Brief introduction of Lin Sihuan.

Lin Sihuan, the word Iron Cliff, began with Eight. During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, he was a scholar in Jinjiang, Fujian. Born in the 30th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1607), he was brilliant since he was a child. You can become a writer at the age of seven. The dragon tried, because the article was unusual, and the examiner suspected that someone else was ghostwriting, so it could not be sold. Sihuan was not discouraged by setbacks, but worked harder. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1642), it was promoted to imperial academy in Renwu, and then to imperial academy in the sixth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1649). Grant it to a doctor, keep it simple and follow the instructions, and act cheaply. Later, he was transferred to Qiongzhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province, and served as xian county and Magistrate. "prepare for Hainan, combine kindness with kindness, and be loved by the military and civilians"; "Sex in Geng Jie has many advantages, such as imprisonment of maids, prohibition of investment fees, prohibition of joint punishment and prohibition of private debt, which is praised by Cantonese people." Geng and Shang Kexi were profligate and set up exorbitant taxes to "reclaim land" to reduce people's taxes. In the 13th year of Shunzhi, Fan Er falsely accused him of leaving his post. People mourned him when he was arrested. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), Si Huan went to the prison of the Ministry of Justice without success. "The emperor read three hard-working. Temporarily put it under Hangzhou. When Kangxi was in power in the early years (1662), he was released after reviewing his grievances and was promoted to participate in politics in Guangxi. Black Ring experienced hardships and had no intention of career, so he stayed in Hangzhou, set sail in the West Lake, expressed his feelings for mountains and rivers, and sang with celebrities. Later, because of poverty, his wife died sooner or later and was not buried by violence. Fortunately, in the same year, Tang Mengti was buried in Chunshi, Xisha and Zhaoqing Temple, and four volumes of his works were found. " Forty years later, my nephew was visited by Biao Guang and reburied at the foot of Yuping Mountain (now Yudou Doumian Mountain in Jinbang Village, Huqiu Town, Anxi County). The original tablet is intact, and the text says, "Go to the soldier's tomb to learn about the Iron Cliff, the King and the Huating of Male Literature. Gan Long Ding Chou visits his family in September. "The people respect the heir ring very much. They often visit with their young children, hoping that their sons and nephews can learn and succeed. In the hometown of the Fourth Ring Road, there are also stories such as "Huangtian" and "Tiger is more and more capital".

He is knowledgeable and prolific in writing, including Collected Works of Tieya, Compilation of Marine Fishery, Introduction to Lingnan, Litchi Dialect, Lake Residence, Poems of Transition, Yan Hui Cao, Kouji and so on. Among them, ventriloquism is still a junior high school Chinese text. Litchi Talk is a scientific essay about litchi, which not only has certain artistic value, but also has high scientific and historical value in agricultural economy. These works of his are priceless in the cultural heritage of the motherland.

"Stomatology" in Lin Sihuan

There is a man in the capital who is good at performing ventriloquism. Guests will have a big banquet and an eight-foot barrier will be built in the northeast corner of the hall. The ventriloquist will sit in the barrier with a table, a chair, a fan and a ruler. The guests sat around the screen. A moment later, I heard the sound of a beat from Wickwood inside the screen. The whole room was silent, and no one dared to speak loudly.

Hearing the barking of dogs in a distant alley, a woman woke up, yawned and stretched, and her husband was talking in his sleep. After a while, the child woke up and cried. The husband woke up. The woman comforts the child to eat milk, the child cries with a nipple, and the woman whispers him to sleep. The other eldest son woke up and kept talking. When it's true, women clap their hands, their mouths blare, babies cry on their chests, the boss just wakes up, and the husband scolds the boss. All of a sudden, it's wonderful. The full house of guests had no long necks. They listened carefully with their heads held high, smiled and praised silently, which made them feel wonderful.

After a few days (jǐ), the husband (hūu) sounded, and the woman's pat gradually stopped. There was a faint voice, the mouse's sosso, the basin and container overturned, and the woman coughed in her dream. The guests relaxed a little and gradually straightened up.

