The Yellow River is the basis of the birthplace of China

The Yellow River (the Yellow River) in ancient China, also known as the river, also known as the turbid river, China River. It originates from Ba Yan Ka La Mountains in Qinghai Province of the People's Republic of China and flows through nine provinces and regions, including Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong, and finally injects into the Bohai Sea in Kenli County, Dongying, Shandong Province. The total length of the main channel is 5,464 kilometers, second only to the Yangtze River, which is the second longest river in China. The Yellow River is also the fifth longest river in the world.

The Yellow River is upstream from its source to Hekou Town, Toketo County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a length of 3,472 kilometers; between Hekou Town and Taohuayu in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, it is midstream, with a length of 1,206 kilometers; and the following part of Taohuayu is downstream, with a length of 786 kilometers. (There are many ways of dividing the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, but the division scheme of the Yellow River Conservancy Committee is adopted here.) The Yellow River crosses east and west of China, with a basin length of 1,900 kilometers from east to west and a width of 1,100 kilometers from north to south, and a total area of 752,443 square kilometers.

The Yellow River, like a spine dome up, the head of a lion wanting to leap, from the Tibetan Plateau across the mountains of Qing and Gansu provinces; across Ningxia, Inner Mongolia's Hetao Plain; rushing in the mountains and valleys between Jin and Shaanxi; breaking the "Dragon Gate" and out of the foot of the Xiyue Huashan, turn around and go east, crossing the North China Plain, and rushing to the Bohai Sea. The coast of the Bohai Sea. It flows through nine provinces and districts, gathering more than 40 major tributaries and more than 1,000 streams and rivers, a journey of 5,464 kilometers, with a watershed area of more than 750,000 square kilometers, is China's second largest river. The average annual precipitation of the whole basin is about 400 millimeters, while the average annual runoff of the Yellow River is only 57.4 billion cubic meters, which is the eighth largest among Chinese rivers. In the basin, together with the downstream areas along the river in Henan and Lu*** there are more than 200 million mu of arable land and about 100 million people.

The Yellow River average natural runoff of the entire river for many years 58 billion cubic meters, the average annual runoff depth of the basin of 77 millimeters, the basin per capita water 593 cubic meters, arable land per mu of 324 cubic meters of water.

The cradle of the Chinese nation

"The Yellow River, you are the cradle of the Chinese nation, 5,000 years of ancient culture, originated from you here ......" This is the lyrics of the familiar song "Ode to the Yellow River". Whenever people sing this song, they will be immersed in the infinite memories of the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. As the birthplace of Chinese civilization, it maintains the bloodline of the Yellow River. It is the symbol of the national spirit and national sentiment of the Chinese people.

As early as 800,000 years ago in the Paleolithic Age, the ancestors of the Chinese nation lived a hunting and gathering life in the Yellow River Basin. More than 2,000 sites of primitive villages have been found in the Yellow River Basin, and it shows that in the Neolithic Age, ancestors settled in this vast land and engaged in primitive agricultural production.

In the middle of the Neolithic Age, scattered in the middle reaches of the Yellow River on the Loess Plateau of the Yellow Emperor, and the then Chi Yu, Yandi tribe with the three tribes in ancient China. They lived a nomadic life with irregular migration. Later, the Yandi Emperor united with the Yellow Emperor to attack and kill Chi You. Soon, the people of the Yandi and Yellow Emperor tribes gradually integrated and settled in the areas of Shaanxi, Gan and Jin, *** with the development of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, which entered slave society more than 3,500 years ago, were all descendants of the Yellow Emperor. They called themselves "Hua" or "Xia". The Chinese were the predecessors of the Han Chinese, so the Han Chinese people regarded the Yellow Emperor as their ancestor and called themselves the descendants of the Yellow Emperor (also known as Yan Huang). At that time, the Chinese lived in the Central Plains, which was considered to be the center of the four directions, so they also called this area "China". Later, the culture of the Hua people spread throughout the country, and the word "China" became the name of the whole of China.

Pan Geng of the Shang Dynasty moved his capital to Yinxu (present-day Anyang County, Henan Province), and his sphere of influence reached the North China Plain between the Taihang Mountains and the Tai Shan Mountains, known as the Yin Empire. The culture of the Yin Dynasty was quite developed, and together with Egypt and Babylon at that time, it was known as three ancient empires, and was one of the three ancient cultural centers of the world. In the Yin Ruins, there are still oracle bone books and beautiful and detailed bronze vessels with beautiful carvings and tightly written sentences. However, in the world outside the three ancient empires, most human beings still lead a primitive life. From this, we can see that our motherland is one of the ancient cultural countries in the world, and the culture of the ancient countries flourished in the embrace of the Yellow River.

After the Yin Dynasty, until the Northern Song Dynasty, for nearly 2,500 years, the Yellow River basin has been the political, economic and cultural center of China. Xi'an (ancient name Chang'an), from the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang dynasties, there have been 11 dynasties built their capitals here for more than 1,100 years, not only for the development of ancient China's economy and culture made an important contribution, but also for the international economic and cultural exchanges left a monumental chapter. Luoyang has been the capital of nine dynasties for nearly 1,000 years, so it is called the "Ancient Capital of Nine Dynasties". Historians, scientists and literati gathered in Luoyang, leaving behind immortal works for the cultural treasures of China and the world.

For thousands of years, the Yellow River Valley was the center of feudal rule, and the struggles of the masses of working people against oppression continued one after another. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang at the end of Qin Dynasty, Red Eyebrows, Bronze Horses and Yellow Turbans in the two Han Dynasties, Wagang Army at the end of Sui Dynasty, Huang Chao and Wang Xianzhi in Tang Dynasty, and Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong in the end of Ming Dynasty, all of them performed a majestic historical drama on the land of the Yellow River Basin. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region was a reliable revolutionary base for the Chinese people until the establishment of the great Chinese People's **** and State.