What is the meaning of the top of the fire bowl in the white affair

In the old days, the funeral was full of traditional customs of feudal superstition, especially those of warlords, bureaucrats, politicians, wealthy merchants and gentry families, in order to show their prestige, status and power, and in the process of organizing the funeral, they were extremely ostentatious and wasteful, and from the time of death to the burial, they had to go through a lot of complicated and complicated forms of superstition.

Today, some elderly people can still remember a few big funerals in Tianjin over the past century. Such as the Republic of China President Li Yuanhong, as well as several warlords, bureaucrats, and even Chu Yu Pu era of Tianjin Li Xiaoyu female martyrs, such as the big funeral, are sensational things in Tianjin. Funeral in its full ceremonial procession (commonly known as "deacon") up to two or three miles long, and one of the contents of a file as the most lively "meeting". For example, the funeral to "mobilize the public", along the funeral route on both sides of the road on the watchtower, some use the military police along the way to temporary security, there are more ostentatious in the funeral before the first use of "yellow pavement, clean water splash the street". As for the ceremonial ranks are more varied, to show that its full and show its prestige. Coffin cover is not out of the forecourt, and the front of the "three battalions of white horses" (a team of 100 dozens of horsemen, all riding a white horse inverted across the horse gun, on behalf of the three battalions of men) has been on the road marching to show that the "pressure". The streets are full of people, but at the moment there is no sound. This was followed by a continuous procession of various ranks, forming a long, endless line. Although there are sporadic written records of these situations, the full details are little known. Now the "white affair" of the relevant circumstances and insights are described below.

One

The so-called "five lines and eight works" in the old society was the people in the community to make a living in a variety of industries. It plays a variety of different services in the life of the masses, if the detailed statistics can be divided into more than 300 lines. And in the white affair this aspect involves a lot of industry. Such as "kong room", then kong room in society is not a simple industry. In the late Qing Dynasty to do this business must have a "dragon ticket" (is a special license, then there are several industries such as money changers, salt flats must receive a dragon ticket to business), after the Republic of China must also have the government issued a "post", so different from the general small store. In addition, such as the shed store, white goods store, tie color work, paint work, birthday store, coffin store, ready-made clothes line, carriage line, and so on not one side enough. Closely related are nunneries, temples, temples, courtyards and other chanting classes and bands, drummers, as well as idle people in the community were temporarily put together funeral "deacons", "playing a small empty", and even attached to the barn, some of the people in the white goods store, and more leasing stores, teahouses and other auxiliary personnel. These are all related industries that are indispensable to the "white affair", such as the auxiliary personnel of the barracks and the teahouse. Of course, included in these trades craftsmen have their own specialties, such as carving, tying, laminating, modeling, painting and coloring, as well as playing instrumental music and so on.

Two

The whole content of the old time white affair can not be clear in a few words, which contains a lot of written materials from the history of folklore is difficult to verify the custom, those complicated customs and habits, some of which have a "source" or allegory, and some of them are just inherited into a habit of passing down. And with the different regions, customs are also different. For example, Tianjin and Beijing in the White House on the discrepancy, only Tianjin in this regard and divided into the southern gift, the northern gift of difference, "big family" and "well-off families" also have a difference.

Preparation work is very troublesome, people a dying (here refers to the death of the elderly mourners, enough to be able to do a big white people) the mourners immediately find close friends and relatives to study for. All the preparations are no more than spend money on the road, including please, set up, find. Leasing, ordering, purchasing, making, and all the rest. Now in order to say:

1. please chief The chief is in order to prepare for the good operation of this funeral, he must have experience in doing such things, and can be related to the community industry contacts. Also equipped with a few deputies to listen to the chief (some call the prime minister), in order to pick up the burden in an organized manner. Whether or not the funeral home's white affair can be run smoothly, and the chief steward has a very big relationship.

2. Set up the bookkeeper Mourning families are generally looking for friends and relatives to play the bookkeeper. He is in charge of all kinds of expenditures in the white affair, and set up accounts, including registration of friends and relatives to send and elegiac couplets, hanging scrolls, plaques, wreaths, paper work and send the "chanting scripture" and so on, and then also to calculate the expenses, pay for labor.

