Who invented the spinning machine?

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, more and more British goods were sold overseas, and the production technology of handicraft workshops was in short supply. In order to increase output, people try their best to improve production technology. In the field of cotton textile, people first invented a weaving tool called flying shuttle, which greatly accelerated the weaving speed and stimulated the demand for cotton yarn. 65438+In 1960s, Hargreaves, the weaver, invented the hand spinning machine of Jenny Machine. Jenny can spin a lot of cotton thread at a time, which greatly improves the productivity.

The appearance of Jenny machine marked the beginning of the British industrial revolution. The appearance of Jenny machine enabled a large-scale weaving factory to be established.

Jenny's spinning ability is eight times higher than that of the old spinning wheel, but she still needs manpower.

The British industrial revolution, which influenced the course of world history, was kicked out by one person and then began. This story is still true!

It starts with a day in 1764. James hargreaves, a textile worker in Lancashire, England, came home that night. When he opened the door, he accidentally kicked over the spinning machine that his wife was using. His first reaction was to straighten the spinning machine quickly. But when he bent down, he suddenly froze. It turned out that he saw that the spinning machine that had been kicked down was still turning, but the spindle that had been horizontal was now upright. It suddenly occurred to him that if several spindles were arranged vertically and driven by a spinning wheel, wouldn't it be possible to spin more yarns at one time? Hargreaves was very excited and immediately tried to do so. The next year, he built a new spinning machine, and one spinning wheel drove eight vertical spindles, which improved the efficiency eight times at once. 1764 made a spinning machine named after her daughter Jenny. This is the earliest multi-spindle manual spinning machine, equipped with eight spindles, which are fed by rollers. Suitable for spinning cotton, wool and hemp fibers. The appearance of Jenny spinning machine caused the panic of a large number of manual spinning machines at that time. They rushed into Hargreaves' house and destroyed the machine. 1768 J. Hargreaves and others set up a spinning workshop in Nottingham to produce knitting yarn with Jenny spinning machine. Because he failed to apply for a patent in those years, he had to make his own Jenny machine to make money. Jenny machine is not only efficient, but also has better yarn quality, so Hargreaves' business is good and Jenny machine is gradually popularized.

That night, after dinner, Mr. and Mrs. Hargreaves talked about the growing wealth that Jenny brought them. Suddenly a rush of footsteps appeared at his door, then the door was violently knocked down and a group of angry men and women rushed in. They couldn't help saying that they destroyed all the Jenny machines made in the room: "Go to hell with the harmful machines you made!" Someone even set fire to Hargreaves' house. The couple were driven out of a small town in Lancashire.

It turns out that after the British industrial revolution, a large number of farmers who lost their land flooded into cities to work for factory owners to make a living. At that time, the British occupied India as a colony, and the cotton textiles produced in India were cheap and popular for a while, which triggered the prosperity of the British cotton spinning industry. However, due to the invention of shuttle technology by mechanic Kay, the productivity of textile machinery has been greatly improved The cotton yarn needed for weaving is still slowly spun by spinning wheels of many household handicrafts. Therefore, cotton yarn is in short supply and the purchase price is higher. The invention of "Jenny machine" increased the output of cotton yarn, so the price of cotton yarn purchased by weaving mills fell. Those spinning workers who don't use Jenny machines not only have low output, but also can't sell at a good price. After a long time, their anger broke out and the scene of destroying the plane happened.

Mr. and Mrs. Hargreaves had to live in the streets of Nottingham, but they still tried to improve Jenny's machine.

1768, Hargreaves obtained the patent; By 1784, "Jenny machine" has been increased to 80 spindles. Four years later, there were 20,000 Jenny machines in Britain.

The industrial revolution constantly spawned new inventions. 1769, Richard Acre invented the spool spinning machine. Using hydraulic drive, without manual operation, the spun yarn is strong and strong, which solves the technical problem of producing pure cotton cloth. However, the hydraulic spinning machine is very large, and it needs to build a very high factory building, and it must be built by the river, with a large number of workers operating centrally. So, at 177 1, he set up a factory with 300 workers; Ten years later, the number of workers increased to 600. In this way, the textile industry has gradually transformed from a manual workshop to a factory industry. By 1800, there are 300 such factories in Britain. But the yarn spun by this machine is too thick and needs to be improved.

Samuel Crampe, a child laborer, invented the spinning machine in 1779. It combines the characteristics of Jenny machine and hydraulic spinning machine, and is also called walking spindle spinning machine. The cotton yarn spun by this machine is soft, delicate and strong, and it is applied quickly. By 1800, there will be 600 spinning mills in Britain.

The great development of British textile industry makes it seem backward. 1785, Paster Cartwright invented the hydraulic loom, which improved the weaving efficiency by 40 times. By 1800, the British cotton spinning industry has basically realized mechanization.

Spinning machines and looms are driven by water, which makes the factory must be built by the river, and because of the seasonal difference of river water, the production is unstable, which urges people to develop new power-driven machinery. 1785, Watt's improved steam engine began to be used as the power of textile machinery, and it quickly spread, causing the climax of the first scientific and technological and industrial revolution, and mankind entered the steam machine and era. By 1830, the whole cotton textile industry in Britain had basically completed the transformation from workshop handicraft industry to machine industry driven by steam engine.

Since the textile industry, steam engines have been widely used as power in mining, metallurgy, grinding, manufacturing, transportation and other industries. 1807, American Fulton invented the steamboat. 18 14 years, the British Stevenson invented the train. In the 1940s 19, Britain's major industries had adopted machines, completed industrial modernization, and became the first industrialized capitalist country in the world.

In this way, the industrial revolution from workshop handicraft industry to machine industry began with the textile industry in Britain. Then, the advanced technology of industrial revolution was widely absorbed and adopted by the United States, France, Germany, Russia and other European and American powers, which greatly improved labor productivity, promoted the development of commerce and transportation, accelerated the process of urbanization and greatly changed human life.