Innovative thinking and methods of architectural design

From the analysis of the development status of architectural design, architectural design pursues distinctive personality and colorful creative style in the 2 1 century. If we lose the breakthrough, there will be no innovation. Man is good at breaking the old world, but he should know how to create a new one. Therefore, architects should go out of the tradition and habit of design and make new attempts at architecture, which is the key part of past and future architectural design.

1. Innovative thinking in architectural design (1. Divergent and integrated thinking mode

Innovative thinking is a very complex form of thinking, and its basic operating elements are divergent thinking and integrated thinking. Divergent thinking refers to a form of thinking in which we recombine some ideas in order to find a variety of possible answers, solutions, conclusions or assumptions to the problems that need to be solved. It is the form of innovative thinking and the essence or foundation of innovative thinking. Integrated thinking refers to reorganizing some concepts obtained in the past and looking for the only correct answer in the same process. It is a form of seeking common ground for innovative thinking and an indispensable prerequisite for innovative thinking. Innovative thinking in architectural design requires both divergent thinking and integrated thinking, both of which are indispensable.

(B) Three-dimensional composite way of thinking

Three-dimensional and compound way of thinking is the way of thinking that gallops through the whole space. Because objective things are an organic and unified whole system with multi-component and multi-level characteristics. The key of the three-dimensional compound thinking mode lies in that, after establishing the thinking object, it emphasizes that the thinking subject should start from the various attributes contained in objective things, comprehensively, comprehensively and integrally investigate and feedback it, so that the intricate relationship network among the internal elements of the holistic things can be clearly displayed in front of people. Stereo thinking and compound thinking combine the advantages and advantages of linear thinking and plane thinking, and broaden the scope of thinking activities. Architecture is a complex complex, and the three-dimensional and compound thinking is especially suitable for innovative thinking in architectural design.

Second, the innovation of architectural design methods Today, the architectural circles in China basically follow the traditional design methods based on the experience, intuition and inspiration of architects, and the improvement and renewal of architectural design methods will promote the evolution of architecture. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the improvement of architectural design methods and explore new architectural design methods.

(A) innovative methods of natural science architectural design

First, bionic method. Bionics is a science that studies the structure and properties of biological systems and provides new design ideas and working principles for engineering technology. Bionic innovation mainly carries out architectural innovation from three aspects: shape, structure and function. The innovation of formal bionic architecture is mainly that designers introduce some morphological characteristics of animals and plants into architectural design, such as the carp-shaped fish-flavored restaurant designed by Frank Gehry. Structural bionics mainly means that designers apply some internal stress structural principles of animals and plants to architectural design. For example, the structural principles of thin-shell buildings refer to the stress principle of eggshells. Functional bionic method is mainly to introduce some life function principles of animals and plants into architectural design, such as the Swiss Reinsurance Headquarters Building in London, and its spiral architectural design is inspired by the motion mechanism of sponges. Second, the ecological method. Ecological innovation methods mainly include two innovative ways: combining ecological environment law and citing ecological technology law. In terms of architectural design innovation combined with ecological environment, such as the large glass greenhouse in the National Botanical Garden in Wales, England, the designers designed the greenhouse to be very environmentally friendly, transparent to the greatest extent, with the lowest shadow range, so that visitors can see the internal environment very clearly. Based on the introduction of ecological technology, architectural design innovation can introduce ecological technology to carry out architectural innovation on the basis of using sound, light and electricity technology.

(b) Innovative methods of science and technology

First, structural technical methods. This law refers to the use of related structural technologies of building science and technology to achieve architectural design innovation, which is an important way to achieve architectural design breakthrough and innovation. Like what? Long-span structural technology? 、? High-rise and super-high-rise structural technology? . For example, the structural innovation of suspension system is adopted in the architectural design of HSBC Building. Second, the material technology method. Material technology method generally refers to the way that designers use the related material technology of building science and technology to realize architectural design innovation. In different development stages of architectural design, different building materials and technologies are used, and different building materials have different properties, as well as spatial forms and manifestations consistent with the performance of materials, such as ancient tree materials; Modern stone, cement, glass and synthetic building materials can all be used to realize design innovation. Third, the technical method based on equipment. This law generally refers to the method of realizing architectural design innovation by using the innovation of related equipment and technology of architectural technology. Architectural design often needs to consider other equipment, such as heating equipment, ventilation equipment, lighting equipment and so on. And the innovation of these equipment and architectural design is becoming more and more obvious.

(C) innovative methods of environmental protection design

With the excessive demand for earth resources, the concept of environmental protection design leads to the imbalance of ecosystems in many environmental fields, and human beings are facing increasingly serious ecological problems, which directly pose a serious threat to the environment on which human beings depend. It is precisely because of this situation that the global environmental movement has developed rapidly. The green and harmonious revolution composed of man and nature has been launched on a global scale, and the architectural ecology and home ecology have also been put on the agenda in line with the development trend of the times. In fact, the concept of ecology has always lacked freshness, because there are more or less simple ideas of ecology in the process of continuous evolution and development. Generally speaking, ecology refers to the relationship between nature and human beings. Ecological architecture should deal with the relationship between good people, architecture and nature. It needs to create a comfortable small space for human beings, and at the same time protect the surrounding environment to promote the sustainable existence of resources conducive to human development. At present, China has made great progress in ecological architecture. For example, some architects in Japan, the United States and other places have successfully studied many ecological buildings, and at the same time put forward a very profound theory of architectural ecology, and our country has also made some achievements in this research. It is a positive social attitude that designers should have to design environment-friendly green buildings. With the continuous development of human technology concepts, there will be broader development prospects.

(D) Dynamic optimization of architectural design methods

Dynamic architectural design method requires exploring the direction, trend, speed and mode of architectural development and change, as well as the power, application and law. For architectural design, it is based on the present and takes into account the future. The optimal architectural design method holds that the process of building formation is actually a process of integration of differences, which organically organizes all parts of the building, stimulates positive overall effects and promotes? Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? . For example, when evaluating a building, we can often clearly perceive the unique style of the building and the strong personal color of the architect for no reason.

(E) the application of digital technology in architectural design innovation

Digital technology affects people's lives more and more, and also brings new development to architectural design, affecting all aspects of architectural design. Digital technology has broken the simple form in the past and pursued diversified aesthetic tastes. In the aspect of shape shaping, it rebelled against the single shape and strong geometric shape of modernism in the past, which was reflected in the tendency of nonlinear shape. The application of digital technology in the field of architectural design has further promoted this diversified trend. In the computer, architects can distort shapes at will and add and subtract shapes in complicated ways. Digital technology has also affected the skin of the building. Ubiquitous electronic display screen or some advertising media, flashing neon lights, etc. Being able to update information quickly and continuously has naturally become an architect's design? New means? . The rise of digital media culture has pushed the factors that were originally regarded as non-architecture to the foreground. Under the influence of image culture, architects have a wider range of means to create a contrast atmosphere. In the perception of architecture, various factors play a role at the same time, from science and technology to fashion, information and media can all become the design elements and expression means of architecture. Digital technology has played an infinite role in architectural design innovation.