3. Looking for the bar room The first is to be auspicious board (mortuary board), called Eunsaku. This board is a large lacquer gold live, gold longevity characters, two stools above the frame also has a gold flower pattern.

4. carved coffins There are two cases. One is the house as early as for the old man to store good "material"; the second is the death of a person now by the mourners to the material store to see into the coffin or material, selected raw materials transported to the door of the home now by the material store workers to produce. There is also a difference between the north and the south in the style of the coffin. The old society burial only in the coffin this item to spend a large part of the money. The most elaborate and expensive (and rare) for the sunken wood, followed by gold nanmu, cypress, generally can be said to be with cedar thirteen round, that is, with thirteen cedar carved into a coffin. In addition to have long been painted, are white stubble into the coffin, and then lacquer (large paint on one with a charcoal fire baked once), and later to write in the head of the coffin (white flat characters), after the coffin painted lotus.

5. looking for the shed store white affair scaffolding divided into several kinds. Some only take the flat shed, more elaborate to take the "ridge shed", with flower work. Some take the warmth of the shed, the two bread fine mat, set up a patio, hanging blue group crane ceiling. The main entrance of the shed to build a street building, building and over the ridge, hanging colorful nets. Sheds in the yard to install colorful glass windows, some tie the moon door with railings, platform (platform) Jin Di Jin with railings, spacious and bright shed, can hang hanging scrolls, couplets and chanting the "water and land". In addition, in order to entertain condolences for friends and relatives, in the hutong open place to take the guest seat shed and small stove shed, shed price is quite expensive.

6. Rental tables and chairs White used tables, chairs and stools, and in the spirit of the table on the five offerings plate, teapot, tea bowls and other paraphernalia, to be rented from the white goods store.

7. looking for the teahouse big white ceremony to find the teahouse is also very important, they are ostensibly to serve the guests, but actually in the funeral home to stop the spirit of a number of days, in case of recitation and other moves to play a very important role. Therefore, the teahouse must be familiar with the funeral program and a variety of etiquette, but also to understand the relationship between the male with filial piety and the deceased, in the recitation of the scripture, into the coffin, to receive three, to send the road, into the service, sacrificial door, hair lead and so on, to have a certain "work" number of the road. The head of the teahouse in these activities should be most careful, each of which should be done at the eye of the festival in line with the requirements of etiquette, can not be a little negligent. The main family has several kinds of relatives such as aunts and wives, aunts and wives, uncle family and so on special love "nitpicking". In the past, there was a big family to do white, in the pantry to serve the mourning son salute and into the dress of the etiquette of the loopholes, the result of the aunt hit the head of the pantry a slap in the face, so some of the more prestigious head of the pantry easily do not dare to respond to the work of the big family. However, they make a lot of money, a big white down, they can be divided into thousands of yuan (several teahouse points), they are counted in each kind of activity, such as sending mourning clothes counted as a share, chanting rituals and another share, sacrificial door, send road, pick up the three and so on as long as there is an activity to take a share of the money.

8. looking for white goods store that is in the white goods store to rent the funeral process of things, such as funeral list frame, as well as all the funeral flag, gongs, umbrellas, fans, snow willow and a variety of funeral ceremonial appliances, with objects.

9. Drummers There are two kinds of drummers: one is the class that plays "big music", using suona, trombone, drums, gongs, etc., and its songs are "on the ah wenwang sequence", etc.; the other is the fine music class, with instruments such as sheng, pipe, flute, gongs, etc., commonly known as "ten fans", and the other is the class that plays "big music".

The other is a fine music group, with instruments such as sheng, pipe, flute, gong, etc., commonly known as "ten music".

10. booking Zachai that is tied paper people and paper horses. Some of the tie fine, high as a real person, with silk, hemp, silk and other clothing, but also tie gold and silver mountains, trees, as well as houses, indoor furniture, etc., are customized according to the needs of the situation.

11. looking for tailor store, we pay attention to the person is not dead in advance will be rushed to make a good mourning clothes. There is a difference in the mourning clothes, the house should be with mourning people mourning clothes hem bald stubble not edge, foreign relatives mourning clothes are edge. In addition, all male and female servants in the house are given a mourning garment, hemmed. All the mourning clothes are not taken back by the master's family after the white event. The tailor's store is immediately ready with the notification of the visitor.

