What are the basic characteristics of China's national defense?

National defense modernization is a complex systematic project, an organic whole, and there are many restrictive factors, which are manifested in all aspects of material and spirit, involving military, political, economic, scientific and technological, cultural, diplomatic and other fields of the country. Its main contents include: ① Modernization of military thought. Advanced military thoughts, strategies and tactics, which reflect the laws of modern warfare, are an important part of national defense forces and have a strong guiding role in national defense modernization. ② Modernization of the army. The army is the main body of national defense and the pillar of national security. Army modernization is the core of national defense modernization. It mainly includes three aspects, namely, the modernization of weapons and equipment technology, the modernization of talents and the modernization of system establishment. The modernization of weapons and equipment technology is the material basis and key of military modernization and an important standard to measure national defense modernization. It is necessary to absorb and apply the latest scientific and technological achievements in time, improve and innovate weapon systems and military technical equipment to meet the needs of modern warfare. Talent modernization is the key to realize military modernization. It is necessary to train talents who meet the requirements of modern warfare, and to train commanders and technicians who have modern military theory, scientific culture and scientific management knowledge and can master and control modern weapons, technologies, equipment and combat methods. The modernization of system establishment is an important link in the close combination of modern weapon technology and equipment with high-quality talents and the overall efficiency. It is necessary to build an army composed of various services and arms with lean organization, flexible command, rapid response, high efficiency and strong combat effectiveness, which can meet the requirements of different combat tasks. ③ Modernization of national defense scientific research and national defense industrial system. This is an indispensable material and technical foundation for national defense modernization. It mainly includes: the basic research topics and applied research topics of national defense scientific research should reach the world advanced level; It has a modern scientific research system, research methods and scientific management. The national defense industry should realize the modernization of production tools, production structure, production organization and labor composition and form an efficient and intensive production system. ④ Modernization of national defense laws and regulations system and war mobilization system. That is to establish an efficient and perfect national defense legal system and war mobilization system, so as to grasp the direction, guide and guarantee the construction of national defense strength, accumulate and develop national defense potential, and ensure that national defense potential can be quickly and smoothly transformed into national defense strength when necessary. ⑤ Modernization of national defense infrastructure and battlefield construction. It is also an important part of national defense construction and a necessary condition for a modern army with modern weapons, technology and equipment to give full play to its role. It is necessary to build national defense infrastructure projects and battlefield facilities that meet the requirements of modern warfare and can effectively preserve effective forces, and pay full attention to the construction of battlefield facilities such as early warning system, battlefield surveillance system, command and control, communication and intelligence system, electronic warfare and anti-electronic warfare.

National defense modernization and the economic strength of economic, scientific and technological countries are the basis of national defense modernization. National defense modernization is the embodiment of a country's comprehensive strength. National defense capability depends on the development of economic strength. National defense modernization must be based on national economic construction and adapt to the development of national economic construction. Only by strengthening modern economic construction and improving the economic strength of the whole country can we create more favorable conditions and provide a stronger material foundation for national defense modernization. National defense modernization not only depends on national economic construction, but also promotes and guarantees national economic construction. In other words, it can produce huge direct or indirect benefits to the development of national economy, politics and science and technology in a wide range and become the driving force of national economic development. National defense modernization is a highly concentrated field of manpower, financial resources, material resources and technology, which embodies the most advanced level of the country. Therefore, the spillover, diffusion and transfer of national defense technology and national defense industry to civilian use, as well as the comprehensive functions and benefits of military and civilian compatibility in various ways such as talents, intelligence, advanced management and military facilities, will greatly promote the high development of the national economy.

The modernization of science and technology is the key to the modernization of national defense. Science and technology are the primary productive forces, which have become the characteristics of the present era. Militarily, the extensive application of scientific and technological achievements not only greatly improves the performance and power of weapons and equipment, but also greatly improves the scientific and cultural quality of soldiers. Science and technology have become one of the important factors of the army's combat effectiveness. National defense modernization is the comprehensive embodiment of modern scientific and technological achievements, and the level of science and technology is the main symbol to measure the degree of national defense modernization. The need of national defense modernization has promoted the development of science and technology. The research and development of contemporary major science and technology, especially high-tech research and development, not only requires a lot of investment, long period and high risk, but also requires a high degree of knowledge and intelligence. Only the national defense strength with unique advantages in these aspects is the most qualified to undertake. The need of national defense modernization supports the research and development of the most advanced science, and makes the latest science and technology make breakthroughs and developments in the military first. Modern nuclear energy technology, information technology, aerospace technology, computer technology and other high-tech achievements have developed rapidly with the needs of national defense modernization.

China's national defense modernization China's national defense modernization is entirely to ensure national security and safeguard world peace. In the government work report of the First National People's Congress from 65438 to 0954, Premier Zhou Enlai first called for the construction of modern national defense. The First Session of the Third National People's Congress (1964) further clearly put forward four modernization goals, including national defense modernization. Through continuous efforts, China has made great achievements in national defense modernization and established a relatively complete national defense scientific research and defense industry system; The China People's Liberation Army has developed from a single service in the past into a multi-service synthetic army including the army, navy, air force and strategic missile force; Weapons and equipment have also been greatly improved and developed, and missile nuclear technology and space technology have been mastered, further enhancing the ability to contain war and enhancing China's international status. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China's national defense modernization has entered a new historical development period, and great achievements have been made in building national defense modernization with China characteristics.

China is a socialist country with abundant natural resources and sufficient human resources, a relatively complete scientific research and modern industrial system, a superior socialist system, a strong leadership of the production party, a glorious fine tradition and a reliable people's army, which has laid a good foundation for national defense modernization. China has a land border of more than 20,000 kilometers and a coastline of 1.8 million kilometers, and there are many economic centers, military sites and political and cultural centers. It is necessary to have an all-round, large-space and multi-functional national defense capability and a national defense force commensurate with China's international status. To realize the modernization of national defense, we must proceed from China's national conditions, face the world, adhere to the strategic policy of active defense, focus on building a modern army with actual combat capability, vigorously develop the modernization of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, and give priority to training modern talents; Adhere to reform and opening up and take the road of national defense modernization of independence, self-reliance, military-civilian compatibility and combination of peacetime and wartime; We will implement the policy of combining a lean standing army with a strong reserve army, combining conventional forces with strategic nuclear forces, and combining national defense strength with national defense potential. Make full use of the favorable international environment, give full play to the advantages of the socialist system and the modern people's war, make overall plans and make coordinated progress on the basis of enhancing comprehensive national strength and accumulating national defense strength, and accelerate the process of national defense modernization. With the further development of national economy, science and technology, the level of national defense modernization with China characteristics will be continuously improved.