Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Why does the Chinese nation have national cohesion in high school politics?

Why does the Chinese nation have national cohesion in high school politics?

National cohesion is the vitality and development of a nation, and it is also an important part of a country's comprehensive national strength. As a soft power, it restricts the development of a country's economic, cultural and scientific strength. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to continuously enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation. For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has experienced hardships. One of the important reasons is that the Chinese nation has strong cohesion and profound cultural traditions. Why did the unique Chinese civilization pass on for five or six thousand years in the history of world civilization? How to decipher the longevity code of China culture? What forces unite the Chinese nation closely?

Chinese culture is an inexhaustible motive force for the Chinese nation to live endlessly and forge ahead in unity.

Moderator: Culture is the national identity card. Chinese culture is an inexhaustible motive force for the Chinese nation to live endlessly and forge ahead in unity. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward: "Carry forward Chinese culture and build the homeland of the Chinese nation." What special significance does this have for our cultural construction today?

Zhang Qizhi (Professor, Tsinghua University Institute of Thought and Culture): I think this formulation is very profound. Why? First of all, from the perspective of our time, we should have a deeper understanding of the culture in the new period. Economic development and political civilization construction have reached a certain level, and the people urgently need rich spiritual and cultural nutrition. In addition to economic strength, military strength, political strength, but also cultural strength. Cultural national strength shows the mental outlook of 65.438+0.3 billion modern citizens, and shows a cohesive force and profound cultural accomplishment of the Chinese nation. Without strong cultural strength, it is difficult for the Chinese nation to play a role in the world.

What is the essence of China culture? Chinese culture is an inexhaustible motive force for the Chinese nation to live endlessly and forge ahead in unity. It is our foothold and starting point to promote Chinese culture by linking Chinese culture with the prosperity of the country and emphasizing the unity of Chinese culture's nationality and times. The rising new upsurge of socialist cultural construction is an important symbol of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is an all-round rejuvenation of economy, politics and culture, and it is indispensable. If people's lives are not constantly improved and there is no general prosperity, they will not be able to support the development of the country. However, without the coordinated development of politics and culture, a great country cannot be shaped by economic development alone. Political democracy and the rule of law provide institutional and normative guarantees for national rejuvenation, and cultural rejuvenation provides spiritual support and cohesion for the nation, which shows how important it is to carry forward Chinese culture.

Moderator: How to combine the historical characteristics of China to see the necessity of building the spiritual home of the Chinese nation?

Zhang Qizhi: To understand the feudal society in China after Qin Dynasty, we can't do without two important perspectives: national unity and national integration. Despite wars and disputes in China's history, reunification is always the general trend. Under the background of national unity, typical Han and Tang civilizations appeared. This tells us that the vast territory of China is jointly developed by all ethnic groups, and Chinese culture is also jointly created by all ethnic groups. Because of this historical tradition, the 56 ethnic groups in China, including the Han nationality, should maintain national unity in the cause of building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics. The construction of the spiritual homeland of the Chinese nation embodies the common aspiration of 56 nationalities and the combination of China's historical and cultural heritage and innovation.

The core of building a national spiritual home is to have "spirit"

Moderator: In recent years, the academic circles have conducted in-depth discussions on the spirit of the Chinese nation and gained a lot of knowledge, but different people still have different views on some issues. What do you think is the core problem of building the spiritual home of the Chinese nation?

Zhang Qizhi: To carry forward Chinese culture and build a national spiritual home, we should pay special attention to the word "spirit". If we leave the main axis of spiritual civilization, nothing can be said. The "spirit" here mainly refers to two aspects. First, what is the spirit of infiltration in China culture; Second, what kind of spirit do we treat the construction of national spiritual homeland today? Promoting Chinese culture mainly refers to drawing inexhaustible spiritual power from China's excellent history and culture. In the activities of building a national spiritual home, although there is no lack of material content, it is more important that cultural facilities should have spiritual connotation and have a positive role in purifying the social environment, so that the endless creative spirit and struggle spirit of the Chinese nation can be passed down and carried forward.

Cultural identity makes people of all ethnic groups have a psychological affiliation, which has played a role in consolidating China's identity.

Moderator: Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Only the soul of the people is valuable. Only when he develops the soul of the people can China make real progress." With the acceleration of globalization, how to treat the role of "people's soul" and national culture in national identity?

