Analysis of the mode of operation of the express

Introduction: Express Express mode of operation seems to be summarized very simple, that is, the customer interaction of the five modes + internal network of the two modes, but the mode is just an outline, to facilitate people to recognize and understand it, the real operation is reflected in the details of the design, which is the most embodied level of the place, and also the most lack of ability of the domestic companies.

Express Express mode of operation is also very simple to say, there are only two points:

One is the mode of interaction with the customer, that is, how the goods in the customer and the logistics company between the handover

Second is the internal sorting and transit mode, that is, how the goods from the city of origin to the destination city

Interaction with the customer mode of innovation is now more, but the comprehensive There are only a few points:

1, door-to-door pickup and delivery: that is, the courier industry's most basic and major mode, door-to-door service, courier door-to-door pickup and delivery;

2, customer to the outlet to receive and shipment: it can be said to be the most traditional model of the LTL freight (whether it is the steamshipment, railroads, or air cargo), which is the most traditional mode. ) of the most traditional mode, that is, the consignor delivery to the logistics company's outlets, the consignee from the logistics company's outlets to pick up their own goods. The courier's stay station self-pickup is also this mode

3, convenience store mode: relying on the streets and alleys of the 24-hour convenience stores, the city distribution station and then subdivided into different convenience stores, the customer to pick up and deliver the pieces of the convenience store, or convenience stores to bear the final pick-up and delivery of the pieces of the logistics company, or logistics company's delivery staff relying on the convenience store to complete the final 'pick-up and delivery of the pieces of the work. This way although it sounds relatively new, but in fact Japan has long been to? The name of this method has been practiced in Japan for a long time. The name of the practice. The most famous in China is the Shunfeng convenience store, and now the rise of the cat house can also be categorized here.

4, self-service cabinet mode: should be born out of the old mailboxes, but borrowed from the various types of shopping, leisure and entertainment sports venues self-service lockers in the shape and technology, and self-service lockers is the biggest difference is that the self-service courier cabinets to put something and take something is not equal to the process of putting something is centralized one-time into, and take is more than one person different time to special Credentials (cell phone verification code and so on) to withdraw. There are many limitations of self-service lockers, such as generally only one-way (two-way is too difficult), limited volume, many disputes over parcel status, etc.? Actually, P.O. Boxes also have the characteristics and limitations mentioned here. In addition, some cities net food distribution is also taking this model.

5, centralized pickup and distribution mode: This mode is the city *** with the concept of distribution, or the usual way of colleges and universities centralized pickup point. That is, no matter which logistics company's goods, in the most terminal is by the same entity or in the same location to complete the pickup and delivery tasks. The use of the same entity, is the city *** with distribution; in the same location, is the centralized pickup point approach. This model is somewhat similar to the door-to-door pickup and delivery (city **** with the distribution can also achieve the effect of door-to-door) and convenience store mode (convenience stores are also in the same location), but the difference is that this model is limited to the city or the school's administrative interventions and is not a result of free choice and competition in the market, in other words, the emergence of this model is not to a large extent the choice of the logistics company is derived from the administrative orders, and that is its best feature.

I can think of and customer interaction mode is basically these points, of course, the actual application of a variety of ways in parallel, according to the local conditions, open the company to make money, there is no need to hang in a tree.

Another point is the internal sorting and forwarding mode, which should be very very very important part of the operation, I do not have the data, can not say this link in the overall cost of express express transportation accounted for how much, but there is a simple example can be seen, SF a piece of off-site express 22 yuan, even if the pickup and delivery of pieces of each take 2 yuan (the cost of interaction end), then there are still 16 yuan that is, 80% of the cost and profit generated in this intermediary! The cost and profit generated in this intermediate link? Of course, a lot of the courier's equipment is also in this 16 yuan, but that can not be further broken down, the lack of data to support ah?

Back to the internal sorting and forwarding mode, from the operation or operation (Operation) point of view, if from the management point of view, is the company's network organization (topology). The content is all about how the network of the flow of goods is organized, how the various nodes are connected. Topology is summarized more simply, in fact, there are two kinds, one is the center of the hub-and-spoke structure (Hub-Spoke), the other is a point-to-point connection structure.

Hub-Spoke , i.e., individual sub-nodes are connected through a central site, forming a network structure in the shape of a bicycle wheel. This concept was proposed by FedEx founder Smith and pioneered the practice, can greatly simplify the complex network under the transportation organization problem, counted as an innovation? Perhaps because of this, he was able to get venture capital in the 1970s to carry out this business.

Of course, the beginning of the center spoke structure only a center, such as FedEx's super transit center Memphis, but with the expansion of the network and the expansion of the region, a central node is bound to bring a geometric progression of management difficulty increases, so slowly everyone began to build regional or regional center nodes, and then between the regional center nodes and then establish a link, so that you can achieve operational efficiency, management difficulty and cost balance. In China, due to the limitations of the means of transportation (including airspace control), SF, Deppon are weakening the concept of the center node, and changed to a multi-center system. To put it more graphically, when FedEx was first established, it was a big wheel, and then turned into three big wheels (Memphis, Paris, Guangzhou); and SF, it is a number of small and medium-sized wheels, such as Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Beijing, Chengdu, Wuxi, Linyi and so on.

Another mode of operation is now used by most courier companies, LTL companies, franchised highway express companies, point-to-point connection mode, that is, the various sub-nodes connected to each other two by two through the independent line, whose transport routes basically increase in the form of permutations. Simply put, if the company has only 2 points, then the transportation on 2 (2 points of interoperability); and if there are 3 points, then the transportation line becomes 6; 4 points 12; 5 points 20; all the provincial capitals of the country at 31 points there are 930 lines; the country's 332 prefecture-level administrative divisions between the nearly 110,000 lines will be generated; 2,853 county-level administrative units between the generation of 813 million lines. The difficulty of this kind of transportation organization is absolutely unimaginable. In the 2014 Lingnan Forum of Transportation Media, CardWorld said that the difficulty of integrating their operation system with thousands of lines is due to the point-to-point connection mode of its topology. But in fact, not only the integration of the time, in the later maintenance, management and expansion, there will be more problems, even in the era of big data, can not be completely through the IT system to solve the problem.

The point-to-point model is very advantageous when operating on a small scale, with a simple structure, low cost, high timeliness, no excess transportation and multiple sorting and loading, which is exactly the most basic reason why it can naturally evolve and exist, but in the case of large-scale operations, it is unrealistic to adopt this model for the whole network, and therefore, either it is transformed into a hub-and-spoke model or it is difficult to develop. Now blossomed but no one can stand out franchise-type road express company, in the management is facing such a problem, only now no one seems to recognize where the real bottleneck.

Express Express mode of operation seems to be summarized very simple, is the customer interaction of the five modes + internal network of the two modes, but the model is just the outline of the convenience of people to recognize and understand it, the real operation is reflected in the details of the design, which is the most reflective of the level of the place, but also the domestic companies are the lack of the most ability.