12. booking banquet Mourners from the coffin will be prepared from the hospitality meal, made by the house chef, weekdays meal is not a seat, but at least eight dishes. In the last recitation of the Bible, send the road, hair lead in three days to set up tables for guests, some as many as a hundred tables, are the top of the mountain and the sea food, divided into the religion, the religion of the Muslims, but also need to prepare for the vegetarian seats. These are in advance in a large restaurant to ask the master to come to the house of the stove is now made. In the old society, there are some people who specialize in white food, even if and do not know the main family of the red and white events, as long as he knows, he will try to sneak in and sit down to eat. Shed entertained many guests, more seats, who do not know who, so these people ate wiped his head on the go, some ate the round to eat that round, which is often the case.

13. Sporadic purchases such as small oil lamps, tile pots (also known as funeral pots, is the coffin out of the hall when the filial son of the box fell), life cans, with a red rope wrapped around the funeral by the housewife held in her arms; followed by such as white bone hairpins, white head rope (tied with the head), and so on, and so on.

14. Rent a white sedan chair, rent a carriage White sedan chair is for the mourning woman funeral ride, the carriage is for the funeral of the old and young women's friends and relatives used.

Longevity clothes

Longevity clothes for the dead are quite complicated. Since the Republic of China, regardless of whether the deceased in the past, "merit", generally large families are in accordance with the "official clothes" to wear (Qing dynasty official clothes). Male **** wear seven: cloth single pants and coats, silk moon color with a small circle on the life of a cotton jacket pants, a blue silk life of a robe, embroidered flat gold robe, a day plain-colored lab coat. The tops have no collar, do not nail the buckle trip, head wearing red tasseled official hat, feet wearing boots, cotton socks, wear court beads. If there is a merit in the past is more trouble, military officials are military generals to wear. Women are also seven pieces, wearing cloth pants coat, cotton pants jacket, cotton jacket, cloak, skirt, outerwear are flat gold embroidery, head wearing a phoenix crown, wearing cape, but also a lotus pendant, such as a hairpin, a nine-link ring, inlaid with a pair of pearl earrings, the above are all red gold. Its phoenix crown is useful for point cui bead flower, nine consecutive rings are useful for sandalwood.

Pearls have its many uses, such as men and women on the tip of each nail a grain, in the population contains a grain, this kind of scene is just to show that it is broad, do not mean. Then there is the so-called "gold cover silver". Yellow silk Shouzi cotton mattress, white silk Shouzi bedding a single, another sea mattress sea was prepared by a piece of red and green silk embroidered flat gold, embroidered seawater on the teeth of the river (end of the world), divided into seven clouds, nine clouds, the more the price of the cloud the more expensive. Sea was a round hole on the upper side, can be exposed to the face of the dead, and then on the dressing of a dora was (with yellow silk on the printing of the Buddha's image and the mantra of life, etc.), and then is the headrest, foot pillow, are made of yellow silk, three-dimensional, floating paste Lotus, and with the colors of damask packages set in the Lotus petals. Women's birthday suit for the Han Chinese, but also by the Qing dynasty empress dress costume.

In short, about the birthday suit and accessory jewelry and clothing as extravagant as possible, not the average civilian hundred sex can afford.

Layout

1. indoor layout after the death of all the mirrors in the house, hanging pictures and paintings, boxes and cabinets on the copper live all with white sheets on the mask or paste on the table with colorful flowers on the table are turned to the back of the decorations, heavy filial son of the house of the sheets, curtains, chairs, cushions, etc., all replaced by white cloth, but in the interior of the grandson in-laws to be replaced by the entire "leaning" color cloth. "color cloth.

2. outside the room layout All the doors of each room are sealed with white paper in the center, like sticking Spring Festival couplets in general. Street door of the door frame, the heart of the door also sealed white paper.

Notification.

1. Reporting Mourning After all the arrangements have been made, it is time to report the mourning to relatives and friends. Mourning post is a pink slip of paper, in the name of the old servants out of the post, which reads:

Family master (or old lady, grand master, grand lady) XXX XXX in X year X month X X time life, scheduled for X month X X time mortuary, I hereby inform. Family XXX kowtow

The post to the printing bureau (or their own printing) to print a number of copies, sent to friends and relatives (beforehand, open the "slips", according to the name, address delivery), in order to meet the condolences of the people.

