the autoimmune of the eyeball, and thus delay the development of lens opacity.

4, pay attention to diet should be taboo. The occurrence of cataract is related to the lack of vitamin C, B6, amino acids and some trace elements in the lens. Eat more vegetables, fruits, fish, meat (animal liver) and eggs rich in these substances, and eat less spicy, fragrant, dry and greasy products, and quit smoking and drinking.

5. Keep a good mood. It is also very important to avoid emotional overexcitation, maintain a good mood, ensure the smooth flow of qi and blood and improve the body's disease resistance.

Usually, eye masks from various countries can be used for eye care. Active β factor and selenium are separated and extracted from dozens of traditional Chinese medicines in each country's eye patch. When this factor enters the lens, it will combine with protein in the lens. In addition, selenium also has a strong carbon oxidation effect, which can eliminate the garbage free radicals produced by capillary tissue in the eye during metabolism and successfully treat various eye diseases.