What are the characteristics of Anqing's geographical environment, history, culture and customs?

Anqing, a central city in the southwest of Anhui Province, is one of the key cities of "Wanjiang Development" in Anhui Province, a famous port city along the Yangtze River, the birthplace of China's national industry and the hometown of China's traditional drama Huangmei Opera. It has the reputation of "the first state of Wuchu in the Yangtze River", with petrochemical, textile and food, building materials, machinery and electronics as its four pillar industries. It has a long history and was the old country of Anhui more than 2000 years ago. Anhui province is called "Anhui" for short. Anqing has a history of 782 years since 12 17 was founded. Anqing, as the capital of Anhui Province, has a history of more than 200 years since it was founded in the sixth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1667).

1. Basic market conditions

1. 1 location flow

Anqing is located at 29 47'-317' north latitude and115 46'-117 44' east longitude, bordering Chizhou and Tongling in Anhui province. It borders the Yangtze River in the south and is connected with Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Huangmei, Qichun and Yingshan counties in western Hubei Province; It is bordered by Lu 'an City and Chaohu City in Anhui Province in the north. Anqing, located in the golden waterway of the Nanjing-Han Yangtze River, is the central link city connecting Wuhan and Nanjing. It has always been the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and an important military strategic location. It has the reputation of "the first state of Wu and Chu in the Yangtze River". Because of its important military strategy and Zhang's strong recommendation, it was recommended in the sixth year of Kangxi (1667). Anqing was the capital of Anhui Province for more than 200 years before the 1940s. Because of its important position in politics, economy, culture and military affairs, Anqing was once listed as the "Five Tigers of the Yangtze River" city in China along with Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and Chongqing. Anqing is one of the key industrial cities of "Wanjiang Development" in Anhui Province and one of the top ten port cities of the Yangtze River, which can be navigable for 5,000 years. On the highway side, Anqing is the intersection of East-West Landscape Avenue 3 18 National Highway (from China National Geographic Magazine) and North-South Avenue 206 National Highway, where many expressway meet, and the Anqing Yangtze River Bridge was built. In terms of railways, Hejiu Railway runs through five counties (cities) in China and is connected with Dajingju Railway. With the acceleration of Ning 'an intercity construction, the planning and construction of Anqing section of He 'an intercity railway. It will greatly shorten and strengthen the military defense and economic ties between Anqing and major cities in the Yangtze River Delta region. By then, it will take only two hours from Anqing to Nanjing and four hours to Shanghai by land and rail transportation. In terms of civil aviation, anqing tianzhushan airport has opened routes to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xiamen.

1.2 human history

Anqing

Anqing has a long history and is a national historical and cultural city. The Neolithic cultural sites, such as Xuejiagang and Zhangsidun, have witnessed the ancestors of Anqing thriving in this beautiful and rich land since ancient times. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Anqing was the seat of ancient Anhui, and Anhui Province was called "Anhui" for short. In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 147), Zhou Shude's Qing army was changed to Zhou Shu 'an Qing. Anqing got its name from this. Anqing city was founded in 12 17, with a history of nearly 800 years. Guo Pu, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once said that "the city should be built here", so Anqing was also nicknamed "Yicheng". From the 25th year of Qing Qianlong (1760) to the 26th year of the Republic of China (1760), China was one of the cities that accepted modern civilization earlier. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1), in order to suppress the vigorous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, he also "learned from foreigners to control foreigners". China's first gun, the first steam engine and the first motorboat were built by the Anqing Ordnance Institute founded by Zeng Guofan. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Chen Duxiu held a lecture in Anqing Library and founded Anhui Daily in Wuhu, trying to raise the banner of "new culture" for the first time. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907) and the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), Xu Xilin's School Patrol Uprising and Xiongpao Camp Uprising took place successively, and the first shots of the Revolution of 1911 and the New Army Uprising were fired successively. After Anqing became the first provincial capital in the history of Anhui Province, the first power plant, the first waterworks, the first telegraph office, the first telephone, the first government-run highway, the first airport, the first modern library, the first university and the first newspaper in Anhui Province were born here as supporting facilities for the provincial capital. Anqing is known as "the country of culture", "the hometown of drama" and "the holy land of Zen". The place where famous stories such as "Liuchi Lane" took place is the hometown of Tongcheng School, which ruled China literary world for nearly 300 years, the cradle of the growth of Huiban represented by Cheng Changgeng, the originator of Beijing Opera, and the place where Huangmei Opera was formed and developed. It is also the hometown of China New Culture Movement pioneer Chen Duxiu, Buddhist leader Zhao Puchu, Taoist leader Chen Yingning, "Father of Two Bombs" Deng Jiaxian, China "Father of Computers" Ci Yungui, "General Diplomat" Huang Zhen, "Acrobatic Queen" Xia Juhua, and popular novel master Zhang Henshui, who have influenced China and enjoyed a world-renowned reputation. Ancient Huizhou culture, Zen culture, opera culture and Tongcheng culture complement each other here and form a unique place.