2. The funeral list funeral list shaped like the old hat mirror, mounted on a flower tooth in the hat, about 5 feet high, 3 feet wide, the center of the white paper writing, placed in the door.

3. Hanging Zuo money paper black lacquer wooden pole, head mounted white copper Ruyi hooks, hanging on a strand of white paper (on the faceted money seal), each string of three, corner connected, the lower end cut into a pointed shape (male) or concave (female). According to the age of the deceased to determine the number of strips. Inserted in the wooden seat to the male left and female right placed in the doorway.

4. Standing streamers outside the gate with three fir poles, coated with white powder, male and female right stand, the top of the pole mounted on a papier-maché "children riding cranes.

There is another rule: if the deceased has both parents alive, the door is not closed, no streamers are set up, and the spirit of the bed can not be parked in the house, but in the side of the house.

Small coffins and mourning clothes

1. small alkali small coffins are generally similar to the program. Some people in the old man before the death of the deceased began to cut hair, shaving, purification, women to comb the head. After the first filial son or daughter for the old man to wear a small coat, the outer layers of the life jacket is done by the Eunuch.

2. lead the incense After the person died, lit a stream of incense, sent from the house outside the gate, thrown in the street. At the same time, burning paper people, paper horses, paper sedan chair, meaning that the dead ride a horse and sedan chair away. And from the bed to move to the auspicious board, but also to ask the "yin and yang" to look at the direction, which is said to be "sleeping". Life jacket to put on, in its sleeve put a baklava, left and right hand each put a gold and silver treasure.

Small table in front of the spirit, put on the incense burner, candle cuttings, oil lamps, white wax, fruit offerings. Pointed on an inverted incense (burning two), and then a sheet of paper money, not for meals, after the coffin to burn paper can be rolled up and burned.

3. "Dedication of filial piety" and "send filial piety" Dedication of filial piety is an outsider (relatives) wear filial piety, is a filial son or a filial woman with a servant (or teahouse) hold a wooden tea tray, put on the mourning clothes, walked in front of people kowtow first. When the teahouse raises the tray, the person wearing the mourning clothes takes it and the teahouse helps to put it on. The other is to the aunt or granduncle filial piety clothes,

filial piety than the aunt generation more than most have to kneel to offer, kowtow (filial piety son of filial piety woman to see friends and relatives and condolences to salute, are kneeling on both legs, the other wearing filial piety in the house of men and women to salute is one-legged kneeling). There is a proverb: "The head of a filial son, flowing all over the street, kowtows first to anyone he sees." Those of the aunt generation wear a regular coat made of bleached white cloth, a black threaded Roman coat, a bleached white cloth hoop on the hat, a bleached white belt around the waist, and a red pom-pom on the back of the grandson's aunt.

Sending filial piety is to the unmarried daughter-in-law (XX granddaughter-in-law). It is a symbolic mourning dress sent to the female side by the family members with a tray one with a white cloth on top and a cross lined with red threads of red pom poms. And the female side is accepted by the family, picking off the red thread, taking away the white cloth, and then putting the reward money. If these female party in the funeral home before the funeral to send the mourning tent and other gifts, the funeral home to the female party back to send a table.

4. Mourning family mourning clothes divided into South Rites North Rites is no more than coarse white cloth mourning robe, with a tie stomach. Some in the hat on both sides of the nail an old money embellished with hemp, others wear a straight hat. Into the coffin when the mourning son of hemp to cut off more than an inch long, called "please hemp", placed in the material. Then there is a white cloth sealed shoes, heel nailed a red cloth, the intention is to

the next generation of people "stay blessed".

Before and after the coffin

If the above are some of the old society is often feudal venom of the row, the following and then expose a variety of purely superstitious colors of the "scene" and move.

1. turn spell This move is the dead parked properly, invited a few monks in the surroundings around the chanting of sutras, in order to show that the soul of the dead. And monks will also do business, such as temples specifically sent monks to probe around to see, as long as they see which outside the house set up a streamer pole, they rush to turn the mantra. After this all chanting activities will have to invite their temple people, really in the dead body to find money.

