How to establish the school-running concept of integration of production and education and characteristic development?

First, the relationship between the development model and transformation of colleges and universities

The development pattern of colleges and universities can be roughly divided into three important stages: new type, transformation and finalization. Innovation is the starting point, transformation is the demand, and stereotypes are deepening. Among them, the transformation refers to the overall transformation of the school-running concept, orientation, system and measures of colleges and universities, and the overall replacement of local undergraduate colleges from pursuing traditional and established "academic style" to modern and innovative "application style", which plays a key role in connecting the preceding with the following, and is an objective need for "national and ethnic needs" to force profound changes in the field of education. At present, the trend of convergence of disciplines and specialties, homogenization of talent training, weak ability to serve the regional economy and poor employability of students in newly-built undergraduate colleges leads to the crisis of demand for applied talents (large scale of graduates and few talents available in industrial enterprises), which forces local undergraduate colleges to transform, re-examine new positioning and planning, and then finalize the design, which means that the development of local undergraduate colleges has entered a mature and stable state.

Second, the relationship between starting point and goal.

The logical starting point of the transformation of local undergraduate universities to Universities of Applied Sciences lies in the "deep integration and collaborative innovation" of various internal and external dynamic factors. The external driving force lies in the inevitable demand of industrial transformation and upgrading and intensified market competition, and it is also the objective requirement of the overall classified management of higher education and the construction of modern vocational education system under the trend of popularization of higher education. The internal motivation lies in the fundamental transformation of the core values and school-running ideas of colleges and universities, and it is also the fundamental embodiment of school-running orientation and planning. We should look at education with a broad world outlook, pay attention to the future, think about education and do education close to the needs. Maintain the reputation of colleges and universities and meet the expectations of parents. Therefore, the key to the transformation and development of local undergraduate colleges is to update their concepts, take the market demand as the guide, and take the deep integration of production and education as the guide. The goal is to cultivate high-level technical talents for the country, cultivate "skilled workers" and "skilled craftsmen" to meet the market demand for the enterprise industry, and provide students with high-quality employment and entrepreneurial skills.

Third, the relationship between transformation process and evaluation

The key to the smooth transformation of local undergraduate colleges is to formulate a good transformation plan and build a scientific evaluation index system to evaluate and inspect the advantages and disadvantages of the plan. Six universities in Chongqing were identified by the Ministry of Education (Weibo) as pilot universities for strategic research in Universities of Applied Sciences, accounting for nearly 1/6 of the total number of pilot universities in the Ministry of Education and 1/2 of newly-built undergraduate universities in Chongqing. First of all, we have formulated the evaluation index system of the transformation scheme, taking evaluation as the starting point to promote scientific transformation. Evaluation indicators include: three first-level indicators, namely, the planning process, the main contents of the plan and job security; The secondary indicators are 14, which are: investigation and demonstration of transformation and development, scheme review, school charter, school orientation, school structure, professional characteristics, integration of production and education, teaching staff, experimental training, teaching methods, textbook construction, organization and leadership, funding guarantee, public opinion propaganda, etc. Full score 100, it is stipulated that 70 points or more will be passed, 60-70 points will be suspended, and 60 points or less will not be passed. On this basis, an expert group composed of well-known experts from the Ministry of Education, leaders of municipal departments and heads of enterprises in related industries was hired to evaluate the transformation and development plans of six pilot universities one by one. Through the audit, four pilot universities passed the transformation plan and two were suspended. It is a test for pilot colleges and universities, and it is also a shock for other wait-and-see undergraduate colleges and universities to prevent blindness and make up for deficiencies.

Fourthly, the relationship between university transformation and system design.

Compared with western developed countries, the transformation of local colleges and universities in China started late, and the legal system construction lags behind. The regulations on the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation are general, unsystematic and even impossible to follow. The leading role of the government has not been well reflected, the rights, status and role of stakeholders have not been well guaranteed, and the initiative and enthusiasm of the government and industry enterprises are not high. Therefore, we must speed up the formulation of "Universities of Applied Sciences Regulations", and make clear Universities of Applied Sciences's position, function, management, school-running direction and operating mechanism. Revise the education law, higher education law, vocational education law, teacher law and other related contents. Starting from the "four carriers" of schools, teachers, students and courses, a set of laws and regulations system is constructed, including layout, planning, assets, personnel, entry and exit, teacher registration, teacher treatment, teacher introduction, student registration, student financial assistance, curriculum construction and textbook compilation.

V. Relationship between teaching and learning

In the process of transformation and development, local colleges and universities must break the "teaching-oriented" thinking habit of "fixing what they set", "teaching what they set" and "learning what they teach", and truly adjust the orientation of running schools, optimize the professional structure, improve the curriculum system and build training conditions in time according to the objectives, requirements and process of industrial transformation and upgrading, so as to return the transformation and development to market demand, school rationality and educational origin. College of Mobile Telecommunications, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Weibo) has fully implemented "dual education" with reference to the German model, that is, the education mode of "technical actual combat+key competence in the workplace". A dual education base for outstanding talents has been established to simulate the operation of enterprises to the greatest extent, to educate undergraduates on key skills in the workplace, and to select some outstanding students who have a software foundation and are interested in becoming software elites for special training in actual combat, so that students can have strong key skills in the workplace while having professional knowledge, realize the seamless connection between talent training and enterprise needs, and realize the pursuit of "Chinese roots and world dreams".