1.3 ecological environment

Anqing is a national garden city with excellent ecology and beautiful environment, with Longshan in the north, Yangtze River in the south, Anhe Lake in the west and Shitang Lake, Pogang Lake, Lion Mountain, Phoenix Mountain, Linghu Lake and Qintan Lake in the east. The whole city is like a big garden. The Dalongshan-Shitang Lake scenic spot in the north of the city has mountain view, water view, stone view and tree view. Chen Duxiu cemetery in the west of the city is quiet, elegant and solemn, which makes people sigh; The Bund Park and Qiaotou Park, which are built on the south bank of the city, stretch for nearly ten kilometers, forming a beautiful landscape; The ancient buildings in the city, such as "Shitai Stone Dike", "Tanhua Dike" and "British Palace of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", have maintained the typical architectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In particular, Linghu Park with a long history is connected with Lianhu Park, John Wan Park and Linghu Scenic Area built in recent years, with a total area of nearly five square kilometers, comparable to Hangzhou West Lake; Cultural Square, Huangmei Opera Art Center, Deng Memorial Hall, Huangmei Pavilion, Bloody Clothes Pavilion, Japanese Sakura Garden, Huizhou Bonsai Garden, Memorial Hall, Science and Technology Museum, Gymnasium, Library and other buildings, as well as statues of Deng, Deng Jiaxian and others, have added a layer of humanistic atmosphere. At present, the urban greening coverage rate has reached 38.26%, and the green space rate has reached 35.66%. The per capita green area is 8.03 square meters. However, due to extensive economic's growth mode of "sacrificing the environment for economic benefits" in the past, Anqing's overall ecological environment deteriorated. For example, the surrounding environment of Huating Dagou in Anqing is very poor!

1.4 natural disasters

Anqing flood control Tongma levee

Anqing is the second most frequent area of drought and flood disasters in the province (second only to Fuyang and Zhengyangguan). Taking a drought as a drought ten days and a waterlogging ten days as a waterlogging ten days, there are 8 ~ 10 days of drought or waterlogging every year, accounting for 22 ~ 27% of the whole year, and there are 50 days of heavy waterlogging or drought. The years of drought and flood are about 70 ~ 95% of a year. Drought is the most common in autumn, followed by summer, followed by winter and the least in spring. Waterlogging is mainly concentrated in summer. From late April to late June, flooding is more than drought, especially in late June, which is more than 1 times than drought. After the rainy season ended in mid-July, there were more droughts than floods.

1.5 current main leaders

At present, he is the secretary of Anqing Municipal Committee of China * * * Production Party, the director of the Standing Committee of Anqing Municipal People's Congress, and the secretary of the Party Committee of Anqing Military Division. He is the mayor of Anqing Municipal People's Government.

1.6 urban competitiveness

At present, according to the statistics of China Academy of Social Sciences 20 10, Anqing's comprehensive competitiveness ranks sixth in Anhui Province, behind Hefei, Wuhu, Maanshan, Tongling and Bengbu.

1.7 urban development

As early as the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen, a famous revolutionary forerunner, put forward in the Outline of the Founding of the People's Republic of China that Anqing City should be vigorously built in Anhui, and two cities should be developed across the river to form a city roughly equivalent to Wuhan and Nanjing, forming a strong radiation force and promoting the development of southern Anhui. After the founding of New China, Mao Zedong, Li Peng, Zhu Rongji, Hui Liangyu, Wu Yi and other party and state leaders visited Anqing successively. They are very concerned about the economic development of Anqing. However, due to frequent natural disasters, citizens' economic innovation ability is weak, the provincial capital has moved, and Anqing has become a prefecture-level city. At present, Anqing has been repositioned as one of the three major regional central cities, one of the three major industrial clusters and one of the six major transportation hubs in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's the State Council. Create a regional central city that will drive southwest Anhui and radiate the border areas of Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei. The development of Anqing is not only included in the important axis of Wanjiang city belt, but also included in the overall pattern of national development. But Anqing's economy is relatively backward in the whole province now, which is a little far from the planned goal, and it still needs a long way to achieve it! However, we firmly believe that Anqing in the future (about 10 years later) will be gradually built into a river-crossing city covering Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces with complete industrial layout.