2. welcome material This program is very simple, the coffin into the house, please a "whole person" old lady, holding a liter of sorghum and a red cloth pants, material to the door, the two things into the empty coffin, shouting "welcome wealth". At the same time filial piety women also cried "father (mom) welcome wealth ah!"

3. into the base of the so-called coffin first by the yin and yang look good hour, invited drummers to play Tianjin first big music. Yard set up a flag, gongs, umbrellas, fans, the sound of gongs creepy, by filial piety men hold the body head, filial piety women hold the body feet, Eunuchs role five feet long white cloth pocket in the waist, into the coffin. With a red bag (hairy paper wrapped in large straw paper) tucked tightly around, put with the funeral crystal. Then use new cotton to cover the face around, called "open face". And then by the role of the Eunuch silver needle dipped in a basin of water, in the face of a virtual scratch, called "open light". After using cotton dipped in water to wipe the mouth and face. At that time, filial sons and daughters stood on both sides of the coffin and watched. At this time, the teahouse announced that everything is ready, please family members to see if there is anything wrong, this is also to the remains of the farewell. The teahouse calls out, "Who else is going to take a look?" If no one look again, by the disobedient put "sub

cover", paint seal, after the big cover floating cover. The crowd cried out in mourning, and at this time, they took off the paper and put it into a paper man or a paper cow's belly and burned it.

After the coffin began morning and evening in front of the spirit of food. When the daybreak burned chicken song paper, evening darkness burned twilight paper each time. At the time of the meal, the mourning woman should cry for a while. After the death of its pillow pillow first split a small mouth on the bottom of the coffin, to be out of the funeral will be poured out of the things burned, pillow skin thrown away, which is called the "reverse pillow

head.

4. burn package with white paper folded and cut into a net bag, which is loaded with gold and silver paper ingot, mouth inserted red paper pomegranate a flower, every "seven" (seven days) to burn once, a "seven" to burn a two "seven" to burn two, and so on. "burn two, and so on, until seven" seven "until.

5. Receive three The next night after the death of the chanting (male monks, female Taoist priests), to the night (night twelve o'clock) after the "send three". Chanting the scripture wear vestments, beat the magic weapon, on the door outside (or front yard) of the high platform chanting the scripture, will be all kinds of paper work in the open space to burn. At the same time outside the gate behind the stage put grass mats, all the filial son and his family, relatives and friends are facing the West kneeling on the seat (this refers to the dead on the lookout for the last time on the lookout for the people at home). At one stage of the sutra recitation, the family members cry out. Then comes the "fireworks". Monk read "summoning all kinds of ghosts", when read to the name of the deceased, family members raise clothes. Monk Dazha threw small steamed buns, some of which are sandwiched between coins. Watching the children rush to pick up. Hard to say is not afraid to eat, purely superstitious talk.

6. recite the general coffin spirit at home at least three to five "seven" (period) (thirty-five days), up to seven "seven", (forty-nine days). The sutras are not recited every day, but only one sutra per "seven" days. In addition to the scriptures invited at home, there are also scriptures "sent" by close relatives. The price of reciting the sutra varies, and is generally said to cost from 200 to 300 yuan (silver dollars in the Republic of China).

The "program" of reading scriptures is also very complicated. On this day, the temple first sent to send the scripture box, prearranged, in the shed set up a few tables, hanging red satin embroidered flowers around the table, the table to put the Buddha statue frames, incense burners, wax cuttings, a variety of instruments (musical instruments). The red satin embroidered "Huanmen" is hung near the table. Ten frames of "water and land" are hung on the four walls of the shed, on which are painted the Ten Halls of Hell. Hang a cloth streamer on the pole outside the door. This is the temple "store" should do the work. The beginning of the monk plainclothes (ordinary monk clothes)

Sit down to read a pass, the monk reads the general is the Sutra of the Vajra (nuns with the same), to the afternoon "burning door" when the store to the monk shouted "masters take clothes", they put on embroidered robes (commonly known as vestments), wearing a robe, a robe, a robe, a robe, a robe, a robe, a robe, a robe and a robe. They put on embroidered robes (commonly known as vestments), robes, blowing and playing the magic weapon.