Mou (Professor, Minzu University of China): With the development of the times and the acceleration of economic globalization, the importance of national culture has not decreased, but increased. First, culture is increasingly becoming an element of comprehensive national strength competition; Second, cultural heritage and cultural industries have received unprecedented attention; Third, the revival of the nation is bound to be accompanied by the prosperity of culture. Chinese culture is the spiritual pillar and unity bond of the whole nation, and it is an inexhaustible source of national cohesion and creativity, from which people can continuously draw nutrition, wisdom and strength. If a nation is only developed in modern economy, its national culture is not obvious, and even imitates others everywhere, it is not a real power and will not be sincerely respected by the world. Therefore, building a modern cultural power has become the goal that China people should strive for.

Mr. Fei Xiaotong once pointed out that the pattern of the Chinese nation is diverse, with 56 ethnic groups at the grassroots level and the Chinese nation at the top. "Advanced ethnic groups can be said to be a unified and diverse synthesis" (see related links). The Chinese nation is a compound nation, that is, there are ethnic groups among ethnic groups, which are composed of many single ethnic groups, and it has become a big nation in itself. A nation has three elements: ancestral identity, cultural characteristics and self-awareness. Ancestor identity is an ancestral belief formed on the basis of blood relationship, cultural characteristics are the fundamental measure to identify a nation, and self-awareness is to realize that a nation is the same body of fate.

The belief in the Five Emperors centered on the Yellow Emperor, which was popular in the Warring States period, represented the geographical and spatial pattern of the Chinese nation in the Central Plains, with the Huaxia people as the main body, surrounded by four ethnic groups and mixed ethnic groups. The belief in the Five Emperors, headed by the Yellow Emperor, has the following similarities: sage, benevolence, benefiting the people, peace and great achievements. While shaping the image of the Five Emperors, the ancestors are actually casting the character of the Chinese nation, the core of which is people-oriented, noble and harmonious, and brave in innovation. This cultural gene was later carried forward by Confucius and Laozi, which laid a spiritual direction for the long-term development of the Chinese nation, making it not only endless, advancing with the times, but also tolerant and enduring.

Belief in the Yellow Emperor is a combination of ancestral identity and cultural identity, which is not only the origin of blood, but also the root of culture. The belief in the Yellow Emperor has integrated national unity, made all ethnic groups of the Chinese nation have a common psychological affiliation, played a role in consolidating Chinese national identity, and played a cultural function of rallying multi-ethnic, China people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and overseas Chinese. Its humanistic spirit and sacred pursuit not only re-establish our culture and mind on the roots of our nation, but also inspire us to explore and create.

Patriotism embodies the Chinese nation.

Moderator: We know that the national spirit is the spiritual support for the survival and development of a nation. A nation, without inspiring spirit and noble character, cannot stand on its own feet among the nations of the world. So, what is the relationship between the national spirit and the patriotism we advocate?

Zhao (Dean and Professor of northwest university of politics and law Institute of Humanities): Why does the Chinese nation have such great cohesion and centripetal force? We believe that the patriotism of the Chinese nation, as a great spiritual force, objectively promotes the process of Chinese civilization and embodies the strength of the Chinese nation. From the social point of view, patriotism, with its vitality, attraction and appeal, integrates, unites and condenses the forces of all social strata in our country, forms a sense of identity and belonging to the motherland, and sublimates the individual will into a clear historical resultant force, thus enhancing the centripetal force and cohesion of the Chinese nation.

Duan Jianhai (Professor northwest university of politics and law): Patriotism and national spirit are actually an interactive and pragmatic relationship. Patriotism is the historical source and value of the national spirit, and the national spirit can only find its real use in the historical process of carrying forward patriotism. Only by objectifying practical activities can the Chinese nation realize its own essential strength and give full play to the efficacy of the national spirit. For thousands of years, in the historical process of patriotism, the great national spirit of the Chinese nation, with its unique attraction and appeal, has aggregated the strength of all sectors of Chinese society, promoted the formation of national centripetal force and cohesion, awakened the national pride, national pride and national self-confidence of the Chinese nation, and formed a directional historical joint force to promote the development of patriotism. Moreover, the national spirit also regulates the formation and development mechanism of patriotism with the power of culture, infects, inspires and guides the Chinese nation to form a rational world view, historical view, values and thinking view to safeguard and develop the interests of the motherland, consciously regulates the historical practice activities of patriotic subjects, and casts spiritual power and intellectual support for the development and progress of Chinese patriotism.