1.8 Anqing dialect

Because Anqing is located at the junction of Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, there are regional differences in Anqing dialect. Anqing dialect contains some characteristics of Chu dialect, Gan dialect and Jianghuai dialect, and at the same time, it is mixed with various dialects, forming a unique local color.

Edit paragraph 2. human geography

2. 1 name source

During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Anqing was the seat of ancient Anhui, where "Wan" means "Beauty" and "Wan Shan Wan Shui" means "Splendid Rivers and Mountains". There is Tianzhu Mountain in Qianshan County, Anhui Province, which is also the highest mountain in Dabie Mountain. In ancient times, it was the fief of Anhui and Dr. Wanbo, and Tianzhu Mountain was also called Wanshan (Wangong Mountain). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made a southern tour and sealed Tianzhu Mountain, which was called "Wan Gong Mountain" and Wancheng. Anhui province is called "Anhui" for short, which comes from it. In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 147), Zhou Shude's Qing army was changed to Zhou Shuan's Qing army, hence the name "Anqing". Anqing City was founded in 12 17, with a history of nearly 800 years. Guo Pu, a poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

2.2 Architectural evolution

Ancient map of Anqing Fucheng

The name of Anqing began in the seventeenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 147), when the name "Deqing Army changed to Anqing Army" appeared, which was composed of Tongan County (established in the third year of Sui Daye, now Tongcheng) and Deqing Army (established in the fifth year of Northern Song Dynasty, located in Huaining, the ancient city of Qianshan). It means "peace and good luck". In the first year of Qingyuan (1 195), "Ningzong in the Southern Song Dynasty was taken as the hiding place, and Zhou Shusheng was promoted to Anqing House" (Anqing was called "Tang Sheng" in ancient times, and it was first recorded in the literature that the riverside at the foot of the mountain in the fifth year of Emperor Yuan Feng of the Han Dynasty (BC 1000) was the ancient ferry in Tang Sheng Bay. According to legend, Guo Pu, a poet and geomancer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said that Tangshan had the saying "It is a city here", so Anqing was nicknamed "Yicheng". Anqing was built in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the 10th year of Jiading (12 17), considering the border security of the Southern Song Dynasty, Huang Gan, the magistrate, moved to Luo Cha and Yangzhou in the 2nd year of Duanping (1235) due to the war, in order to prevent the Jin army from attacking Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the first year of Ding Jing (1260), the riverside system made Ma Guangzu "restore Yicheng to Xin 'an Qingfu" (now Anqing City) and move to Huaining County to govern Guo. Since then, the government has remained stable, taking "Anqing" as the town name, which is consistent with the administrative name (government, roads, special zones, etc.). ) and has been used ever since. Anqing in the Republic of China was the official residence. Since the late Ming dynasty, the governor has been guarding it. Qingganlong was the capital of Anhui Province from the 25th year (1760) to the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937). After the founding of New China, Anqing was established as a city, which is the central city of southwest Anhui (excluding Tongcheng).

2.3 Urban Construction Memorabilia 1949

Anqing city was founded in 1949, and is led by Anqing organization. 195 1 year, Anqing was changed to the administrative office of northern Anhui. 1952 Anqing was directly under the provincial government. 1965, Anqing entrusted Anqing as the acting leader. 19 1 year Anqing was changed into a city directly under the jurisdiction of the province in 36536, and the Anqing area was established in 438+0949, which belongs to the administrative region of northern Anhui. Anqing agency is located in Anqing, and has jurisdiction over 8 counties including Anqing, Huaining (in Shipai Town), Wangjiang, Susong, Taihu Lake (in Jinxi Town), Yuexi (in Yaqian Town), Qianshan (in Meicheng Town), Tongcheng and Tonglu (analyzed by Tongcheng County, in Tangjiagou). 1952, Anqing area belongs to the leadership of Anhui province. Anqing City was changed into a municipality directly under the provincial government. The original Chizhou area belonged to Tongling, Guichi (in Chizhou Town), Qingyang (in Rongcheng Town), Zhide (in Qiupu) and Liu Dong, and was classified as Anqing area. Jurisdiction over 13 county. 65438+. Under the leadership of Anqing Special Agency, it governs 1 city and 12 county. 1959 Liu Dong county and Zhide county were merged into dongzhi county (located in Duyao town), and governed by 1 city, 1 96656 Guichi, Qingyang and dongzhi county were placed in Chizhou area, and governed by1city 8 counties. 1970 Anqing area was renamed Anqing area, which is located in Anqing city. It governs Anqing City, Tongcheng, Zongyang, Huaining (in Shipai Town), Wangjiang, Susong, Taihu Lake, Yuexi, Qianshan (in Meicheng Town) and other places.

