What are the characteristics of ancient Chinese science and technology?

Characteristics of ancient Chinese science and technology:

1, the content of science and technology is mainly focused on agriculture-related agronomy, astronomy and calendar, as well as medicine, etc., the application of strong, but not enough to explore the laws of the development of things; research methodology, mainly on the collation of the traditional canonical books, such as the summary of experience, the lack of experiments; the importance of summing up the practical experience and the importance of theoretical generalization and abstraction.

2, in the use of science and technology mainly serves the development of the feudal agricultural economy and the needs of large-scale projects, the lack of science and technology effectively into productive forces and become the driving force and awareness of the further development of science and technology.

3. Focusing on the exploration of social and humanistic issues, it emphasized the unity of heaven and man, respect for nature, and the importance of perfecting the relationship between man and nature.

Extended Information:

At the beginning of the Tang and Song dynasties, there were many different types of technology in China. p>The reasons why ancient Chinese science and technology reached its peak in the Tang and Song dynasties:

1. The cultural and educational policy of "emphasizing literature and emphasizing the military" fostered an environment of scientific and technological culture

The Song dynasty was a period of cultural prosperity and scientific and technological development. This is largely attributable to the Song dynasty's cultural policy intellectual policy. It always insisted on the rule of culture, and strictly prevented the occurrence of the incident of the manipulation of politics by cross-border brigands.

The emphasis on cultural creation helped the development of science and technology. School education and imperial examinations were generally emphasized. Vigorously revitalize the book business, the invention of movable type printing, shorten the time for books to become books. The publishing industry was highly developed.

2. Cultivation of talents led the leap of science and technology

Under the influence of the Song Dynasty's "emphasis on utilitarianism", "seeking practicality", and "da yu zhi xue", science and technology education in the Song Dynasty was unprecedented. Song dynasty science and technology education has been unprecedented prosperity and development. The Song Dynasty followed the Tang Dynasty's system of education in different disciplines, putting some disciplines under the direct leadership of the business sector, and practicing the education mode of learning while practicing. Many famous scholars were trained, such as Zhang Sixun, a student of the Divine Constabulary, who made the "new armillary sphere".

The Song Dynasty emphasized the awarding of scientific and technological inventors, managers and professionals, and stimulated their enthusiasm for creativity and vigorously promote scientific and technological progress. Song educators are more active, educators advocate the idea of science and technology education has had a positive impact. Such as Huwon to "body, use, text," teaching students, the creation of the two fasting and governance.

His governance includes military, civil, water conservancy, arithmetic and other subjects. There is also "one art and one ability" of "work" education. Ye Shi advocated the "Dao and art". These ideas had a certain impact on the education system of the Song Dynasty, so that the Song Dynasty than the previous dynasties to emphasize science and technology education.

3, inter-ethnic scientific and technological cultural exchanges enriched the scientific and technological treasures of the Song dynasty

Song dynasty in the various ethnic groups and extraterritorial cultural exchanges have been fruitful, thus enriching the scientific and technological treasures of the Song dynasty. Sino-foreign exchanges were multifaceted, mathematics, astronomy and calendars, the development of maritime technology, the expansion of overseas trade, international exchanges increased, but also to a large extent contributed to the development of science and technology in the Song Dynasty.

Foreigners lived in China for a long time, providing an important role in scientific and technological exchanges at home and abroad. Many of the achievements of ethnic minorities in technology were also very prominent, and the long-term living together and mutual integration of various ethnic groups promoted scientific and technological exchanges.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Ancient Chinese Science and Technology