Suddenly, a big man shouted "fire", so did the husband and the woman. The two children burst into tears. At that time, hundreds of thousands of people were shouting, hundreds of children were crying and hundreds of dogs were barking. Jiàn, the sound of collapse, the sound of heat, the whistling wind, hundreds of works together; There are hundreds of cries for help, dragging houses, grabbing water and splashing water. In this case, there should be some sounds, not the same. Although people have hundreds of hands and fingers, they can't point to one end; A man has a hundred mouths and a hundred tongues in his mouth. You can't name a place. So all the guests changed their colors and left, bravely armed, fighting two wars, and several (j: and) wanted to go first.

Suddenly clap your hands and all kinds of sounds disappear. Remove the screen inside, a person, a table, a chair, a fan and a piece of wood.

Definition of words

Stomatology is an acrobatic festival. And polyphony. Using pronunciation skills such as mouth, tongue, throat and nose to imitate various sounds, such as the sound of trains and birds, can enhance the sense of reality when performing with actions.

Stomatology is a folk performance skill and a kind of acrobatics. In ancient times, it was called "cross talk", which means to imitate the sound, and it is not a modern cross talk for pleasure. In fact, the ancient ventriloquism is just an art of imitating sounds. Performers imitate various sounds with their mouths, which can make listeners feel immersive. It is one of the precious heritages of China's culture and art. This skill was once one of the "hundred plays" in the Qing Dynasty, and performers often hide behind curtains or screens, commonly known as "next-door plays".

translate

There is a man in Beijing who is good at performing ventriloquism. One day, there happened to be a big banquet for guests, and an eight-foot wide fence was put in the northeast corner of the living room. The ventriloquist sat in the barrier, with only a table, a chair, a fan and a piece of wood in it. The guests sat around together. After a while, I heard a clapping sound from the barrier, and the whole audience was quiet. No one dares to speak loudly.

I only heard dogs barking in a deep alley in the distance. A woman was awakened, yawning and stretching, and her husband was talking in his sleep. After a while, the child woke up and burst into tears. The husband is awake, too. The woman patted the child and fed him. The child is still crying with nipples in his mouth. The woman patted the child and hummed him to sleep. Another big boy woke up and chattered. At this time, the woman patted the child's voice with her hand, hummed in her mouth, the child cried with a nipple, the voice of an older child just woke up, and the husband shouted at the voice of an older child. All this sounded at the same time, and all kinds of voices were vividly interpreted. All the guests cocked their heads and listened intently without craning their necks, smiling and secretly admiring, thinking it was wonderful!

Before long, the husband's snoring began, and the woman's patting of the child gradually stopped for a while. I vaguely heard the sound of a mouse, the knocking of pots and pans, and the cough of a woman in my dream. Hearing this, the guests relaxed a little and sat up straight gradually.

Suddenly a man shouted, "Fire!" The husband stood up and shouted, the wife stood up and shouted, and the two children began to cry together. When braking, hundreds of people were shouting, hundreds of children were crying and hundreds of dogs were barking. With the sound of the collapse of the middle house, the crackling sound of the fire burning, the whistling wind, thousands of voices sounded together; It is also mixed with the cries of hundreds of people for help, the shouts made by firefighters when they pushed down the burning house, the sound of grabbing things in the fire, and the sound of splashing water. There is no sound that should be there. Even if a person has hundreds of hands and hundreds of fingers on one hand, he can't clearly point out one of the sounds; Even if a person has hundreds of mouths and a mouth has hundreds of tongues, he can't tell one of them apart. In this case, all the guests changed their faces in fear, left their seats, raised their sleeves, exposed their arms and shook their legs, and almost ran away.

Suddenly, when I woke up, all kinds of sounds disappeared. When the barrier was removed, there was still only one person, a table, a chair, a fan and a piece of wood.

