What are the commonly used midwifery techniques when cows are dystocia?

Dystocia surgery can be divided into dystocia fetal surgery (traction, correction, fetal amputation) and dystocia female animal surgery (caesarean section, laparotomy).

1. Traction

A method of pulling the front of fetus to rescue dystocia. It is suitable for cases where the fetus is too large, the uterus contraction of the female animal is weak, the birth canal is mild and the fetal position is slightly abnormal, and the cause of dystocia has been corrected by orthopedic surgery.

At birth, drag two front legs and head. When the front legs and head have passed through the vulva, only tow the two front legs. The traction rope should be tied to the ball joints of the two legs. When you stand upside down, after tying the obstetric rope to the ball joint, pull one leg first, and then pull the other leg in turn, so that the two hip nodules pass through the pelvis slightly obliquely. If the fetal hip is blocked by the side wall when passing through the maternal pelvic entrance, the vertical diameter of the maternal pelvic entrance can be larger than the widest part of the fetal hip, and the fetal hind leg can be twisted to make its hip sideways, that is, it can pass.

Pay attention to the following items when towing:

(1) The direction, position and posture of the fetus must be corrected as much as possible before traction can be carried out, otherwise the calf cannot be pulled out, and the birth canal may be damaged.

(2) Before traction, lubricant must be injected into the birth canal.

(3) Pay attention to the efforts of the mother beast and pay attention to the rhythm when towing.

(4) When pulling out, we should not only prevent the live fetus from being damaged, but also consider the physiological characteristics of the pelvis to prevent the soft birth canal from being damaged along the pelvic axis.

(5) During traction, be sure to observe at any time and master the direction and progress of traction. If traction is ineffective, stop immediately, carefully check the birth canal and fetus, determine the cause and take measures.

2. Orthopedic surgery

The midwifery method of changing abnormal fetal position, fetal direction and fetal potential into normal fetal position, fetal direction and fetal potential. It is suitable for dystocia caused by fetal position, fetal position and abnormal fetal position.

Commonly used methods are:

(1) correction

Use hands or instruments to correct abnormal fetal posture, such as head and neck torsion, lateral position, inferior position, etc.

(2) Push back

It is to push the front of the fetus that has entered the birth canal back into the uterus with bare hands or instruments, which is convenient for correction. For less serious fetal position abnormalities, you can do it by hand; For serious abnormal fetal position, it is often necessary to cooperate with instruments.

(3) straightening

It is to straighten the head, neck or limbs of the fetus to make it a normal posture for natural childbirth. Obstetric ropes, obstetric hooks and obstetric stilts are commonly used.

3. Fetal amputation

Surgery to dismember or remove a part of a fetus in order to reduce its size.

This operation is suitable for cases where orthopedic surgery can't or can't succeed, the fetus dies, the birth canal can pass, and some fetuses are abnormal, so as to protect the female livestock from caesarean section.

Fetal amputation can be divided into subcutaneous method and open method. Subcutaneous method, also called covering method, is to peel off the skin before cutting off a part of the fetus. After cutting, the skin is left on the body to cover the broken end to avoid damaging the mother, and can also be used to pull out the fetus. The open method is to cut off a part directly, leaving no skin.

(1) head reduction

It is suitable for dystocia caused by hydrocephalus in brain cavity, oversized head, double-headed and double-sided deformity, scoliosis in head and neck and other cranial cavity abnormalities.

(2) Head amputation

When the fetal head is too large and the lip extends into the abdominal cavity, first make a deep and long incision on the skin behind the ear as far as possible, put the wire saw into the incision, then put the front end of the saw tube into the fetal opening, cut the fetal head in half, take out the upper part first, and then protect the slice to pull out the fetus.

(3) Mandibular amputation

It is suitable for anteroposterior position or anteroposterior position. After head and neck correction, the head is still in lateral position, and the angle from the frontal angle to the mandibular angle is larger than the middle and transverse diameter of the entrance of the bovine pelvis, so it is difficult to pass, and the fetal head cannot be twisted normally, that is, the mandible must be destroyed to make the head smaller.

