What's the difference between quota pricing model and bill of quantities pricing model?

For a long time, China's project cost calculation is based on the traditional quota pricing model, and the project budget quota management system adapted to the planned economy is implemented. Since the 1990s, China has made active and beneficial explorations on how to establish a project cost model that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy, and put forward a brand-new project bill pricing model, which is essentially different from the traditional quota pricing model. & gt& gt 100% to build an elite network, mainly in the following aspects:

1) The nature and characteristics of the line are different.

In the traditional quota pricing model, the state and the government are the main operators, and the management of project price composition is carried out in the form of legal quota, while the employer and contractor closely related to price behavior have no decision-making power and pricing power. China has a vast territory and complicated situation, so it is difficult for the state to stipulate unified quotas, engineering calculation rules, measurement units and material codes. Therefore, all regions and departments in the mountain make their own decisions, which makes problems between regions, departments and regions.

There are many contradictions, which do not meet the requirements of opening to the outside world and international project contracting.

Bill of quantities is an important part of bidding documents. It is based on bidding documents, construction drawing design data and unified calculation rules in engineering. The on-site list and summary table of partial projects calculated by the tenderee or the entrusted consulting agency are the bill of quantities, and the bidders shall bid and price independently according to the market rules. The implementation of the bill of quantities will formulate unified rules for the calculation of quantities and consumption quota for prisoners or government departments, and take this as the basis for determining the valuation of physical consumption of construction projects. In terms of project division, work content, calculation rules, etc., we will break the practice of fragmentation among regions, departments and regions and implement national unity. Construction enterprises will adjust and supplement the quota consumption according to their own labor productivity, technical equipment, construction technology, skeleton level, climate and geographical conditions, etc., in the silent state that the general principle of calculation remains unchanged, so as to fully reflect their own productivity level, thus fundamentally changing the budget quota system integrated with traditional mode pricing and laying the foundation for the marketization of project cost.

2) Different price sources

In the traditional quota pricing model, because the price is determined by the government, only the coefficient adjustment method is used to reflect the price management model and manage the dynamic construction market, and the consumption of engineering entities and construction measures is not separated. Based on the need to determine the project cost in advance, the traditional quota pricing model binds the project entity consumption fee with the project cost, and fixes the active factors that originally belonged to the competition mechanism, such as technical equipment, construction measures and management level, which is not conducive to the development of contracting.

The human advantage is also not conducive to reducing the project cost, which makes the market participants at a loss and it is difficult to finally determine the individual cost price.

Information and other factors, and combined with enterprise goals, competitors, economic needs and other conditions to decide independently. Facing the ever-changing market price, under the mode of bill of quantities valuation, the information network service systems in various places can provide various dynamic information such as labor price, material price and unit price of machinery and machinery in time. This information network service system constantly collects, summarizes, edits and publishes various price information and price indexes to guide the contracting parties to correctly calculate the project cost.

3) Different bidding methods.

In the price law, there are three pricing methods, namely, government pricing, government-specified pricing and market-regulated pricing. Construction project cost (price) should belong to the category of market-regulated price, because the current project cost (price) in China is competitive pricing with bidding as the core, and its price should have been market-regulated price. Implementing the bill of quantities and adjusting the price according to the market has fundamentally changed the pricing mode under the fixed and quantitative pricing mode. Instead, the mountain construction enterprise determines the management fee and profit level according to the needs of competition, its own strength and the demand for a specific project. The owner selects the best bidder through bidding and determines its project cost in the form of contract. In essence, this price does not consider the fixed pricing model, and the price calculated by layers is different from the simple market transaction behavior of "one party is willing to sell and the other party is willing to buy immediately". It is neither the bidder's free pricing nor the tenderer's free bidding, but under the guidance of certain market rules, the pricing is confirmed by the society through bidding competition.

In the most detailed list-based bidding activities, two basic principles should be followed to determine the project cost (price), one is to win the bid at a reasonable low price, and the other is not lower than the single cost price. Reasonable low price means that the construction period is reasonable and the shortest, the construction organization design scheme is enough to ensure the highest quality of the project, the construction technology is advanced, the measures are reasonable, feasible and optimal, and the tender offer is enough to ensure the smooth completion of the project and the lowest.

In short, the establishment of a market-oriented bill of quantities valuation model is the need of construction project cost reform, the need of socialist market economy and modernization, and the need of China's integration with the international community after joining wTo, which has a positive effect on rectifying the construction market and standardizing the market economic order.