Attached; Pu Songling's ventriloquism

original work

A woman aged 20 to 45 in the village brought a medicine bag to sell to her doctor. If there is a patient, a woman can't ask a fairy at dusk. Clean the room at night and close it. Four doors and windows, listening to the silence; But talk quietly and don't dare to cough. Internal and external movements are invisible. At night, I suddenly heard the sound of curtains. The woman inside said, "Is Aunt Jiu here?" A woman replied, "I'm coming." Then he said, "Does wintersweet belong to Jiu Yi?" Like a maid answering a cloud: "I'm coming." Their three words didn't convey their meaning, and they kept jabbering. Hearing the curtain hook moving again, the woman said, "Aunt Liu has arrived." He said nonsense, "Did Chun Mei bring a little boy, too?" A woman said, "Brother Ou! If you don't sleep, you must be from the lady. If you are heavy, you will be tired! " I heard a woman's attentive voice, the voice of nine aunts asking, the voice of six aunts greeting, the voice of two maids comforting, and the laughter of children, making a noise together. I heard the woman smile and say, "Little Lang Jun is also very interesting. He came all the way to hug the cat. " Then the sound died down, the curtain rang again, and the room was in an uproar, saying, "Why is fourth aunt late?" A young woman replied in a low voice, "It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, beyond words. You just need to spend some time with menstruation. Aunt is slow. " As a result, all the warm and cool voices, and the voices of sitting and calling for sitting, are staggered, and the room is full of noise, and the food is ready. That is to say, I heard that the woman was ill. Nine aunts want ginseng, six aunts want astragalus, and four aunts want surgery. When I moved, I heard Jiugu calling a pen and inkstone. Nothing, origami awkward, pen throwing hat, ink rumbling; With a few strokes, the pen tinkled and Sue was wrapped in a pinch of medicine. After a while, the woman opened the curtain and prescribed medicine for the patient. Reflexively entering the room, I heard my third aunt say goodbye, and my third aunt said goodbye. The child was dumb and my cat got up for a while. Jiugu's voice is crisp, Liugu's voice is slow and pale, Gu Si's voice is charming and graceful, and Sanmai's voice has its own merits, which can be distinguished after listening. Everyone was shocked and thought it was a true god. And trying its prescription is not very effective. This is called ventriloquism, which is specially used to sell its surgical ears. However, this is also strange!

Yesterday, Wang Xinyi once said: "In the capital, I occasionally passed by the market and heard string songs, and the audience was blocked. A closer look reveals a young man singing loudly. There is no musical instrument, just a finger on the cheek, and I can hear it clearly, like a string. " I'm also a ventriloquist.