7. burning door paper will be dusk, the monk in front, by the teahouse to support a side of the plate, inside the "sparse" to lead the way, behind some paper work, and then behind the relatives with filial piety, and finally the house and filial son. These people lined up, traveling through the prescribed road, and then to a vacant lot, the teahouse will tray to the filial son, lit the "thin", burning paper work. After these ceremonies, the monks return to their homes or temporarily return to the temple, and then come back at night to set off fireworks.

8. fireworks This project is divided into two kinds, one is "to receive three" after an ordinary form of fireworks, another form is more complex, including the following three points: ① light: first in the spirit of the platform under the scripture platform to install two coherent wire, on the installation of pulleys. Spirit in front of a wooden crane, on which there is a child to worship Buddha puppet, the child's hands on a wooden plate, can put three lights. Before and after the white rope to pull, light is folded with yellow and white cotton paper, cut into chrysanthemum-shaped, which put the wick (or small candles). Beijing white also have this custom, that is, the dead will be placed on the auspicious board when the beginning of the "scattered flowers", the meaning of which is to lead to the lamp to send the soul to light, and Tianjin is similar. The number of lanterns and the number of years of the dead is proportional to the number of lanterns, each lantern walking on the rope about two or three minutes, the speed can not be fast. Filial son has been kneeling in front of the spirit, a long time, sometimes have to filial grandchildren temporarily instead. ②Crossing the bridge. This is from the rope in front of the spirit "running streamers". ③ Ten thrones. That is, first in the courtyard with a table to build a large platform, about four tables yards up to put together into a platform, *** four layers, four meters high. Chanting monks are wearing vestments. Four layers high in the center of the "big seat", hand bell, head wearing five Buddha crown, the monks on both sides of the Division of the blowing and playing instruments. Such as drums, cymbals, gongs, chimes, bells, woodchucks, pipes, sheng, flute, etc., and the bottom layer of the yellow robe wearing a red robe of the "Elder". Filial sons also kneel to listen to the chanting. This is the "Northern School" move, the meaning of which is the superlative. The teahouse plays a big role in this, he guided the filial son in the field of various activities.

9. Family Festival After the first sutra, the family festival is held at noon, and the son makes three offerings to the spirit.

10. opening of the hanging After the family ritual is considered "rite of passage", at this time you can receive friends and relatives to come to offer condolences, there is a group of drummers outside the door, in case of a guest into the door, they will blow a burst, notify the house. Kneeling on both sides of the platform on the filial son, the platform is covered with red felt worship mat. Guests a salute on stage, the stage fine music class began to play (guests are more polite first red felt lifted up and then salute), under the stage, there are family members exclusively waiting to thank the guests (single-legged skewers), guests off the stage, the side of the teahouse to play the bell, fine music to stop, by the "guest of honor" (hostesses) to offer a silk flower hanging in front of their chests, accompanied by the lead to the guest hut to rest.

11. Scattered post The post for the dark gray or yellow folded scroll, the outer page of the printed "obituary" two words, the content of the text is: unfilial male XXX sins are serious, not perish from the scourge of extension

Xiankao XXX (mother of X mother X's) pain in the X year X month X X when life is dead, from the birth of X year X month X XX year XX year XX year XX year. Obituary

We have heard that on X month X day

Chanjing

Joining the three

X month X day first seven-scripture to send the library

X month X day e quarter of the hair cited

Only sad son of weeping blood kibble

(father died called orphans, mother died called

mourning son)

RanFan is not as well prepared to be loaded

That is the the entire content of the sending post, another manifestation of feudal rites.

12. The subject of the Lord of God, also known as the "spirit book", is written with the name of the dead (some with the official title) of the wooden tablets. The exquisite is made of sandalwood, with a seat, with a wooden set. First of all, please book masters to write the Lord of God, the name is the subject of the Lord. Title writing when the filial son to go to the mourning clothes, change auspicious clothing (green cloth robe coat), kneeling on the red felt under the table, after writing kowtow to send the guest, and then sent to the seat on a table.

13. The main point of the main point is only a red dot on the written God's main point, it will take a lot of trouble. The person invited to the main point should be a civil official with a good reputation, known as the "main point official". When the invitee arrives at the funeral home, a gong is sounded in front of the house, and he or she is dressed in official civilian clothes and sits in a palanquin with eight carriers, and has a long entourage to hold the official's clothes. After arriving in the living room to change official clothes, there are "auspicious people" to meet, filial son wearing "auspicious clothes" kneeling to welcome. Sit down at a table, flanked by the "master of the company". To be pointed to the main official with a new brush dipped in vermilion sand in the Lord of the Lord of God's main character add a red dot (there are filial son pierced the middle finger and then add a point of blood). Two people accompany the master, one to dip the brush in red, the other to hold the pen. After that, the mourners must send a ceremony or a banquet.

