500 words on the composition of pit field

Pit yard is also called patio yard and pit yard. Locals call it "patio yard", "underground pit" and "underground kiln". It is the legacy of the cave dwelling method of ancient people, and it is called "underground quadrangle" in the north of China. It is said that it has a history of about 4000 years.

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Pit houses are distributed in Shaanxi County, Henan Sanmenxia, Shanxi Yuncheng, Gansu Qingyang, Longdong and parts of Shaanxi. Among them, Sanmenxia in Henan Province is well preserved, especially the three plateau plains of Dong Fan, Zhang Cun and Zhangbian in Shaanxi Province, and many villagers still live in the pit yard.

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Up to now, there are still more than 100 underground villages and nearly 10,000 patios. The earliest existing inhabited courtyard has a history of more than 200 years and has lived for more than six generations. Well-preserved villages include Mazhai and Miaoshang Village in Zhang Cun Plateau.

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Pit courtyard, also known as patio kiln courtyard, originated from early human caves. According to experts' research, it has a history of more than 2,000 years, and it is a historical testimony of local people's diligence, wisdom and innovative spirit.

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Kengyuan is a great landscape to understand the folk customs of the Loess Plateau, one of the most distinctive local buildings in China, a physical witness to the study of the evolutionary history of primitive "caves" of human beings, and a wonderful chapter of historical inheritance in the long river of Chinese civilization. This peculiar residential form is unique in China and even in the world.

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Shaanxi county is located on the edge of the Loess Plateau, where Shaanxi was divided during the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhang Cun tableland, Zhangbian tableland and Dong Fan tableland under its jurisdiction are steep around, flat at the top, hard in soil and deep in groundwater. This unique geographical condition, coupled with the arid climate, is the main reason for the emergence and continuation of the pit field for thousands of years.

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According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 100 pit farms in Shaanxi county, which are distributed in 6 towns and villages in the county, with nearly 10000 pit farms. The earliest existing courtyard has a history of more than 200 years and has lived for six generations.

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This is Miaoshang Village in Shaanxi County, located in the west of Henan Province. The villagers live in the quadrangle in the pit, thrive and enjoy a quiet "underground life". In the list of the first batch of "Traditional Villages in China" published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Miaoshang Village, located in West Zhang Cun Town, Shaanxi County, is on the list, and it is also one of the shortlisted villages in Henan Province 16.

Most of these buildings were built in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, with a history of 100 years. Of the 73 existing buildings, 53 are well preserved and 20 have been renovated, showing a new look.

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The completed pit is rectangular and square, with a side length of12-15m and a depth of 6-7m. There are 10- 12 caves dug on the four walls of the courtyard, about 3m high, 8-12m deep and 4m wide, and there are caves below 2m.

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