What nationality does Dongyi Xirong, Nanman and Beidi refer to?

Dongyi is a general term for the oriental nationalities in China, not a specific nationality. Also known as Zhu Yi, Siyi, Dongyi, Yi Xi, Nanyi and Jiuyi. With the integration of Dongyi and Huaxia, after the Han Dynasty, Dongyi later became the collective name of Japan and other eastern countries. Yi language has multiple meanings. Its main meaning is "Ping". Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty said that variant characters "follow the big bow". It is said that Dongyi people first invented bows and arrows and were good at archery. So there is a saying that "Dongyi" is an oriental archer. However, in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Yi people in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen were actually corpses or herringbone shapes, which had nothing to do with bows. Therefore, the theory that Yi people are regarded as archers according to the word "Cong Dagong" may have started in the Han Dynasty.

The title of Xirong originated from the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou people claimed to be Huaxia, so they called the people around Huaxia Dongyi, Nanman, Xirong and Beidi respectively to distinguish Huaxia. Xirong is a general term for the western minorities in ancient China.

The appellation of Nan Man was first recorded in the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou people called themselves "Huaxia", so they called the people around China Dongyi, Nanman, Xirong and Beidi respectively to distinguish China, and the ethnic minorities living in southern China in the pre-Qin period were collectively called "Nanman".

The title of the Northern Emperor originated from the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou people claimed to be Huaxia, so they called the people around Huaxia Dongyi, Nanman, Xirong and Beidi respectively to distinguish Huaxia. Beidi is a general term for northern minorities in ancient China.