Before and after the coffin

1. send the road The entire program to "set up a banquet", "send the road" is close to the eve of the funeral. Banquet guests mentioned earlier, will not repeat. Send the road, is in the evening after dinner, the front guide is the flag and gong umbrella fan and the deceased official title board, followed by drummers, monks or Taoist priests, by the teahouse (guest teahouse) to guide the guests forward, followed by relatives of foreign surnames, the order of the clan's immediate family members, and finally is the son of a filial piety by the two teahouse racked, hand-held paper tablets, walked to the open place to be burned, monks blowing a pass, after the completion of the filial piety to kowtow thanked the guests, the guest dispersed. Deacon and other people back to the house blowing until late at night, which is called "sitting shed".

2. Accompanied by lodging to send the road back, all close friends and relatives can stay in the funeral home. Until the time of resignation, relatives and family members in order to the spirit of salute, playing fine music, called "resignation". After the ceremony, there is also the "sweeping of the soil", which is placed under the mattress of the son who is heavily mourning his death. Next is the "embedded coffin", the coffin will be embedded in a corner, under the pad a copper coin, mourning, the coffin on the life of the nail to hang a string of colorful silk thread.

3. Picking up the cans After the resignation is to pick up the cans. Will be prepared for the life of the pot filled with five kinds of grains, and then by the filial son of the deceased will love to eat the dish pick point into the pot. Chopsticks are held by the tea house, and an apple is placed to block the mouth. Red cloth cover and then twisted into a network with red floss, put the head of the coffin. This is operated by the teahouse, to be sent when the lead by the "whole person" will be placed in the arms of the daughter-in-law holding, in a sedan chair or car for burial.

4. Fajin is the funeral. After breakfast, the guests ate a meal on the table, and then waited for the funeral. Mourning family heavy filial son are standing to eat, said sleep and food disturbances, grief has been extreme.

5. The invited monks, Taoist priests, nuns, lamas, bands, drummers are one by one to the front of the platform to play once, known as the spirit of participation, and then began the funeral.

6. The funeral home is prepared by the "whole person" to light wax and press the bed (put an apple in a magnetic bottle). You are not allowed to sit on the bed until it is time to return to the coffin. Issued to the family mourners two small steamed buns, put into their pockets, to prepare to help the mourning woman, coffin out of the hall, the mourning woman cried to stay in the money, their hands are not allowed to touch the door frame.

7. Sacrifice the door The coffin will go out, the door will be closed by the teahouse, and two white papers will be pasted on the door. After the salute, turn your head and leave, do not enter the house, the teahouse uncovered the paper to open the door, after the funeral home to send a generous gift to the sacrificial door official.

After the sacrifice of the door, the door arranged by the funeral honor guards are to be in line order to depart through the door of the funeral home, so these teams in the funeral often filled several streets.

8. Paper work type of funeral is another set of paper work, the front is the ghost of the road, big head ghost. Paper ranks are: all the bedroom "furniture", bed nets and bedding are real, as well as furnishings, curiosities, followed by real clothing "men and women servants", "maids", "Children" and so on, at least 8, the paper man chest pasted on the name, and its ears, eyes, mouth, nose and tie an eye (to show that you can listen to see, say). Their hands are holding a thing, such as a basin, comb box, hookah, spittoon, cakes, fish and vegetables. Some papier-maché carriages and automobiles with four movable wheels are pushed by people.

9. The bar The day before the citation in front of the door of the open space set up a good big bar, called "bright bar". When the coffin moved to the big bar. At that time, the opposite side of a high platform, the monk holding the soul of the flag read a while. Filial son kneeling in front of the bar, then the commanding officer of the bar to play "loud feet", said "please basin!" The son dropped the basin and cried for a while, and at the same time, the cannon was fired three times. Tea house took the soul streamer to the filial son of the bar, the other hand to take the "mourning stick", began to go out on the street. Another person "withdraw paper money", the best craft is a handful of paper money thrown upwards, and high, and scattered into the sky, one by one Xu fell.

