Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - What are the water vehicles?
What are the water vehicles?
Question 2: What ships, warships, aircraft carriers and destroyers are there on the marine vehicles?
Question 3: What means of transportation are there at sea? Ships, seaplanes, hovercraft and ground effect aircraft?
Question 4: What was the earliest invented water vehicle? The canoe unearthed in the Netherlands in 63 BC15 BC is the oldest Nordic canoe found so far, which should be about 8000 years ago.
Question 5: Ancient water vehicles and destination ships are the main water vehicles. Ancient ships are also varied. Needless to say, far away,
(1) In the Ming Dynasty, there were yellow boats (for imperial use), horse boats (for Sichuan and Yunnan horses and officials after Yongle moved its capital to Beijing), clippers (for naval warfare), seagoing boats (for western use), supply boats (for royal fishing) and Houhu boats (for sightseeing in Nanjing Houhu).
(2) In the Qing Dynasty, there were grain ships (used for water transportation), warships (also different from warships in the open sea and inland rivers), water mail ships (used for waterway post stations), boats to be dispatched (and sand boats, convenience boats, yellow clippers, louhu boats, xuanlou boats, river dispatching boats and other details for the government to send at any time) and lifeboats (specially used for emergency rescue of rivers and rapids).
(3) However, only yellow boats, grain boats, water mail boats and floating beam ferries can be seen in Beijing. The yellow boat, in the "Royal Transportation" section above, once talked about the dragon boat, which belongs to the yellow boat and so on. "Ming Hui Dian" contains: "At the beginning of the country, yellow boats were built, the size of which was imperial.
Grain carrier is a ship specially used for transporting grain.
A grain carrier at sea is called a sheltered boat, and a grain carrier on the river is called a shallow boat or a stripping boat. As the imperial capital of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing relied entirely on the southeast for food supply and financial resources. Therefore, in a sense, without large-scale grain transportation, there would be no historical position of Beijing as a Millennium imperial city. Because of this, there were many grain carriers in Beijing. At the beginning of Yongle, both ocean-sheltered ships transported by sea and shallow-water ships transported by canal could reach Tongzhou from zhi gu (now Tianjin). Later, only Jizhou's salary was transported by foreign-built ships, and the treasury grain in Beijing and Tongzhou was transported by shallow ships.
Shui Yi Ship is a special ship for waterway postal service. Do not record the style. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a water post in Tongzhou, and there must be a water post boat.
Floating-beam ferry is a kind of transportation mode that uses a boat as a bridge to cross the river and wade. According to volume 939 of Qing Zhengdian, in the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), "there were fifty bridge boats in Tongzhou, Shuntian, and six boats in Dinghe, Sanhe County." Since then, there are still 44 bridge boats in Tongzhou. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi (17 12), 22 years of ship dismantling of Tongzhou Bridge was the quota. Since then, there have been 22 bridge boats in Tongzhou. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), "there were 4 ferries on the Luanhe River in Gubeikou, which were handed over to the flood control officer." After five years of Qianlong (1740), the title was approved: "The Gubeikou Ferry in Zhili is rotten, and there is no second crossing, and the bridge boat is added 14." As a floating beam ferry, it needs to be durable and does not need careful decoration, so this kind of boat, like carriages and mules, is simple in style and labor-saving in production.
In a word, regardless of the yellow boat, grain boat, water mail boat and floating beam ferry, besides the water power when the water is smooth and the wind power when the wind is smooth, the boatman's pulling is the main means. In other words, it is still a kind of water transportation based on manpower.
Question 6: What means of transportation are available on the water depends on your usual use of boats, kayaks and the like. Under special circumstances, life jackets, wood and anything that floats on the water and can temporarily bear the load are included.
Question 7: What are the following commercial water vehicles? The canoe unearthed in the Netherlands in 63 BC15 BC is the oldest Nordic canoe found so far, which should be about 8000 years ago.
Question 8: What is the name of the water transportation in Venice, Italy? "gondola" is a major feature of Venice. It is said that the production is rigorous and exquisite: length 1 1 m, width1.5 m. It is made of oak board and painted with black paint seven times. It was full of six people, plus a boatman. In ancient times, the scenes of daily life in Venice vaguely emerged.
Venice gondola
The unique Venetian ship has a unique name-"gondola". This light, slender and unique ship has a history of 1000 years. It has always been a means of transportation for Venetians living in lagoons. It is said that in the 7th century, the first governor named the ship "gondola" (first mentioned in 1094).
Why it is called "gondola" cannot be verified now, and it may come from the Greek kondyle, meaning canoe; Or kondoura, the name of a ship; It may also come from the Latin cymbula, that is, ship. Gondola was made by Venetian craftsmen according to the ancient oral tradition. This small pointed boat was not exactly like today in ancient times. 15th century and16th century paintings depict that gondolas were relatively flat at that time, and the stern and bow were not as high as they are now. Bright patterns are painted on both sides of the ship, and some of them are decorated with expensive ornaments. Noble families use this to show off their family status and compare with each other.
There are two parts of this ship that can embody the imagination of craftsmen. One is a handsome bow, much like the six-toothed halberd used in 15 and16th century. (Each tooth represents a district of Venice), and the other tooth is Ionian Stern. /kloc-In the 0/8th century, the shape and size of this Venetian pointed boat will gradually be fixed as we are today (in the past, there were also big boats in gondola, and several rowers rowed together).
Today, this ship is generally10.75m long and10.75m wide. The flat bottom of the boat is asymmetric, and the balance of the boat can be maintained only by one side. Gondola boatmen now only wear striped tight knit tops and a straw hat. In the past, boatmen's uniforms were very strange and elegant. When rowing, the boatman stood at the stern, and a long single paddle was placed on the curved paddle rack.
1562, the Venetian Senate issued a ban: no decorations showing off family status are allowed on pointed boats, and the installed ones must be removed, and all gondolas are painted black. The only decoration left is the bow panel. As a result, at first glance, the lagoon was all black, and the gondola matched the green lake beautifully. Once upon a time, there was a movable roof in the middle cabin of a gondola to shelter passengers from the wind and rain. Some canopies have small windows and sliding doors. Later, this awning also disappeared. Today, gondola still travels on the Venetian rivers, but its number is only one twentieth of that of18th century. Happily, small shipyards like San trova Suo are still building and repairing these ships, which makes this ancient Venetian tradition spread.
Question 9: The canoe is the earliest water vehicle invented by China. . . . . . . . . . .
Question 10: What are sampans, sailboats, submarines, aircraft carriers, passenger ships, cargo ships, cruise ships, hovercraft, hydrofoils and offshore drilling platforms?
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