When will East Timor become independent and what is the overall situation of the country?

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Country name: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.

Important holidays: Independence Day (National Day): 1 1 28th (19751/East Timor declared its independence on 28th); Independence Day resumed: May 20th (May 20th, 2002, the day when the United Nations handed over power to East Timor); Independence referendum day: August 30th (1East independence referendum held under the auspices of the United Nations on August 30th, 1999).

Physical geography: area 14874 square kilometers. Located at the easternmost tip of Nusa Tenggara Islands in Southeast Asia, it includes Oecussi area on the northern coast of East and West Timor and nearby atauro island. It borders West Timor, Indonesia in the west and Australia across the Timor Sea in the southeast. The coastline is 735 kilometers long. The territory is mountainous and densely forested, with plains and valleys along the coast. Mountains and hills account for 3/4 of the total area. Ramallah, the highest peak of Tata Mailao, is 2495 meters above sea level. Plains and valleys have a savanna climate, while other areas have a rainforest climate. The annual average temperature is 26℃. 1February to March is the rainy season, and April to 1 1 month is the dry season, with an average annual precipitation of 2000mm.

Population: about100000. /kloc-more than 0/0 ethnic groups, of which 78% are East Timorese aborigines (mixed-race of Papua and Malays or Polynesians), 20% are Indonesians and 2% are Chinese. Tetum and Portuguese are the official languages, while Indonesian and English are the working languages. About 9 1. 4% residents believe in Roman Catholicism, 2. 6% are Protestant, 1. 7% of Islam, 0. 3% and 0 in Hinduism. 1% in Buddhism.

Wear traditional clothes

Gusmao

National dignitaries: President Jose Ramos-Horta, elected in May 2007; Fernando lasama de araujo, Speaker of the National Assembly, was sworn in in July 2007; Premier Jose Alexandre Xanana Gusmao took office in August 2007. The President and Prime Minister of Timor-Leste were attacked by rebels.

Capital: Dili, population167,000 (2004 United Nations statistical report). It is the political, economic and cultural center of the country with hot climate and high temperature all the year round. Dili Port is a good deep-water port.

Administrative Districts: The whole country is divided into 13 districts: Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bonareo, Dili, Ermera, Lautem, Liquica, Manatuto, Manofi, Okusi, Suai and Vivek; There are counties, townships and villages below the district. Baucau, the second largest city, also called lazare, is located in the northeast of Timor Island, 96 kilometers east of Dili. Located in a small coastal valley, at an altitude of100-200m. Surrounded by mountains on all sides, trees are shaded, houses with red roofs are shaded, and flowers of various colors continue all year round, and the scenery is beautiful. There is the only international airport in East Timor near the city.

History:/kloc-Before the 6th century, Timor Island was divided into the kingdom of Sri Lanka with Sumatra as the center and the ruling kingdom of Manchu with Java as the center. 1520, Portuguese colonialists landed in Timor for the first time, stayed there in the name of developing mahogany trade, and gradually established colonial rule. The Dutch army invaded in 16 13, and set up a base in West Timor in 16 18, expelling the Portuguese army to the east. /kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, British colonists briefly controlled West Timor. 18 16, the Netherlands resumed its colonial status in Timor. 1859, Portugal signed a treaty with the Netherlands to re-divide Timor Island, the eastern part of Timor Island and Oecussi belonged to Portugal, and the western part was merged into the Dutch East India (now Indonesia). Japan occupied East Timor in 1942. After World War II, Portugal resumed colonial rule over East Timor, and 195 1 was nominally changed to Portuguese overseas province. 1960, the 15th United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 1542, declaring East Timor and its dependencies as territories under Portuguese administration.

East Timor Defence Force

1975, the Portuguese government allowed East Timor to hold a referendum and implement national self-determination. The East Timor Revolutionary Front for Independence (FRETILIN), the Portuguese Democratic Alliance (NLD) and the Timor People's Association for Democratic Integration (ADPL) caused civil war because of different political views. 1975 1 1 On 28th, Fretilin unilaterally declared the independence of East Timor and established the Democratic Republic of East Timor. In the same year1February, Indonesia sent troops to East Timor. 1976, East Timor was declared the 27th province of Indonesia. 19751February, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution demanding that Indonesia withdraw its troops and calling on all countries to respect the territorial integrity of East Timor and the people's right to self-determination. Since then, the United Nations General Assembly has considered the question of East Timor many times. 1982, the General Assembly adopted a resolution supporting the self-determination of the East Timorese people with 50 votes in favour, 50 abstentions and 46 votes against. From 1983 to 1998, Indonesia and Portugal held more than ten rounds of negotiations on East Timor under the good offices of the UN Secretary-General.

