Does literary criticism belong to literary criticism?

Definition-Literary criticism is an article that analyzes and evaluates various literary phenomena (including literary creation, literary appreciation and literary theoretical criticism) under the guidance of literary theory. The central task of literary criticism is to analyze, judge and evaluate specific works. Literary criticism is a kind of scientific research, a professional paper in academic papers and an abstract thinking process combining artistic thinking.

The task of literary criticism is to guide readers from the stage of perceptual knowledge to the stage of comprehensive understanding and grasping works, to help readers, and to enrich and promote the development of literary theory with new materials and new ideas.

& Development-The development of China's literary criticism is as follows. Produce and develop with the works. China in ancient times can be said to be the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Confucian literary theory (representative article "Wen Xin Diao Long" and representative work "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"), Taoist literary theory (representative article "Shi Pin" and representative work The Journey to the West), and civic literature view (representative article Xin and representative work "A Dream of Red Mansions"). Specialized literary criticism began with Zhong Rong's poems. The master of literary theory is Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long. Its unique forms are comments and poems, such as Comments on a Dream of Red Mansions, Poems on June 1st and Poems with the Garden by Zhi Yanzhai. , characterized by intuitive grasp, friendly image, the disadvantage is that there is no in-depth analysis, thinking without empirical logic, lack of systematicness. Modern literary criticism draws lessons from the West, strengthening its scientificity and systematization, starting with Wang Guowei's Review of A Dream of Red Mansions and Liang Qichao's literary criticism. In the history of modern and contemporary literature, Marxist literary criticism occupies a dominant position. Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Guo Moruo and Qu Qiubai started in the 1920s and 1930s. The systems of Mao Zedong, Zhou Yang and Hu Feng were established in the 1940s and 1950s. First learn from Western Europe, then learn from the Soviet Union, and use the theories of three Russian democratic literary critics, belinsky, Chernyshevski and Dobro Lyubov, as pioneers of literary criticism. It highlights the nature of literary criticism as a tool of political struggle. In 1980s, literary criticism flourished unprecedentedly. It introduced and used for reference western modernist literary theories and absorbed natural science research methods, and developed dialectically and uniformly in two aspects: scientization and nationalization.

& amp。 Method-1 Social and historical methods. This is the oldest and most influential method system in the history of literary criticism. It is based on a solid foundation, starting from the essential attribute of literature, namely sociality, and commenting from the height of social and historical development. Its critical principle is to put authenticity first. Its evaluation standard is that literature should reflect and promote the development of social history. Its common means: first, class analysis, such as Lenin's comment on Tolstoy; Second, biographical criticism, such as Lu Xun's comments on Nikolai Gogol.

2. Structuralism criticism method. It is characterized by symbolizing and modeling objects to understand the essential laws. The focus is on the relationship between phenomena. Reject social factors. Common means: first, the principle of binary opposition, such as the true and false Monkey King, the opposition between "my world" and "their world" in Diary of a Madman, environment and characters; The second is the conscious exploration of the structure of the work (mainly the space-time structure); The third is the exploration of structure and function, which tends to be patterned and abstract, such as 3 1 10,000 drama scenes. It is believed that social life is selective to the structure and function of works.

3. Psychoanalytic criticism. Absorb the achievements of psychological science (psychoanalysis, gestalt psychology, abnormal psychology, etc.). ), based on the particularity of literature as a spiritual activity, we can analyze the psychology of creation, personality and appreciation, which can be said to be people-oriented. It is believed that unconsciousness is the driving force that dominates and determines consciousness, and the primary task of literary criticism is to capture the consciousness of characters and authors (including collective unconsciousness) expressed in literary works. Unconscious instinctive impulses are suppressed by social morality, forming psychopaths such as madness, fantasy and dreams to vent, but they are sublimated into an art form and become the content allowed by society. This method has the limitations of rigid connection and pan-ism, and only treats people as biological people, ignoring subjective initiative and social and historical content.

4. Comparative literature method. First of all, the impact is comparative and empirical. Second, parallel comparison, simultaneous comparison without actual connection. In essence, it is an evaluation and summary of literary values and laws.

5. Natural science method. Mainly three theories) system theory, cybernetics and information theory) and mathematical methods. For example, the character system, fuzzy mathematics and implication.

& principle-Marxist literary criticism provides the basic principle, and the methods can be eclectic. Principles: first, proceed from objective facts, that is, writers' works; Second, take the combination of historical viewpoint and aesthetic viewpoint as the main scale; Third, combine the class viewpoint with historicism, analyze it from the viewpoint of the proletariat, and consider the era conditions and social environment in which the writer lives; Fourth, to judge the value of a work, it is necessary to determine it through overall comparison.

To comment on a work, we should know people and discuss the world, take into account the whole article, read it carefully and repeatedly, and grasp the key value points for analysis. The structure of specific comments is varied, and only one mode is provided here for practicing and contributing to newspapers, and it can also be used in various higher education such as TV University, self-taught examination and junior college.

& Comments on the examination mode-

&. At the beginning:

1. Repeat the outline. In the retelling of the full-text plot outline, the key points are prominent and there is no expression.

2. Lead to the argument-a judgment sentence, the subject is the object. Choose the most touching point-# Content: See the theme from the characters. # Form: Choose one of the following points-characterization (several aspects of personality), structure (twists and turns, coincidences, misunderstandings, clues, etc. ), language (personalization, life) and skills (comparison, irony, absorption of other stylistic features, etc. ).

&. In the middle:

1. analysis is the main method. * The argument is the work itself, and comments are made when excerpted. * divided into two or more aspects.

2. Assisted by other argumentation methods, such as quotation, analogy and reduction to absurdity.

3. Connect with reality and extend reality. The content is mainly the social significance of the theme. Forms include: comparison and development of typical significance and artistic characteristics.

&. End:

1. Reiterate the beginning of the quotation and further clarify and deepen the argument.

2. Send out feelings.