1August 988 17 the State Council's reply: Anqing area was cancelled, and Tongcheng County, Huaining County, Zongyang County, Qianshan County, Taihu County, susong county County, Wangjiang County and Yuexi County belonged to Anqing City. 196 On August 20th, 1996, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved (the People's Bank of China approved [196] the establishment of Tongcheng City, which was managed by Anqing City. On May 3, 2005, the State Council (Guo Han [2005] No.38) approved the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Anqing City: the suburb of Anqing City was renamed as Yixiu District of Anqing City, and Wuheng Township, Dalongshan Town and Luoling Town of Tongcheng City were placed under the jurisdiction of Yixiu District.

Edit paragraph 3. administrative division

3. 1 municipal district

Urban area (square kilometers) Population (10,000 people) Towns under the jurisdiction of sub-district offices under postal codes.

Yingjiang District 207 24.42 246003 Yicheng Road, Xinhe Road, Huazhong Road, Renmin Road, Xiao Su Road, Jianshe Road, Laofeng, Longshi, Changfeng and Xinzhou.

Daguan District 204 29.56 246004 Dekuan Road, Yulin Road, Longshan Road, Linghu, Jixian Road, Shihua Road, Huating Road Haikou, Shilipu, Shankou, Wanhe Farm.

Yixiu District 4 10 19.06 246003 Bridge, Ling Beiyang Bridge, Dalongshan, Luoling, Bai Ze Lake and Wu Heng.

3.2 county

County name area (km2) Population (10,000 people) Postal code under the jurisdiction of township government resident.

Huaining 645 40 246 12 1 Gaohe, Yueshan, Pingshan, Sanqiao, Xiaoshi, Huangdun, Huanglong, Gong Ling, Mamiao, Gong Jin, Chaling, Hongzhen, Jiangzhen (the hometown of steamed buns in China), Shipai Bule, Qinghe, Xiushan, Pavilion, and so on.

Zongyang 1808 96.2 1 246700 Zongyang, Oushan, Laozhou, Zhoutan, Chenyaohu, Hengbu, Xiangpu, tanggou, Qianqiao, Qilin, Yijin, Guanbuqiao, Fushan Iron and Copper, Fengyi, Changsha, Qianpu, Bai Mei and Baihu.

Buried Hill 1686 57.2 1 246300 Meicheng, Wanghe, Yuantan, Yujing, Huangni, Tea, Guanzhuang, Shuihou, Phellodendron, Huangpu, Tianzhu Mountain Oil Dam, Pumu, Tafan, Wu Miao and Longtan Meicheng.

Taihu Lake 203 1 55.83 246400 Jinxi, Xu Qiao, Xincang, Xiaochi, Si Qian, Tianhua, Niuzhen, Tommy, Beizhong, Bailidashi, Chengxi, Jiangtang, Tangquan and Liu Fan.

Susong 2394 80.28 246500 Fuyu, Fuxing, Huikou, Xu Ling, Xiacang, Erlang, Broken Cool, Pavilion, Changpu Gaoling, Chengling, Jiugu, Qianling, Zhoutou, Zuoba, Beiyu, Chen Han, Shankou, Liu Ping, Zhifeng, Hebong and Wuli Fuyu.

Wangjiang 1357 60.47 246200 Huayang, Yangwan, Zhang Hu, Saikou, Gaoshi, Yatan, Changling, Taici Lei Chi and Liangquan Huayang.