Funeral

1. The lineup and arrangement of the honor guard according to the funeral, it is the order of: open the way to the ghost, left and right a big head of ghosts, ming jing (about 4 meters high, shaped like a pavilion, hanging red silk, nailed to the deceased's title), followed by a pair of gongs, a class of drummers (are wearing a numbered coat), several pairs of official title cards, a hall of red color spectacles, a top of the return of the soul sedan chair (green, black), and then there is a few "big seat". Several "big seats", including lamp pavilion, stove pavilion, flower pavilion, incense pavilion, shadow pavilion (this pavilion to put the statue and the Lord of God), each big seat in front of the pavilion embroidery with the pavilion the same color of the eight embroidered umbrellas, eight hangings of incense. Then there are monks, Taoists and nuns. The big seat is carried by 16 people in one shift, two shifts of people down, each person issued a new towel, playing deacon's child with bangs hoops, issued a new pair of shoes. Then there are wreaths, couplets, plaques, send funeral relatives and friends, guests, paper work, with filial piety relatives, clan, Xueliu, filial son (with a filial mantle to cover).

2. Coffins The coffins are not the same, depending on the family, status and economic strength of the number of people carrying the coffin. The smallest 16 kongs (people), 24 kongs, a little broader is 32 kongs, the richest or have the title of 48 kongs, and even 64 kongs (two classes is 108 people), there are double call (head) to play the loud ruler, commanding the change of shoulders, stop, go forward, change of classes and other actions. This person in the middle of the march there is a set of "lingo" to show the crowd. Kung Fu wearing green driving clothes, black and red felt hat inserted a chicken plume, beige pants.

Before the big bar is a large red embroidered umbrella, half a pair of luan driving (including wooden gold melon, battle-axe, towards the sky stool, etc.). After the bar is again half a pair of luan driving. Finally, the white sedan chair and carriage for the family members of the bereaved.

The whole team marching slower, sometimes the big seat also "road fall", a big seat to hold down the corner, to be far ahead of the deacon, lifting the big seat in this one or two feet away from the road running forward, the head of the mouth shouting "fall ... ... ...", running up to speak of steps together, the pavilion is not crooked and not pawing, is very spectacular.

3. tea table in the funeral through the route, by the chief sent people to contact with merchants, set up a tea table at the door, for the team to supply tea. Another teahouse to send tea to the mourning son, family members and so on.

4. Road sacrifice This is sent by friends and relatives of a ridge through the hall road sacrifice shed, the line stops before the shed, the statue on the table, and set up a sacrificial table. Filial son in the shed kneeling with the salute, the order of the mourners to pay homage. After returning to the procession to move on, and then have a "sacrificial shed" as above.

5. Staying in the spirit of thanksgiving funeral guests can leave the occasion of staying in the spirit of thanksgiving. They can stop a few times during the whole process.

After the return of the spirit

1. The return of the spirit

After the return of the spirit

1. The funeral to the spirit to thank the guests, almost all the process has come to an end.

To the cemetery, has been playing a good hole, the coffin unloaded, under the hole. After the burial, there is back to the spirit. Ming Jing, paper work, snow willow, etc. with the big bar down to the ground, the rest of the deacons have to return to the door of the funeral home to disperse. The main deity and the statue are invited down by the youngest son or grandson of the deceased and placed in the residence with the support.

2. A fire bowl is placed inside the main door, and a "whole man" holds a piece of candy. Anyone who comes back to the house must step over the fire bowl, and the "whole man" will give him a piece of candy.

3. An spirit of the funeral home in the coffin out of the hall, in the original room ready to white table for the Lord God, hanging statues, candles and incense, playing fine music, filial son bowing to salute the spirit of peace.

4. Round grave 3 days after the funeral morning, by the filial son, filial daughter led by the main members of the family with incense, wax and paper ingot to the cemetery round grave, pay homage. Ask a little girl in red to walk around the grave three times, called "open the door of wealth". After returning to the filial son of filial piety clothing, each person to take a hot steamed bread stuffed with brown sugar, the name is "cold hands grab hot steamed bread

head".

To this point, all the white program is the end.