1 After the Asian financial crisis and the regime change in Indonesia in the late 1990s, Indonesian President Habibie agreed in 19991month that East Timor would choose autonomy or secession from Indonesia through a referendum under internal and external pressure. On May 5, Indonesia, Portugal and the United Nations signed three agreements on holding a referendum in East Timor: the constitutional framework for East Timor to exercise special autonomy, and the security arrangements and operational procedures for the East Timorese people to vote directly on the autonomy plan. On June 1 1, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution to establish the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) to take charge of the initial work of East Timor's transition. On August 30th, Timor-Leste held a national status referendum under the auspices of the United Nations. About 440,000 of the 450,000 registered voters voted, of which 78.5% refused autonomy and chose to leave Indonesia. President Habibie said on the same day that he accepted the result of the vote. After the vote, there was a bloody conflict between pro-Indonesian factions and independents. The situation in East Timor deteriorated and the United Nations Mission was forced to withdraw. About 200,000 refugees fled to West Timor. In September, President Habibie announced that he agreed to the presence of multinational forces in East Timor. Since then, the Security Council passed a resolution authorizing the establishment of a multinational force headed by Australia and composed of about 8,000 people, and officially stationed in East Timor on September 20 to hand over power with the Indonesian garrison. 1On October 20th, the People's Consultative Conference, the highest authority in Indonesia, approved the results of the referendum on independence in East Timor. In the same month, the Security Council adopted resolution 1272 and decided to establish the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) to take over the internal and external affairs of East Timor. In August of 2000/KLOC-0 and April of 2002, East Timor held a constitutional assembly and presidential elections respectively. Xanana Gusm? o, leader of the Eastern Independence Movement, was elected president. On May 20th, 2002, with the swearing-in of the first President Gusm? o, the Democratic Republic of East Timor was formally born.

Fishermen cast nets at the seaside near Dili.

Politics: On March 22nd, 2002, the Constituent Assembly of East Timor adopted and promulgated the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of East Timor. East Timor is a sovereign, independent and unified democratic country ruled by law. The President, the National Assembly, the government and the courts constitute the organs of state power. The president is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces. He is directly elected by the whole people for a term of five years and can only be re-elected. Parliament is called the National Assembly, and it has a unicameral system. On behalf of all citizens, it exercises the right to make laws and supervise government and political decision-making. It consists of at least 52 members and at most 65 members, and is directly elected by voters for a term of five years. The government consists of the Prime Minister, ministers and state secretaries, and is responsible to the President and the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is the head of government, nominated by the political party with the most votes in the parliamentary elections or the majority of the political parties in the parliament, and appointed by the President. Ministers and secretaries of state are nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the President.

Since the independence of East Timor, economic reconstruction and social development have been carried out step by step. However, due to poor natural conditions, weak economic foundation and political turmoil caused by factional struggles, East Timor remains one of the poorest countries in Asia. In addition, due to drought, poor harvest, unemployment, poverty and many other factors, social contradictions in East Timor are still acute and riots are frequent. In April 2006, the mutiny of some soldiers triggered local unrest again, and tens of thousands of people fled their homes. At the request of the East Timorese government, an international peacekeeping force composed of troops from Australia, Portugal, New Zealand and Malaysia subsequently entered East Timor. On September 13 of the same year, the United Nations Integrated Mission in East Timor took over the command of the international peacekeeping and security forces in East Timor. The situation in East Timor is very tense. China government sent chartered flights to evacuate overseas Chinese.

On May 19, 2003, two East Timorese dressed in traditional costumes played drums in the streets of Dili, the capital, to participate in a series of celebrations for the first anniversary of independence.

Economy: Located in the tropics with good natural conditions, the discovered mineral deposits include gold, manganese, chromium, tin and copper. The Timor Sea is rich in oil and natural gas, and the oil reserves are estimated to be above100000 barrels. The economy is backward and the people live in poverty. Residents in some areas are basically in a state of natural economy, and agriculture is the main component of the economy. The agricultural population accounts for 90% of the population of East Timor. The main agricultural products are corn, rice and potatoes. Food cannot be self-sufficient. Cash crops include coffee, rubber, sandalwood and coconut, which are mainly used for export. Coffee, rubber and rosewood are called "the three treasures of Timor". There are many mountains, lakes, springs and beaches in East Timor, which have certain tourism potential, but the traffic is inconvenient, and many roads can only be opened in dry season. Tourism resources have yet to be developed.

Press and publication: There are two kinds of newspapers in East Timor: Timor Post, the first Portuguese-speaking newspaper in East Timor, which was published on August 8, 20021/KLOC-0, with a daily circulation of about 2,000 copies, and is an independent newspaper; Song of East Timor is published in Tetum, Indonesian and Portuguese, with a daily circulation of about 2,000 copies. There is no news agency in East Timor, and the main Portuguese news comes from LUSA (also known as Portuguese news agency). National Radio Timor-Leste has a coverage of 90% and broadcasts in Portuguese and Tetum, while Television Timor-Leste has a coverage of 30% and broadcasts in Portuguese and Tetum. Radio FALINTIL-VOZ broadcasts in Tetum and Portuguese.

Diplomacy: Pursue a pragmatic, balanced and good-neighborly foreign policy, attach importance to developing relations with Indonesia, Portugal, Australia and Asian countries, actively establish cooperation with the United States and medium-sized powers, seek international assistance extensively, and promote economic reconstruction. On September 27th, 2002, the 57th General Assembly accepted the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste as the 19 1 th Member of the United Nations.

Relations with China: In May 2002, Timor-Leste and China signed the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. China became the first country to establish diplomatic relations with Timor-Leste. In 2000 1 month, President Gusm? o visited China.