What is the origin of swimming?

Swimming originated very early. In ancient times, human beings lived in an environment full of rivers, lakes and seas, which was bound to have a relationship with water. In the process of productive labor and struggle with nature, swimming appeared, and various swimming skills and methods were constantly created and developed.

The origin of breaststroke

Breaststroke is an ancient stroke. According to relevant data, there were similar situations in China, Rome and ancient Egypt as early as 2000 to 4000 years ago. For example, Egyptians used to draw portraits of people swimming on toilet paper. Judging from the action structure of the portrait, this is a technical action of breaststroke. 1875 On August 24th, Matthew Webb, a famous swimmer, swam across the English Channel in the form of breaststroke for 2 1 hour and 45 minutes. Breaststroke is the first swimming style adopted in swimming competitions in the early19th century. With the frequent competition, side swimming and crawl have appeared one after another. Due to the slow speed of breaststroke, fewer and fewer people breaststroke in the competition. It was not until the third Olympic Games in 1904 that the breaststroke was separated from other strokes and the men's 400-meter breaststroke was added. The fourth Olympic Games changed to the 200-meter breaststroke. 1924 Women's 200m breaststroke was added. By 1968, the 100 m breaststroke for men and women was added, which has been passed down to this day. During the period of 1924-1933, the biggest innovation of breaststroke was that the arm moved forward from the water to the air after paddling, but the breaststroke still landed, which led to the deformation of breaststroke-butterfly stroke. 1936, FINA supplemented the rules of breaststroke, allowing butterfly to be used in breaststroke competition, so butterfly replaced breaststroke. 1948 in the 200-meter breaststroke competition of the 14th Olympic Games, only one person used breaststroke technique. In the 200-meter competition of 65438-0952 in the15th Olympic Games, all the athletes adopted the butterfly stroke technique. Butterfly was officially listed as a new event on 1952. The rules at that time also allowed breaststroke to swim in the water. Because of the low diving resistance, it can give full play to the arm strength and speed, so by the 1956 th 16 th Olympic Games, almost all male breaststroke swimmers had adopted the long stroke diving breaststroke. At that time, Japanese athlete Furukawa set a new world record of 200 meters in 2 minutes and 34.7 seconds, and China's outstanding athlete Mu Xiangxiong also set a new world record in diving breaststroke. /kloc-After the 6th Olympic Games, FINA revised the rules and announced that it would cancel the "diving breaststroke", allowing only one diving stroke and one diving stroke after starting and turning, and forbidding diving under normal water all the time. So the surface breaststroke has been restored and developed.

The origin of butterfly stroke

Butterfly is the youngest of the four competitive swimming postures. The butterfly stroke appeared in 1933. In the YMCA competition in Brooklyn, American Henry Mills first moved forward from the air with his arms, breaststroke and water pushing with his feet. There was no separate butterfly event at that time, but it appeared in the breaststroke competition. It was not until the 1952 th 15 th Olympic Games that breaststroke and butterfly were separated and the formal butterfly event came into being. After the separation of butterfly and breaststroke, butterfly technique developed rapidly. On May 3rd1953, 3rd1,Hungarian athlete George Dong Beike opened the butterfly world record for the first time. His technical action is to kick his leg three times in a cycle. In 1960' s, there were three technical types in butterfly stroke: one was a wide stroke with two arms, one kicking and one dragging; The second is narrow strokes, the first one is heavy and the second one is light; Third, the high elbow stroke, the arm stroke route is keyhole-shaped, the second kick is heavy, and the effective stroke route is long. At present, many excellent athletes adopt this technique.

The origin of backstroke

Backstroke comes after breaststroke. In the long-distance swimming, it is found that as long as you lie on your back in the water and move your arms and legs slightly, you can naturally float on the water and move forward, and you can rest in the water. The earliest backstroke technique appeared in 1794. For a long time in the future, backstroke was also called backstroke at that time because both arms were used to stroke backwards at the same time and both legs were used to do breaststroke. 1902 introduce crawl technique into backstroke. 19 12 In the 5th Olympic Games, American athlete Herbnier took turns paddling with his arms and his legs kept paddling, and won the 1 00 meter championship with a score of1min 2 1 sec, confirming the crawl backstroke. 1936 At the 11th Olympic Games, Kefir of the United States won the 100 meter championship with a score of 1: 5.9. His technical movements are relatively perfect and reasonable, laying the foundation for modern backstroke. At present, the backstroke technique is a cooperative technique of two arm bends, sixty-four leg strokes and one breath.

The origin of freestyle

As early as 1000 BC, an Assyrian relief and a Greek vase in 750 BC, the swimming method of paddling with both arms in turn has been discovered. According to the existing records, it was an Englishman, Ding Dulu, who was thirty years old, who took turns paddling with his two arms. Later, the freestyle technique of paddling with legs up and down, kicking and dragging legs twice appeared one after another. At the second Olympic Games held in 1900, Hungarian Haarman won the bronze medal in the 200-meter race and the gold medal in the 400-meter race by alternately paddling and dragging his legs with his arms. Then he won the 50-yard freestyle and 100-yard freestyle gold medals in the third Olympic Games. Later, an Englishman, Cha Cavell, created the method of kicking water by turns with his legs, which opened up a new way for the development of freestyle technology. 1922, American Wes Muller set a new world record with his arms paddling 1 time and his legs paddling 6 times, becoming the first athlete to break the 1 mark in the 100 meter freestyle. His technique is considered to have laid the foundation of modern freestyle technique. In the thirties, the technique of crossing arms before swimming was popular in the swimming world, and it spread until the fifties. With the continuous improvement of sports performance, there are four kicking techniques. 1949, Japanese athlete Guqiao used four kicks for the first time, setting a new world record of1500m freestyle. On the one hand, swimmers admit that this technique can speed up the action frequency, on the other hand, they are afraid of changing the technique of kicking water for six times and affecting their performance, so the technique of ancient bridge has not been widely used. By 1956, Australian athlete Ross used this technique to break through the mark of1500m freestyle for the first time. In the same year, at the16th Olympic Games held in Melbourne, American athlete Sally also adopted the freestyle technique of kicking four times, which improved the world record of freestyle to 17: 52.9; In the early 1960s, China athlete Fu Dajin adopted the four-kick technique with his arms crossed, and won the national record of China short and medium freestyle for many times. Therefore, the four-kick technique began to attract the attention of sports people at home and abroad. However, with the rapid development of swimming, people are not satisfied with the four-stroke technique. 1964 At the18th Olympic Games held in Tokyo, Australian athlete Wendell won the 1500m championship by kicking twice, raising the world record of this event to17: 01.7; At the19th Olympic Games held in Mexico from 65438 to 0968, seven athletes used the technique of kicking twice.

In 1970s, many elite athletes adopted the technique of two kicks and two arms crossing in the middle and back, and achieved excellent results in the long and short freestyle events. So this technology began to develop. At present, most short-distance athletes in the world use six kicks, while most long-distance athletes use two kicks. Swimming: 50m freestyle,100m freestyle, 200m freestyle, 400m freestyle,1500m freestyle (female: 800m freestyle),100m backstroke, 200m backstroke,100m breaststroke, 200.

Diving: 3m springboard,10m platform, 3m springboard for synchronized, and10m platform for synchronized.