Yuexi 2398 39.86 246600 Paradise, Qiandian, Laibang, Acorus calamus, Toutuo, Baimao, Hot Springs, Xiangchang, Hetu, Wuhe, Main Book, Xiye, Maojian Mountain Huangwei, Li Anyun, Qingtian, Jiabao, Gufang, Tiantou, Guanzhong, Shiguan, He Yao and Heping.

county-level city

County-level city name area (square kilometers) population (10,000 people) is under the jurisdiction of sub-district offices and town government stations under the postal code.

Tongcheng (merged into Hefei Economic Circle) 1572 74.48 23 1400 Wenchang, Longmian, Longteng Shuang Gang, Xindu, Jinshen, Kongcheng, Fangang, Cao Qing, Lvting, Daguan, Tangwan, Sturgeon, Xizi Lake and Huangjia Wenchang.

Edit paragraph 4. transport

Expressway trunk lines such as Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway (G50), Jiguang Expressway (G35), He 'an Expressway (G42 12) and Beijing-Taiwan Expressway (G3), three national highways (105, 206, 3 18) and Hejiu Railway meet in the city. Crossing the river connects Ning 'an Intercity Railway, expressway, Jiang Yan and Anqing to expressway, Jingdezhen, which is under construction. Anqing tianzhushan airport has opened flights to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xiamen ahead of schedule, and is currently expanding. Anqing has formed a three-dimensional transportation network integrating highway, railway, water transport and aviation. Anqing has obvious geographical advantages and is located at the junction of Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. It is the link between the three provinces and Shanghai and Wuhan.

Edit paragraph 5. economic development

5. 1 overview

Since the founding of New China, especially in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, Anqing, as an important production base of grain, cotton, oil, aquatic products, livestock and poultry in China, as an important petrochemical, auto parts manufacturing and textile processing base in Anhui Province, has been listed as one of the key open cities for the development of Wanjiang, and its social and economic undertakings have been greatly developed. 20 12650, the city's local GDP reached 98.8 billion yuan, and its fiscal revenue reached 12650.

Yuan. Agriculture continued to maintain a high level of development, with four pillar industries, namely petrochemical, textile, building materials and machinery, initially taking shape, and a large number of well-known domestic and foreign enterprises, such as Anqing Petrochemical, Hua Mao, Huanxin, Conch, Li Quan and Hongrun, emerged. Basic education has become a brand, cultural and health undertakings have developed steadily, and urban water supply, power supply, gas supply, public transportation, communication and commercial services have been greatly improved.

5.2 Regional GDP

The gross domestic product (GDP) in 20 10 is 9881/billion yuan, of which the added value of primary industry is155.55 million yuan; The added value of the secondary industry was 52.399 billion yuan; The added value of the tertiary industry was 30.857 billion yuan.

5.3 Industry and Construction

In 20 10, the total industrial added value was 45.599 billion yuan, of which the industrial added value above designated size was 36.86 billion yuan. Among the industries above designated size, the added value of state-owned enterprises was 7.54 billion yuan. 620 million yuan for collective enterprises; Joint-stock enterprises 23 1 100 million yuan; Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen invested 2.03 billion yuan, and the added value of heavy industry was 22.29 billion yuan. The added value of light industry was 654.38+04.57 billion yuan. The output value of new products in the city is 7.27 billion yuan. The annual growth rate of added value of petroleum processing industry is 2.59%. The total output of disposable energy was 63 1 10,000 tons of standard coal, down 4.2% from the previous year. The output of raw coal decreased by 10.4%, and the power generation decreased by 3.4%. Renmin Road, the busiest commercial street in Anqing.

5.4 Investment in fixed assets

In 20 10, the fixed assets investment of the whole society was 80.94 billion yuan, and the investment in the primary industry was 365.438+300 million yuan. The investment in the secondary industry is 40.84 billion yuan; The investment in the tertiary industry was 36.96 billion yuan, including 40.26 billion yuan in industrial investment. The manufacturing investment is 36.04 billion yuan; The investment in transportation, warehousing and postal services was 4.35 billion yuan; The investment in infrastructure such as water conservancy, environment and public facilities management is 8.57 billion yuan, the investment in real estate development is 9.22 billion yuan, and the sales of commercial housing is 8.5.1billion yuan. The "86 1" action plan has achieved remarkable results. The "86 1" action plan continued to be implemented throughout the year, and 65,438 new projects were arranged.