In the historical process of creating national culture, the Chinese nation needs the survival and development of the same race, so that various cultural schools and ideas have formed a cultural value system that fully reflects the overall interests of the Chinese nation in the long-term historical running-in and the cycle of subjective value selection and integration in cultural creation activities, and comprehensively stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of individuals to society, the country and the nation. Clarifying the relationship between individuals and the motherland has enabled Chinese culture, with its strong democracy, transcendental rational power and spiritual appeal, to form a driving force to unite social forces, become the commander-in-chief who finally integrates the relations and interests between countries, synthesize the overall strength (historical resultant force) to safeguard and develop the interests of the motherland, and lay the foundation for the centripetal force and cohesion of the Chinese nation.

China's heartbeat overseas is a kind of "soft power"

Moderator: A song sings well: "Rivers and mountains are only in dreams. The motherland has not been close for many years, but it can't change my China heart anyway." Although I wear a skirt, my heart is still China's. My ancestors have put Chinese seals on everything ... The blood flowing in my heart is surging with the voice of China ... "As a China scholar who lives or works overseas, is it cohesive to the Chinese nation?

You Guangjian (a scholar studying in the United States): We China people who live overseas are really so-called "being in Cao Cao's heart and being in Han", and we are most concerned about China every day. We are very sad for the earthquake in Sichuan, and we are also very happy for the success of the Olympic Games. We are very worried about the impact of the world financial crisis on China's exports, and we are glad that China took the lead in breaking through the economic difficulties and embarking on the road of recovery. Our hearts fluctuate with the ups and downs of China's national conditions, and our emotions fluctuate with the quality of China's career.

Of course, there are tens of millions of overseas Chinese, and the situation is complicated. It is impossible to have a mentality. Take new york, where I live, for example. There are old overseas Chinese and new overseas Chinese. Some people are engaged in business activities, others are international students and scholars doing research work; Some have become famous and entered the upper class, while others are still struggling for survival; As for political tendencies, it is even different. Dividing by left, middle and right is far from summarizing the actual complex situation. Although the situation of overseas Chinese is different, they all have a China heart, which is a heart that cares about China and beats with the fate of China.

Working people in China come to the United States, and in a strange place, they can't speak this language. Many of them are penniless and even heavily in debt. What did they come to America to work hard on? Only the villagers. It was fellow villagers who arranged accommodation and helped them find their first job. Next, we must rely on our own efforts, be thrifty and save money bit by bit. Then you have to ask a lawyer to apply for residence. Only when you have a green card can you pick up your wife and children, and the whole family will come to the United States to work hard. China's working people come to the United States to start businesses, and they all have countless hardships and endless sweat. They are inseparable from the support and help of American folks, and they also have deep feelings for their hometown elders. Therefore, there are more and more associations based on fellow villagers, and more and more Chinese-inhabited places are centered on Chinese commercial points, gradually forming Chinatown of different sizes. There are eight avenues in new york's Greater Chinatown: Manhattan Chinatown, Flushing in Queens and Brooklyn.

Living in Chinatown, all I see are big signs, and the common language is Chinese. Shops run by China people are everywhere, dealing not only with clothes and articles that people need together, but also with food and utensils in China. There are many China restaurants and snack bars with local characteristics in China, where you can read all kinds of Chinese newspapers. Libraries in this area also have Chinese books and audio-visual products. People here have kept the customs of China people. The biggest festival is the year of China. There are various forms of parades and celebrations, and lion dance is the most common program. So living in Chinatown is like living in a market town in the south of China. In such a strong atmosphere of China, people will never forget that they are from China. Chinatown was established on the basis of fellow villagers, and it is inextricably linked with China's hometown. With the constant homesickness, the China heart of overseas Chinese here will always exist.