Translation of works

One day, a young woman came to this village She is about twenty-four or five years old. I saw her carrying a medicine box and selling medicine to cure diseases in the village. When people in the village heard about it, they all came out to see her for treatment. But the young woman said that she couldn't write a prescription, and she couldn't ask the fairy for advice until after dark. People waited patiently for the night to come. In the evening, she cleaned a small room and shut herself up. People in the village gathered around the doors and windows to listen. At this time, people consciously stopped talking, and only a few people were whispering. After a while, there was no sound inside and outside the small house. As night fell, people suddenly heard the sound of curtains being lifted in the hut. Inside, the young woman asked, "Is Aunt Jiu there?" Only heard another woman answer: "coming!" " He asked again, "Did wintersweet come with Jiugu?" ? "A maid-like person said," Here we are. " Then, three women chattered and talked endlessly. After a while, people outside heard the sound of curtain hooks in the hut again. The young woman said, "Aunt Liu is coming." The person next to her said, "Chun Mei also came with his little son." A woman said, "Stubborn dude! "Coax him, he doesn't sleep, and he has to follow Aunt Liu. His body seems to weigh thousands of pounds. Carrying him is really exhausted! " Then, I heard the young woman's thanks, the greetings from the ninth aunt, the greetings from the sixth aunt, the mutual comfort of the two maids, the children's laughter and the noise of the crowd. The young woman smiled and said, "Little Childe likes to play too much, and he brought a cat so far away." At this time, the sound inside gradually died down, the curtains rang again, and the hut was noisy again. Someone asked, "Why did Fourth Aunt come so late?" A young girl whispered, "For more than a thousand miles, my aunt and I walked for a long time, and my aunt walked too slowly." Then, there was another greeting, the sound of moving seats and adding chairs. All kinds of voices are intertwined, and the room is noisy. It took a long time to settle down. Until then, people outside the small house heard the young woman seek treatment from the fairy. Jiugu thinks ginseng should be used, Liugu thinks astragalus should be used, and Gu Si says Atractylodes macrocephala should be used. They thought for a moment. Then, I heard Jiugu calling for pen and ink. Soon, the paper creaked, the pen was pulled out, the nib sleeve was thrown on the table, and the sound of grinding ink was very clear. After writing the prescription, Jiugu threw the pen on the table, grabbed the medicine and packed it, making a susu sound. After a while, the young woman opened the curtain, called the patients in the village to get medicine and prescriptions, and then turned back to her room. Then, she heard the third aunt say goodbye, the three maids say goodbye, the children babbled, the kitten meowed, and soon got up. Jiugu's voice is crisp and loud, Liugu's voice is slow and old, and Gu Si's voice is soft and euphemistic. The voices of the three maids also have their own characteristics, which can be clearly distinguished by outsiders. When people in the village heard this "fairy meeting", they thought that they were all immortals and were amazed. The sick man took back the prescriptions and herbs that young women asked the "immortals" for advice and tortured them to drink them quickly, but his condition did not improve after taking the medicine. Later, people in the village knew that the young woman was performing ventriloquism, but there was no fairy. She's just selling her herbs with ventriloquism.

Once upon a time, Wang Xinyi once said: In Beijing, I happened to pass by a place in the city and heard songs, and people around me were like walls. Looking closely, it turned out to be a teenager playing music with his voice. Instead of using a musical instrument, he put a finger on his cheek and sang while pressing it. His voice is very clear and powerful, no different from the sound of musical instruments. This is also the offspring of ventriloquism.

The story of Lin Sihuan.

"Stand up!" With the teacher's cry, he slowly poked out the head of a six-year-old child from the window. He was wearing ill-fitting old clothes and holding a whip to drive cattle.

Teachers and students have left private schools. "What's your name?" The teacher leaned forward and asked with concern. "My name is Lin Sihuan, and I live in Chiling Houshe." The child pointed to the village not far away with a whip and introduced, "My father is the millet in the forest, and my brother is the heir." I like listening to my husband's lectures very much. I eavesdropped for more than half a year! ""then come and study! " "My family is poor and I can't afford to read! "The teacher nodded, smoothed his beard for a long time, and suddenly had a brainwave:" Sihuan, will you go to school and sit for a while? "

The teacher arranged for the heir ring to sit with the students, spread out the paper and pen, and announced the start of the exam. As a result, the teacher was pleasantly surprised. Lin Sihuan, a cowherd who has never been to school, stunned the rich gentlemen of the squire with his witty and eloquent composition.

The teachers in the school have worn out their mouths and soles, and won Lin's approval by exempting from repairs, subsidizing pen and ink, and helping families, so that heirs can go to private schools to attend classes and study.

Heihuan works hard while helping his father. 16 15 years. When Heihuan was 7 years old, Huang, a college student, still didn't believe that he could "motivate himself to learn" and "keep a diary". He interviewed him specially and was impressed by his intelligence, so he made an exception and accepted him as "Bandu". Since then, the heir has been like a duck to water, and his studies have advanced by leaps and bounds.

When I took the rural exam for the first time, the examiner decided that neat writing could never come from a poor child who was wet behind the ears, and arbitrarily judged it as "plagiarism".

The wronged heir ring on the list suffered from dark circles. One morning, he went to fetch water from Huang Jing as usual, but the neighbors had colluded and deliberately put all the buckets into the house the night before. The heir who can't reach the water stood silently by the well and swore to heaven: "A scholar can be humiliated, but his ambition can't be taken away! I will work harder and harder ... "Suddenly, there was a noise at the bottom of the well, and the well water flooded the well plate. Today, the water level of this yellow well in front of the former residence of the Fourth Ring Road is still much higher than that of the nearby pond, which has become a major landscape of Chiling Houshe in Anxi County, Fujian Province.