5.5 Domestic trade

In 20 10, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 33.87 billion yuan. In terms of urban and rural areas, the annual retail sales of urban consumer goods was 23.06438 billion yuan. The retail sales of rural consumer goods was 654.38+00.86 billion yuan. By industry, the retail sales of wholesale and retail industry reached 29.05 billion yuan. The retail sales of catering industry was 4.34 billion yuan; The retail sales of accommodation industry is 480 million yuan. Among the wholesale and retail sales above designated size, building decoration materials increased by 27.5% over the previous year, household appliances and audio-visual products increased by 37. 1%, automobiles increased by 82.4%, petroleum and products increased by 15.3%, cultural office supplies increased by 33.3%, sports and entertainment supplies increased by 43.7% and clothing supplies increased by 43.7%.

5.6 Foreign Economy and Tourism

In 20 10, the total import and export volume was USD 680.93 million, and three foreign-invested enterprises were newly approved. The contract utilized foreign direct investment of 59.35 million US dollars; The actual utilization of foreign capital was 222.55 million US dollars, and the newly signed foreign contracted projects and labor cooperation contracts amounted to160,000 US dollars. Turnover17.55 million USD, labor service personnel/kloc-0.04 in that year, and 45,000 overseas tourists were received throughout the year. Received domestic tourists19310.5 million person-times, and the total tourism revenue1276 million yuan.

5.7 Finance and Finance

In 20 10, the city's fiscal revenue1210 billion yuan, local fiscal revenue 5.06 billion yuan, annual fiscal expenditure161200 million yuan, and the year-end balance of deposits of financial institutions in the city/kloc-0.

5.8 Economic Development Park

Anqing national economic development zone

State-level economic and technological development zones: Anqing Economic and Technological Development Zone provincial-level development zones: Anhui Anqing Daguan Economic Development Zone, Anhui Zongyang Economic Development Zone, Anhui Taihu Economic Development Zone, Anhui Susong Industrial Park, Anhui Susong Linjiang Industrial Park, Anhui Wangjiang Economic Development Zone, Anhui Anqing Yangtze River Bridge Economic Development Zone, Anhui Tongcheng Economic Development Zone, Anhui Huaining Economic Development Zone, Anhui Qianshan Economic Development Zone, etc. (Shipai Economic Development Zone is applying. )

Edit paragraph 6. Culture and art

6. 1 birthplace of Peking Opera

1790 (fifty-five years of Qianlong) In autumn, in order to celebrate Qianlong's eightieth birthday, Yangzhou salt merchant Jiang Heting (Anhui native) organized a Anhui opera called "Sanqingban" in Anqing: Cheng Changgeng, the originator of Peking Opera.

Ben, led by artist Gao Langting, went to Beijing for a birthday performance. This Huizhou class mainly sings Huang Er dialect, as well as Kunqu opera, flute playing and bangzi playing. The birthday performance in Beijing is very grand. From Xihuamen to the high-beam bridge outside Xizhimen, a stage is set up every few tens of steps, and the South-to-North Transfer is carried out to gather music from all directions to compete for beauty. Or strings. In this art competition, Sanqing Huiban, who came to Beijing for the first time, stood out and attracted attention. Sanqing class originally came to Beijing for a birthday performance. Because of its beautiful tunes, easy-to-understand scripts and novel and rich flavor of life, it has been warmly welcomed by Beijing audiences. In this way, the Sanqing class can't stop playing the birthday drama. Stay in Beijing to continue folk performances. Gao Langting, the squad leader of Sanqing class, is from Anqing, Anhui. He was only 30 years old when he entered Beijing. He is good at Huang Er opera. "Looking at Flowers Now" says that he is: "Rich in body and old in color, like a woman. No need to ask for a song. " Almost changed. " Therefore, Sanqing class is becoming more and more popular in Beijing. In the process of performing in Beijing, Huiban absorbed the performance skills of Kunqu Opera, Yiyang Opera, Bangzi and other operas, enriched itself, and soon became the most popular opera at that time. After the success of Sanqing Class in Beijing, Sixi Class, Hechun Class and Chuntai Class entered Beijing one after another, and gradually dominated the Beijing theater. Sixi's tune refers to being famous for performing the whole drama continuously, tune refers to being good at singing Kunqu opera, tune refers to winning by martial arts, and zi refers to being good at children's music. Huiban's arrival in Beijing opened the brewing period of China's national opera Peking Opera. After the success of Sanqing class, Sixi class, Hechun class and Chuntai class went to Beijing. And gradually dominate the Beijing theater. This is the so-called "Huizhou Class Four goes to Beijing". The four major classes in Huizhou have their own strengths. They are said to be "the axis of three celebrations, the joy of four joys, and the son of the Spring Stage". The axis refers to being famous for performing the whole drama in succession, the music refers to being good at singing Kunqu opera, the child refers to winning by martial arts, and the child refers to being good at children's play. He succeeded Yu Laosi, the former head teacher of Sanqing class, in charge of the class for more than 30 years. At the same time, he also served as the head of Jingzhong Temple organized by Shi Jing Opera Association, and became the leader of the pear garden through Jingzhong Temple. After Gao Lanting, Cheng Changgeng, Xu Xiaoxiang, Yang Yuelou, Liu Gansan and others all held this post. By the early years of Jiaqing, Huiban had taken the lead in the Peking Opera stage. According to Hua Meng Zuo Shu, "The theatrical performances in the theater must be Huizhou. The largest theaters, such as Guangde Building, Guanghe Building, Sanqing Garden and Qingyuan Paradise, must also belong to Huizhou. In this case, it is more appropriate to mix Huizhou classes, small classes and western classes.