(4) Head amputation

When the shoulders extend forward and the fetal head extends out of the vulva, it is necessary to return the fetus to the palace to correct the front legs. If you can't push your head back, cut it off. When the fetal head is in the occipital position and has reached the vulva, the soft tissue of occipitoatlantoaxial joint can be cut with a knife and the head can be cut off with a hook.

(5) head and neck amputation

When the fetal position is abnormal (head and neck bend sideways, downward bend, upward bend, etc.). ), when the uterus contracts the fetus or the fetus has emphysema, and it is difficult to be effective through corrective surgery, fetal amputation can be performed; The head is normal, but in order to make room in the birth canal for follow-up work, fetal amputation can also be done; In addition, because the pelvis is too small, it is difficult for the head and neck and forelimbs to pass through the birth canal at the same time, so fetal amputation can be used.

(6) Forelimb amputation

Suitable for the correction of neck deformity after forelimb resection; The forelimbs bend under the body; Fetal emphysema or uterine wall contraction is difficult to correct; When the fetus is too big or swollen, and internal organs are removed to reduce its size. When the shoulder is in front and the fetus cannot be pushed forward to correct the front leg, the front head and neck can be cut off first to make room for the birth canal, and then the front leg with the shoulder in front can be cut off; In the case of abnormal fetal position such as scoliosis of head and neck, this operation can be used to remove the front leg to make room for the follow-up operation.

(7) Wrist amputation

It is suitable for cutting off the lower wrist and straightening the front leg in the front position of the wrist (that is, bending the wrist); The front legs are straight and other parts are abnormal, making room for other operations.

(8) Leg amputation

In the case of anterior ischium, when the straight hind limb can not be corrected, the hind limb can be amputated; It is also suitable for fetal pelvic enlargement and creates conditions for pre-pelvic surgery.

(9) Tatar joint amputation

When the tarsal part is in front, use this operation to straighten the hind legs; When the hind leg is straight, the lower tarsal bone is cut off to prepare for the later operation. You can also try this operation when the fetus is deformed.

(10) Chest reduction

When the fetus is too large, the whole body is edema and the birth canal is narrow. Because the fetal chest is too big to pass the pelvis; This operation can also be used to further reduce the volume of the forelimb when it is turned over. This operation includes evisceration and rib destruction.

(1 1) precursor amputation

This operation is to completely cut the front part from the waist.

(12) Enlarge the photo

It is suitable for back transverse, abdomen transverse and back vertical that cannot be corrected. The saw blade or steel rope is sleeved behind the rib arch, which is easy to do when the fetal hindquarters are close to the pelvic entrance. When the hindquarters are far away from the pelvic entrance, they must be pulled closer with hooks; When the fetal abdomen is large and it is difficult to place the saw blade, the abdominal wall can be cut first, and the internal organs can be taken out to contract the abdomen.

4. Cesarean section

Refers to cutting the abdominal wall and uterus to take out the fetus. It is suitable for severe abnormality of fetal position, position or direction, or fetal malformation, which makes it difficult to perform fetal amputation; Premature mating, pelvic stenosis, severe vaginal edema caused by long-term midwifery, cervical and vaginal scar contraction, soft birth canal stenosis, uterine hernia, uterine torsion or uterine rupture during midwifery; Fetal oversize, twin dystocia, fetal emphysema, hydrocephalus and fetal giant mummy, when other methods are difficult to work; After the expiration of pregnancy, due to other diseases, life is dying, and it is necessary to rescue young animals by caesarean section. However, when dystocia has lasted for a long time, the fetus rots, the uterus causes inflammation, and the cows are generally in poor condition, it is necessary to be cautious to determine caesarean section.

5. Incision of vulva

Also known as lateral incision, it is a simple method to treat dystocia, especially when the heifer is dystocia, in order to avoid perineal tear. Suitable for vulva is obviously the reason to prevent fetal discharge; When the vulva obviously hinders correction or traction; When the fetus is too big or huge; Due to injury, the vulva is not fully developed or expanded. Note that after the fetus is taken out, the wound must be cleaned immediately for suture, and the suture must be smooth.