Sixth, the relationship between transformation and incentive.

The key to promoting the development and transformation of colleges and universities lies in implementing the autonomy of running schools. In other words, the seven autonomy rights of running a school clearly stipulated in the Higher Education Law have been implemented and put into action. Handle the relationship between school autonomy, supervision and management, evaluation and encouragement. In particular, it is necessary to get more policy support from the government and give full play to the "five major regulatory and incentive functions." The first is the supervision of classified funding. The funds are tilted towards Universities of Applied Sciences, and new funding mechanisms and standards are explored. The second is the regulation of professional setting. Increase the number and proportion of applied technology majors. The third is the provisions of the enrollment plan. The enrollment index is inclined to the applied technology colleges and majors that are in short supply and in urgent need of talents. The fourth is the assessment and regulation of employment targets. For majors with low employment rate and low ranking, measures such as rectification or even closure within a time limit should be taken. Fifth, the supervision of colleges and universities. All colleges and universities to be renamed as "universities" or newly-established undergraduate colleges must be applied technology schools.

Seven, the relationship between universities and enterprises.

To promote the transformation of local colleges and universities and implement the development strategy of integration of production and education, it is important to do a good job of "six inclusion", that is, to incorporate the training plan of high-level technical and technical talents into the overall plan of industrial transformation and upgrading; Incorporate technology development and services into the scientific and technological innovation system of industrial enterprises; Incorporate the construction of practical teaching equipment and facilities into the first-line capital construction system of industrial enterprises; Incorporate the training of "double-qualified" teachers into the training system of "skilled craftsmen" in industrial enterprises; Incorporate the service guarantee for teachers and students into the social service guarantee system; Incorporate graduates' employment and entrepreneurship into the human resource development and management system of industrial enterprises. After nearly a year's thinking, we established the "Transformation and Development Alliance of Chongqing Municipal Universities" on June 1 1 this month, and formulated the articles of association of the alliance, which defined the nature, objectives, tasks and responsibilities of the alliance, that is, on the basis of integrating the advantages of related resources, we built a platform for exchanges and cooperation among universities, government departments, scientific research institutions, enterprises and institutions, and related groups.

Eight, the relationship between running a school and demand

The practical needs of China's economic and social development, to promote the shift of industrial structure focus from the primary industry to the secondary industry, and then to the tertiary industry, and to promote the transformation and upgrading of industries from labor-intensive to technology-intensive, urgently need a large number of high-quality technical and technical talents. To break through the bottleneck of talent supply and demand, we must achieve "five coincidences". First, the scale of running a school and the professional layout structure meet the needs of industrial adjustment and upgrading; Second, the talent training specifications of colleges and universities are consistent with the professional post standards; Third, the conditions of experimental practice in colleges and universities are consistent with the production level of first-line equipment; Fourth, the professional curriculum system and content are consistent with the production and labor process; Fifth, the teaching methods are consistent with the projects and cases of industrial enterprises. We try to develop the scale verification system of colleges and universities, establish the dynamic verification mechanism of colleges and universities, systematically train teachers' practical teaching ability, and realize the effective docking of professional groups and industrial chains.

Nine. The Relationship between University History and China History

Modern education in China has been more than 60 years since the Qing government promulgated the Guimao academic system in 1904, and the reform and opening up has been more than 30 years, which is exactly10. Looking at China's modern higher education from 1 10, 60 and 30, we can sum up the pursuit of "Gao Daquan".

It is mainly manifested in the following aspects: type positioning pays more attention to learning than skill, hierarchical positioning climbs layer by layer, the larger the scale positioning, the better, comprehensive discipline positioning, and the target positioning of Peking University Tsinghua. Local undergraduate colleges are particularly prominent, with unclear positioning, unclear characteristics, unreasonable professional structure, homogeneous talent training, lack of characteristics, low employment rate and one-sided pursuit of academic positioning, which seriously restricts their own development. The reasons are various and multi-level, but the fundamental reason lies in the lack of a clear classification system of higher education in China, and the institutional mechanism of classification management has not yet been established.

X the relationship between university classification and the future of China.

From a global perspective, classified positioning is a difficult problem that all countries have to solve in the development of higher education, and it is also the "deep water area" of China's higher education reform, and it is also an inevitable choice for the transformation and development of local universities. With the transformation of China's higher education from elite to popularization, the process of popularization is accelerating, and the voice of dividing the higher education system into ordinary higher education and higher vocational education is getting stronger and stronger. The transformation and development of local undergraduate colleges and universities has become the inevitable choice of overall management and classified guidance of colleges and universities, the inevitable choice of sustainable development of educational ecology and the inevitable choice of rational return of educational laws.

Based on the above ten relationships, let's re-examine the development orientation of local undergraduate universities in China, formulate the 13th Five-Year Plan in line with internationalization, and show the vitality, vigor and grace of China's application-oriented universities in serving local, industrial, China and the world. Let's actively promote the transformation of local undergraduate colleges, start from Zhumadian, gradually grow, mature and take shape, go out of China, go to the world and go to the bright future!