In the process of industrial production, how to realize circular economy (agriculture)

Circular economy includes clean production (industry) and ecological agriculture.

First, circular economy and traditional economy

Traditional economy is a one-way linear process of "resources-products-wastes". The more wealth is created, the more resources are consumed, the more waste is produced, and the greater the negative impact on environmental resources.

Circular economy can obtain as many economic and social benefits as possible with as little resource consumption and environmental cost as possible, so as to coordinate the material circulation process between economic system and natural ecosystem and promote the sustainable utilization of resources. Therefore, circular economy is a fundamental change to the traditional economic model of "mass production, mass consumption and mass abandonment". Its basic characteristics are:

In the process of resource exploitation, we should vigorously improve the comprehensive development and recycling utilization of resources.

In the link of resource consumption, we should vigorously improve the efficiency of resource utilization.

In the process of waste production, comprehensive utilization of resources should be vigorously carried out.

In the production of renewable resources, we should vigorously recover and recycle all kinds of waste resources.

In social consumption, we should vigorously promote green consumption.

In a word, the traditional economy consumes resources and produces pollution. Circular economy should be pollution-free and recycled as much as possible.

Second, the realization of three technical paths

(1) Efficient utilization of resources.

The improvement of resource efficiency depends on scientific and technological progress and institutional innovation to improve the utilization level of resources and the output rate of unit elements.

1. In the field of agricultural production, first, by exploring efficient production methods, intensive use of land, economical use of water resources and energy. For example, promoting high-efficiency cultivation techniques such as intercropping and polyculture, introducing or cultivating high-yield and high-quality seedlings and improved varieties, and implementing facilities, large-scale and standardized agricultural production can all improve the output level of unit land and water surface. By optimizing various water source utilization schemes, improving water delivery systems such as ditches, improving irrigation methods, and excavating agricultural water conservation, planting water can be realized. By developing intensive water-saving aquaculture, water-saving aquaculture can be realized. The second is to improve the quality of land, water and other resources, and improve the sustainability and carrying capacity of agricultural resources. Through advanced practical means such as straw returning, soil testing formula and scientific fertilization, the conditions needed for efficient growth of crops such as soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are improved, and soil fertility is improved. Using the principle of acid-base neutralization and advanced technology to transform coastal saline-alkali land, or planting special crops in saline-alkali land for a long time to improve the soil and improve the plantability of saline-alkali land. Control the dosage of pesticides, ban highly toxic pesticides, rationally use chemical fertilizers and agricultural films, promote degradable agricultural films, and reduce their erosion to soil; Animal manure should be treated ecologically to reduce its pollution to water. Timely adjustment of stocking density and varieties, rational feeding and fertilization to prevent the deterioration of water quality and coating quality in aquaculture waters and beaches. Reduce the use of antibiotics and other drugs to ensure that crop products and livestock and poultry products meet health standards.

2. In the field of industrial production, the improvement of resource utilization efficiency is mainly reflected in energy-saving, water-saving, material-saving, land-saving and comprehensive utilization of resources, which is achieved through a series of substitutions and substitutions of "high" and "low", "new" and "old". Focusing on the improvement of industrial technology level, it is mainly to replace inefficient management and production technology with efficient management and production technology, and to replace low-quality energy with high-quality energy. On the other hand, around the rational use of resources, in some production links, waste heat utilization, reclaimed water reuse, parts and equipment maintenance and remanufacturing, scrap metal, waste plastics, waste paper, waste rubber and other renewable resources replace primary resources, and renewable materials replace primary materials. Replace "high" with "low" and "old" with "new", thus improving the utilization efficiency of resources.

3. In the field of daily consumption, advocate a resource-saving lifestyle and promote energy-saving and water-saving appliances. The life style of saving resources is not to cut down the necessary living consumption, but to overcome the bad behavior of wasting resources and reduce unnecessary resource consumption.

(2) Recycling of resources.

By building an industrial chain for recycling resources and establishing a recycling channel for renewable resources in production and life, we can realize the effective utilization of resources, reduce the demand for natural resources, and promote the harmonious and circular development of economic social and natural.

