German rural endowment insurance system

After World War II, Germany paid little attention to the development of agriculture. However, due to people's general concern about food safety, in order to ensure social stability, self-sufficiency of agricultural products and sustainable development of agriculture, the German government has increased its support for agricultural protection and development since the 1950s and issued a series of preferential policies to attract outstanding talents to engage in agricultural production. Establishing a perfect old-age insurance system for farmers is one of the preferential policies. At that time, the problem of aging population in Germany was serious, and it was urgent to implement the policy of providing for the aged for farmers. However, the traditional mode of providing for the aged for farmers is that the children of farmers take on life after retirement, and the government does not provide any old-age insurance. With the passage of time and the change of people's ideas, when children grow up, they are more willing to go to cities to make a living than to take over their father's mantle-farming in the countryside, or some young people are simply unwilling to bear the responsibility of supporting their parents. Therefore, the government urgently needs to introduce a series of relevant policies to solve the problem of farmers' old-age care. After exploration, German farmers' old-age insurance system has implemented three modes: one is equality mode. This model was developed in the 1950s. In other words, before retirement, every farmer pays a fee, and after retirement, the government pays them the same pension. However, under this model, the government has the risk of overpayment. The second is the bonus model. In the 1970s, the retirement age of farmers was reduced from 65 to 55, which meant that farmers gave up land production ahead of schedule and lost their sources of income. Therefore, the government will pay extra pensions to farmers. This model still depends on a large amount of financial input from the government. Compared with the first model, the government's burden has not been reduced. The third is the income payment model. In the 1990s, the government's pension payment to retired farmers was determined according to the income of farmers and their wives. Because the income is absolute, there is a fixed upper limit for the pension insurance that needs to be paid. However, this model still has shortcomings: first, the household income of farmers is not easy to determine. Second, after the death of a farmer, his wife still enjoys the welfare treatment originally given to her husband by the government, which has not reduced the cost of government pension payment. The current pension insurance model for farmers in Germany is "how much to pay and how much to use". That is, a way for young people to pay and the elderly to enjoy. However, with the decline of the birth rate and the intensification of the aging trend, the money provided by young people to accompany Li can no longer meet the needs of the elderly, and the government needs to pay some money to make up the difference. Therefore, this model has become a model that continuously consumes public resources, and the interests of most retired farmers have not been protected because of the serious lack of investment by the central government in this model. At present, Germany is still looking for a more reasonable old-age insurance model for farmers.

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