Confucius said, "If you don't remonstrate with the past, those who come can still catch up." The heir fell behind, and the days after Huangtian were devoted to "Hu Geng's farming" 1642 AD, and the 34-year-old was a juren. Then the moon won the laurel, successfully passed the exam and became a high school scholar. The anecdote of the black ring has been handed down from generation to generation in my hometown.

Lin Sihuan is not only a famous writer, but also an honest official who is diligent and loves the people and enjoys a high reputation among the people. In the case of dirty and corrupt feudal officialdom, he completely loved himself, somewhat tragic. At that time, the palace sent two people to Lin Sihuan to give a speech, and they rode straight to the palace. Lin Sihuan let them dismount, each playing 30 boards. The captain was very angry. Thanks to the persuasion of the local ambush, Lin Sihuan was spared. Lin Sihuan is "good at writing", but "not good at being an official". His upright and upright character made him depressed in officialdom. In the 13th year of Shunzhi, in order to reduce the civil service, he wrote the Book of Reclaiming Farmland, which was falsely accused of being absent without leave by the second fan of Geng Shang who deliberately rebelled. But it was his "incompetence as an official" that won him the love of the people and made Dan Qing famous. If Lin Sihuan is successful in officialdom, then we can almost conclude that he just added a mediocre feudal bureaucrat to officialdom, and Lin Sihuan would not be a famous writer Lin Sihuan.

He can become a scholar at the age of seven. And the dragon tried, because the article was unusual, and the examiner suspected that someone else was ghostwriting, so it could not be sold. Sihuan was not discouraged by setbacks, but was more eager to study. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1642), he was promoted to a scholar in Renwu, and then he was in Shunzhi for six years in Qing Dynasty (1649). Grant it to a doctor, keep it simple and follow the instructions, and act cheaply. Later, he was transferred to Qiongzhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province, and served as xian county and Magistrate. "prepare for Hainan, combine kindness with kindness, and be loved by the military and civilians"; "Sex in Geng Jie has many advantages, such as imprisonment of maids, prohibition of investment fees, prohibition of joint punishment and prohibition of private debt, which is praised by Cantonese people." Geng and Shang Kexi were profligate and set up exorbitant taxes to "reclaim land" to reduce people's taxes. In the 13th year of Shunzhi, Fan Er falsely accused him of leaving his post. People mourned him when he was arrested. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), Si Huan went to the prison of the Ministry of Justice without success. "The emperor read three hard-working. Temporarily put it under Hangzhou. When Kangxi was in power in the early years (1662), he was released after reviewing his grievances and was promoted to participate in politics in Guangxi. Black Ring experienced hardships and had no intention of career, so he stayed in Hangzhou, set sail in the West Lake, expressed his feelings for mountains and rivers, and sang with celebrities. Later, because of poverty, his wife died sooner or later and was not buried by violence. Fortunately, in the same year, Tang Mengti was buried in Chunshi, Xisha and Zhaoqing Temple, and four volumes of his works were found. " Forty years later, my nephew was visited by Biao Guang and reburied at the foot of Yuping Mountain (now Yudou Doumian Mountain in Jinbang Village, Huqiu Town, Anxi County). The original tablet is intact, and the text says, "Go to the soldier's tomb to learn about the Iron Cliff, the King and the Huating of Male Literature. Gan Long Ding Chou visits his family in September. "The people respect the heir ring very much. They often visit with their young children, hoping that their sons and nephews can learn and succeed. In the hometown of the Fourth Ring Road, there are also stories such as "Huangtian" and "Tiger is more and more capital".