1. In the field of agricultural production, the cultivation and aquaculture of crops, livestock and poultry should conform to the laws of natural ecology. Realizing the organic coupling agricultural circular industrial chain through advanced technology is to follow the laws of nature and organize effective production according to economic laws. Including: first, the planting-feed-breeding industrial chain. According to the feeding habits of herbaceous animals, give full play to the natural feed function of crop straws in aquaculture and build a breeding chain; The second is the industrial chain of breeding-waste-planting. Through the production of livestock manure organic fertilizer, aquaculture wastes such as pig manure are processed into organic fertilizer and biogas slurry, which can provide clean and efficient organic fertilizer for cultivated crops in farmland, orchards, tea gardens and other places; Biogas residue fermented by livestock manure can also be used to grow special vegetables such as mushrooms; The third is the aquaculture-waste-aquaculture industry chain. The development and popularization of practical technologies such as silkworm rearing with silkworm excrement, shellfish rearing with chicken manure, earthworm rearing with biogas residue fermented with pig manure, etc., realize the internal circulation of aquaculture, which is beneficial to the dual effects of pollution control and resource conservation; The fourth is the ecologically compatible planting-breeding industry chain. Under the premise of controlling stocking density, using open planting space to free-range some livestock and poultry or aquatic animals that are harmless to crops and even have positive effects, and conditionally building an industrial chain compatible with "rice duck farming", "rice crab farming" and "pheasant farming" can promote both planting and breeding; The fifth is the industrial chain of waste energy or pest control. Biogas produced by biogas fermentation of livestock manure can provide farmers with clean living energy, which can be used for lighting, heating, cooking, grain storage and chicken incubation. , can also be used to provide carbon dioxide gas fertilizer for agricultural production, light trapping and other purposes. Crop waste straw is also an important raw material to form biomass energy, which can be tapped and utilized.

2. In the field of industrial production, we should focus on concentrated production areas, take industrial by-products, wastes, waste heat energy, waste water and other resources as carriers, strengthen the establishment of vertical and horizontal industrial links between different industries, and promote the recycling of resources. For example, focus on energy, implement cogeneration and regional central heating projects, develop waste heat energy utilization and organic waste energy recovery, and form a multi-channel energy cascade utilization industrial chain; Around the construction of wastewater, water manufacturing and water supply pipe network projects, rationally organize the cascade utilization of wastewater, and form an industrial chain of water resources reuse; Around the waste materials and by-products, we will establish an extended industrial chain, a recycling chain of renewable resources, a comprehensive utilization chain of waste and a maintenance and transformation chain of equipment parts, and build a comprehensive utilization chain of renewable resources. In the field of life and service industry, the key point is to build a recycling network for domestic waste materials, give full play to the circulation function of business service industry, collect and recycle second-hand products, waste materials or wastes in production and life, improve the probability of these resources returning to production, and promote the reuse or recycling of resources.

(3) Harmless discharge of waste.

Through the harmless treatment of waste, the impact of production and living activities on the ecological environment is reduced.

In the field of agricultural production, clean agriculture is mainly implemented by popularizing ecological agriculture methods. Using biogas fermentation technology, the manure produced by livestock and poultry breeding is treated to turn harm into benefit and produce biogas and organic agricultural fertilizer; Control the use of drugs in aquaculture, popularize scientific feeding, and reduce the pollution of aquaculture to water. Explore ecological complementary aquaculture, strengthen the harmless treatment of livestock and poultry feed, epidemic detection and prevention; Implement agricultural cleaner production, adopt comprehensive biological and physical pest control, reduce the use of pesticides, reduce pesticide residues in crops and the accumulation of pesticide toxins in soil; Use degradable agricultural film, implement agricultural film recycling, and reduce land residue.

In the field of industrial production, we will promote waste emission reduction and cleaner production technologies, apply dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification technologies of coal-fired boilers, and do a good job in the decomposition, biochemical treatment and incineration of industrial waste oil, wastewater and organic solids, thus greatly reducing the output of waste gas, waste liquid and solid waste in industrial production. Expand the application proportion of clean energy and reduce the emission of harmful substances in energy production and use.

In the field of daily consumption, we advocate reducing the consumption mode of disposable articles and cultivating the habit of garbage sorting.

Attachment: The high school geography textbook Pig-Marsh-Field is an example of circular economy in agriculture.

There is a problem with industrial examples. Grapes are used to make wine, and then grape skins are used to make medicines. . .