6.2 Local Drama-Huangmei Opera Holy Land

Stills of Huangmei Opera "Fairy Couple"

According to the textual research of Mr. Linan Liao from the Local Records Office of susong county Municipal People's Government, Huangmei Opera originated from tea-picking songs in Huangmei County, Hubei Province in the early Tang Dynasty. With the development of folk songs in Song Dynasty and the influence of zaju in Yuan Dynasty, the embryonic form of folk opera was gradually formed. By the Ming Dynasty, a unique local opera had been formed, which was a melody art form sung by the working people in susong county, Anqing City, Anhui Province and Huangmei County, Hubei Province in their long-term productive labor and social life. The two counties are adjacent and have a long border. Many things are inseparable. Many times in history, these two counties belong to the same administrative region. That is, in the early days of the establishment of the * * * production party, the two counties belonged to the same party branch. Mr. Linan Liao found that in the history of Huangmei Opera, Susong had more than a dozen firsts, such as 1. 2. He was the first to write Huangmei Opera into the couplet of Liaohe stage. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, local people wrote more than a dozen Huangmei operas, such as "Sending Fragrant Tea" and "West Louhui", into Liaohe stage couplets that the masses loved. 3. First official performance. Susong invited Huangmei Opera to perform in the official county town from Cao Ye in 1853, which was 8 1 year earlier than "Huangmei Opera entered Huangmei County in 1934" recorded in Huangmei County Records. 4. The popular Huangmei tea-picking song was officially named Huangmei Opera. In the 192 1 edition of Susong County Records, the name "Huangmei Opera" was officially recorded for the first time. Huangmei opera is euphemistic and fresh, which can be divided into two categories: coloratura and Pingci. Coloratura is mainly used to play small plays, with a strong flavor of life and folk songs. Pingci is the most important aria in the original drama, which is often used for large-scale narrative and lyric. It sounds euphemistic and melodious, such as Liang Zhu and A Fairy Match. Modern Huangmei Opera enhances the expressive force of "Pingji" aria in music, which is often used for large-scale lyric and narrative, and is the main aria in the original drama. It broke through the limitations of some "coloratura" operas, absorbed musical elements such as folk songs, and created a new tune in harmony with traditional singing. Huangmei Opera, with Gao Hu as the main accompaniment instrument, supplemented by other national musical instruments and gongs and drums, is suitable for performing plays with various themes. Yan Fengying is a famous Huangmei Opera actor, who really sings Huangmei Opera. His representative works include A Match Made in Heaven and Ma Xu. It belongs to Jianghuai Mandarin. The feature is that the lyric structure of the whole drama is mostly seven sentences and cross-sentences. Most of the seven sentences are two, two and three sentences, and most of the cross-sentences are three, three and four sentences. Sometimes the number of words can be compressed or expanded as needed, and tunes are often used. The lyrics of coloratura opera are flexible, ranging from three to seven words. There are often many meaningless spoken words in the middle. The number of sentences is not necessarily even, and sometimes even sentences are repeated with the last sentence. Singing methods are all sung in Anqing Mandarin, which is close to Mandarin. The whole play is sung in vowels and Putonghua, the short play is spoken in Anqing dialect, and the aria is still sung in Putonghua.