Another large group of overseas Chinese are China students and scholars. They have been educated in China for a long time, and they have a deep-rooted China complex in both rationality and sensibility. Students and scholars in China are scattered in different universities, research institutes and companies, as well as individual freelancers. Their work is scattered, their residences are scattered, and they are integrated with the mainstream American society. It is usually difficult to form a force, and it seems that their influence cannot be seen. However, once a major event happens in China, China students and some scholars will soon gather to make their own voices and play an unexpected role. They live in the mainstream society, have close ties with the mainstream society, and have no language barriers. At this time, their influence is much greater than that of people in Chinatown. The American financial crisis that broke out in 2008 dealt a great blow to the American economy, and the unemployment rate remained high. Unlike the United States, China has been less affected by the world financial crisis, recovered quickly and is developing along a healthy road. Seeing this situation, many overseas students in China are thinking deeply about the problem of returning to work and starting a business, and their China heart is stirring violently.

With the rapid development of China's economy, the opening to the outside world is becoming more and more relaxed, and a number of entrepreneurs engaged in Sino-US trade are active between China and the United States, a large part of whom are overseas Chinese. Because the quality of Sino-US relations is directly related to their actual interests, they must be promoters of Sino-US friendship. They have economic strength, so their support for China is open and powerful, which is an upward trend that cannot be ignored.

Overseas Chinese have a China heart, which is the product of blood relationship and China cultural tradition, and embodies family ties, nostalgia, ideas and vital interests. The better China develops and opens wider to the outside world, the more China people will go abroad, the more overseas Chinese will grow up, and the more China's heart will beat. China's influence on the world is bound to increase. This is real soft power, a force for peace, which is beneficial to China and the world, because it is a force for promoting Sino-foreign friendship and a solid bridge for Sino-foreign exchanges.

China should have cultural confidence.

Tian (Professor of Beijing Foreign Studies University, scholar studying in the United States): At present, the process of China's reform and opening up and the fierce international economic, political and cultural competition environment are great opportunities for China's cultural consciousness and self-confidence to communicate with western cultures. Due to the trend of economic globalization, various national cultures have to contact each other. No cultural exchange is not only impossible, but also a sign of self-distrust. Now we should avoid some simple logical thinking, have a moderate understanding of China's cultural tradition, and realize a reasonable and accurate estimation of the cultural tradition. Only in this way can we realize the influence of China culture and be more confident. What cultural communication needs first is to have such a normal mentality, not that kind of self-distorted mentality.

There is a British historian named John Hobson, who opposes Eurocentrism such as "the West is advanced and the East is backward". He said that this Europe-centered discourse structure was actually consciously fabricated by the West. He gave a speech at Beijing Foreign Studies University, saying that he refuted Eurocentrism. I asked him at that time, saying that you think Eurocentrism is very strong in China. He said he saw it, and when he came here, he felt ashamed. Why is it a "shame"? It means that you in China need me to tell you as a westerner: you should have confidence. In fact, you have a great influence on western civilization. Without you, there would be no modern western civilization. His words are very enlightening for us to establish cultural self-confidence and enhance national cultural pride.

China culture is fundamentally worthy of our persistence and self-confidence, which are the world outlook, mode of thinking, social practice and the value system derived from it. We have no reason to abandon it. It is the soul, sustenance and confidence of the Chinese nation and the intangible cohesion of the Chinese nation. We can't strangle our souls. In the long run, the real power lies in the culture itself and the profoundness of the culture. China culture is characterized by the pursuit of harmony and balance. It bears its own destiny. It is an open system, at least conservative, and also the most progressive. With the development of economy and the process of economic globalization, China culture has gone abroad. The world needs China culture, and China culture is bound to show its China character and nationality in the communication with the world, so it is more cosmopolitan. China culture is bound to show its essence on the broad stage of the world through exchanges and make contributions to creating a peaceful and stable world environment.

Moderator: With the development of the times, the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation needs to constantly sublate and absorb new things to meet the requirements of the development of national cohesion. At present, it is the direction of spiritual and cultural development of the Chinese nation to combine the national spirit with the spirit of the times and build a socialist core value system. We believe that if we stick to this direction and put it into practice, the cohesion of the Chinese nation will certainly be continuously enhanced.

Explanation of related link keywords

national cohesion

It is generally believed that national cohesion refers to the form of an idea (feelings, wishes, ideals and values) contained by each national member. Like economic strength and scientific and technological strength, it is an important part of comprehensive national strength, the soul and spiritual pillar of comprehensive national strength, and plays a core role.