What are some of the items that represent China's unique culture?

1, Chinese porcelain

China is the home of porcelain, porcelain is an important creation of the Chinese working people. The invention of porcelain is the great contribution of the Chinese nation to world civilization, in English "porcelain (china)" and China (China) for the same word.

Around the middle of the Shang Dynasty in the 16th century BC, early porcelain appeared in China. Because of its body, or in the glaze firing process are still rough, firing temperature is also low, showing primitive and transitional, so generally called "primitive porcelain".

Chinese porcelain from the development of pottery evolved from the primitive porcelain originated more than 3,000 years ago. To the Song Dynasty, the famous porcelain kilns have spread over half of China, is the most prosperous period of porcelain industry.

Then the Ru kilns, official kilns, brother kilns, Jun kilns and Ding kilns and known as the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, when the more famous Chai kilns and Jian kiln. Known as the porcelain capital of jingdezhen, jiangxi province in the yuan dynasty produced blue and white porcelain has become a representative of porcelain. Blue and white porcelain glaze transparent as water, thin and lightweight body, white porcelain body with blue decoration, elegant and fresh, full of vitality.

The blue and white porcelain once appeared on the popularity of porcelain, Jingdezhen's traditional porcelain crown. With blue and white porcelain *** with the four famous porcelain and blue and white porcelain, pastel porcelain and color glaze porcelain. In addition, there are sculpture porcelain, thin tire porcelain, colorful tire porcelain, etc., are very fine, each with its own characteristics.

2, paper-cutting

Chinese paper-cutting is a kind of scissors or carving knife in the paper cut pattern, used to decorate life or with other folk activities of folk art. In China, paper-cutting has a broad mass base, intermingled with the social life of people of all ethnic groups, is an important part of various folk activities.

The visual images and modeling formats inherited from the past contain rich cultural and historical information, express the social cognition, moral concepts, practical experience, ideals of life and aesthetic interests of the general public, and have multiple social values, such as cognition, edification, expression, lyricism, entertainment and communication.

On May 20, 2006, the paper-cutting art heritage was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

At the fourth meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, held from September 28 to October 2, 2009, the Chinese paper-cutting project declared by China was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

3, Hanfu

Hanfu, full name is "traditional costumes of the Han nationality", also known as Han clothes, Han clothes, Chinese clothes, from the reign of the Yellow Emperor to the middle of the 17th century (the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty), in the Han's main residential areas, in the context of the "Hwa Hsia - Han" culture. It is the embodiment of China's "State of Clothes", "State of Etiquette", "Embroidered China" and Sailis State, which carries the outstanding craftsmanship and aesthetics of Han dyeing, weaving and embroidery, and inherits more than 30 Chinese intangible cultural heritages as well as the protected Chinese arts and crafts. .

Similar to the term "Han Chinese", there is a process of expanding the meaning of the word "Han" from Han Dynasty to refer to the whole nation. For example, "Mawangdui Tomb No. 3," the earliest record of "Han clothes": "Jane four four 'beauty four people, two of them Chu clothes, two people Han clothes'" in the "Han clothes" refers to the Han Dynasty's dress etiquette system, that is, the "Zhouli", "Rites of Passage", "Rites of Passage" in the crown system;

And written in the Tang Dynasty's "Book of the Barbarians" records: "The first attack on the Han clothes, and after a slight reference to the Rong customs, so far, but the Chaoxia wrapped around the head, the rest of the same!

The Chinese people's dress and etiquette system is referred to in the "Chinese dress" in the book "The Book of Barbarians", which was written in the Tang Dynasty.

Hanfu "began with the Yellow Emperor, prepared for Yao and Shun", from the Yellow Emperor's system of coronation dress. It was finalized during the Zhou Dynasty and became part of the Shinto religion through the formation of a complete system of crowns and garments based on the Four Books and Five Classics during the Han Dynasty.

Therefore, all the Chinese dynasties later inherited the Han crown from the Zhou Dynasty as a matter of national importance, and thus the 24 Histories of Public Opinion and Clothing came into being. "Huang Di, Yao, Shun hanging clothes and rule the world, benefit taken from the Qiankun", is that the form of the upper garment and lower garment is taken from the will of heaven, is sacred.

Hanbok also influenced the whole Han cultural circle through the Huaxia law system, some of the Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia, Bhutan and so on costumes have or borrowed Hanbok characteristics.

4, landscape painting

Shanshui painting, referred to as "landscape". It is a kind of Chinese painting. Depicting the natural scenery of mountains and rivers as the main body of the painting. In the Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties has been gradually developed, but still attached to the figure painting, as the background of the majority;

Sui and Tang Dynasty began to be independent, such as Zhan Ziqi's colorful landscapes, Li Si Xun's gold and blue landscapes, Wang Wei's ink and wash landscape, Wang Qia's ink and wash landscapes, etc.; the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty, the great rise of landscape painting;

Writers rise in profusion, such as Jing Hao, Guan Tong, Li Cheng, Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Fan Kuan, Xu Daoneng, Yan Wengui, In addition to the works of the Chinese artists, there were also the works of the Chinese artist Ching Hwa (骕) and the Chinese artist Ching Hsu (骕), which were published by the Chinese Academy of Arts and Sciences (CAAS).

Since then, Chinese painting has become one of the most important disciplines in Chinese painting. In the Yuan Dynasty, landscape painting tended to be more realistic, with a focus on ink and brushwork, creating a new style; in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it continued to evolve, but also developed into a new form of painting. In terms of performance, it emphasizes the management of location and expression of mood. Traditional methods include ink and wash, green and blue, gold and blue, boneless, light red, light color and other forms.

5, Bronze Ware

Bronze Ware (Bronze Ware) in ancient times was known as 'gold' or 'jijin', is the alloy of red copper and other chemical elements such as tin, lead, etc., and its patina is greenish.

The use of bronze began in the late Neolithic period in Turkey and Iraq. Chinese bronzes began to be used from the Majiayao to the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the finest wares from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. It appeared in China during the early Yangshao and Majiayao cultures.

China first saw small tools or ornaments. Bronze containers and weapons began to appear in the Xia Dynasty. In the middle Shang Dynasty, bronze vessels were already rich in variety, and inscriptions and fine patterns appeared.

Late Shang to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, is the heyday of the development of bronze, a variety of types, thick and heavy, inscriptions gradually lengthened, patterned and rich and colorful. Subsequently, the bronze body began to become thinner, and the decoration was gradually simplified.

Late Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States, due to the popularization of the use of iron, bronze tools less and less. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the introduction of pottery and lacquer into daily life, the variety of bronze containers was reduced, the decoration was simple and mostly plain, and the carcasses were lighter and thinner.

Chinese bronzes are beautifully crafted, enjoying a high reputation and artistic value among the world's bronzes, and representing the high technology and culture of China's more than 5,000 years of bronze development.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Porcelain

Baidu Encyclopedia - Chinese Paper Cutting

Baidu Encyclopedia - Hanbok

Baidu Encyclopedia - Landscape Painting

Baidu Encyclopedia - Bronze