Lin Sihuan is not only a knowledgeable writer who is good at reciting poems, but also a diligent and honest official who loves the people. It is said that once, Francisco Palace sent two people to Lin Sihuan for a "business trip". The two men rode straight to the court with their heads held high. Lin Sihuan let them dismount, each playing 30 boards. The captain was very angry. Thanks to the persuasion of the local ambush, Lin Sihuan was spared. Lin Sihuan is "good at writing", but "not good at being an official". His upright and upright character made him depressed in officialdom. In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), in order to reduce the taxes of the people, Geng Shangfan Er, who was deliberately rebelled, falsely accused him of resigning. It was his "inability to be an official" and his refusal to collude with those feudal bureaucrats that made him win the love of the people and go down in history.

When Lin Sihuan was in power, it was in the early Qing Dynasty, the country had been unified and the economy had been restored. Therefore, many foreign businessmen came to China to trade. However, some local officials run amok for their own interests. A foreign businessman delivered goods to Zhu Ya, and local officials wanted to kill and rob the goods because they were greedy for the goods on board. Lin Sihuan know, resolutely stop. He said, "Although I am a scholar, at least I was sent by the imperial court. I have the right to handle this matter. If you kill someone for personal gain, it will cause discord between the country and foreign countries. I won't let you do this even if I die! " Local officials have no choice but to send foreign businessmen back to China.

At that time, two local forces of San Francisco, Shang Kexi, king of Pingnan, and Geng, king of Jingnan, were both in Guangdong. They connive at their subordinates and oppress the people, which is the last thing Lin Sihuan likes. Once he caught the soldiers who oppressed the people, whipped them and let the innocent people go. Governor Li Duanwu led the troops into the government to catch Lin Sihuan. Lin Sihuan stretched out his neck and said, "Kill if you want! Don't say anything If I am afraid of death, I will not whip the criminal soldiers! " Li Duanwu knew that he was indefensible and had to leave angrily.

Lin Sihuan took a series of measures to benefit the people when he was an official, such as prohibiting the employment of handmaiden, arresting people and robbing the army, and prohibiting one person from committing a crime and implicating the whole nation. He also suggested that the army cultivate the land by itself to reduce the burden on the people. These measures proposed by Lin Sihuan won the support of the people and offended some officials. They put some trumped-up charges on Lin Sihuan, and Lin Sihuan was arrested in court. In front of the boss, Lin Sihuan angrily accused Geng Shang of committing two crimes by local forces. As a result, Geng was transferred to Fujian, was also dismissed for the people, exiled to the frontier, and released after Amnesty.

Since then, Lin Sihuan has lived by the Hangzhou Lake. He went to Long song all day to express his dissatisfaction with current politics. At that time, some famous literati, such as Qian Muzhai, Wu Meicun and Zhu Zhuzhai, etc. I respect Lin Sihuan very much and admire him for making friends. Because of depression, hunger and cold, Lin Sihuan died by the West Lake. He has no son. After his death, his bones were turned around several times and finally brought back by his nephew and buried in his hometown of Anxi.

Lin Sihuan is not only an honest official who cares about the country and the people, but also an excellent writer. He wrote many wonderful articles in his life, such as Lake Boat Collection, Poems on Summer, Articles on Sea Fish, Lingnan Brief, etc. His article is absurd, extraordinary and full of ups and downs, and he wants to make a thunderbolt. He mingles with the people, so the article has a strong flavor of life and is vivid and touching. The narrative "Kouji", which was selected as a Chinese textbook for middle schools, accurately and truly describes the superb skills of China folk artists, with simple language, vivid description, ingenious conception and artistic interest.

Speaking of the traditional masterpiece "Kouji", everyone in junior high school knows it. Because, in the history of education in China, the reform of Chinese teaching has been deepened, and the contents of Chinese textbooks have been constantly added and deleted, but this short essay of more than 300 words, which can be called the representative work of China's ancient prose, has never been deleted. The author of Kouji is Lin Sihuan, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty.

In the past three hundred years, Lin Sihuan, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty, has an unforgettable artistic achievement and personality charm. Isn't Lin Sihuan's "good" and "evil" an inspiration to future generations?