China's Tang Dynasty formed several major porcelain kilns

The five famous kilns of the Tang Dynasty: Hebei Ding kiln Henan Jun kiln Jiangxi Jingdezhen kiln Zhejiang Longquan kiln Shaanxi Yaozhou kiln

And Yuezhou kiln, Dingzhou kiln, Wuzhou kiln, Yuezhou kiln, Shouzhou kiln, Hongzhou kiln. Xingzhou kiln.

Major Porcelain Kilns of the Tang Dynasty

(1) Xing Kiln of Hebei Province Xing Kiln is one of the famous porcelain kilns of the Tang Dynasty, and it occupies a very important position in the history of the development of Chinese ceramics. Xing kiln was famous for firing white porcelain, which was developed and matured through the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Tang dynasty Li Zhao "state history supplement" recorded: "Neiqiu white porcelain ou, Duanxi purple stone ink stone, the world no noble and low common". Fully explains the kiln site should be in the qiu, and can be seen in the xing kiln porcelain at the time of the high quality, the number of large, the influence of the wide. Xing kiln porcelain general impression is "white as snow", but from the site excavation of porcelain can be seen, the glaze color can be divided into white, black and brown-yellow three kinds. 1984 Neiqiu County to carry out cultural relics census, in the county around the discovery of the 28 ancient kiln sites, unearthed a large number of white porcelain debris, white porcelain texture is delicate, glaze is as smooth as snow, Lu Yu in the "tea scripture" has "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the". Tea Classic" has "silver-like snow" description. Xing kiln white porcelain is divided into fine porcelain and coarse porcelain, fine white porcelain bowl, bracket, pouch pots, note and pots, bowls and other types of vessels, bowls are characterized by shallow open mouth, the bowl was 45 ° angle slanting out of the mouth edge of the external raised a week, the bottom of the center of the Tanping concave, glazed, shaped like a jade jade jade; coarse white porcelain bowl more of all kinds of bowls, there are also note, pillows, etc., coarse white porcelain bowls are applied with make-up clay, large bowls are more flat-bottomed, small bowl of jade jade jade bottom as much as the external glaze is not to the end, with stacked firing, the bottom is not to the end, with a glaze, the bottom is not to the end, with a glaze. Glaze is not in the end, with stacked firing method of firing, between the bowl and the bowl pad with triangular support, the bowl heart left with support burn marks, large bowl bottom more white triangular support marks, support marks outside the fire-red color. Xing kiln porcelain to white glaze color, rarely see additional decoration. Xing kiln white porcelain is exported to Iraq, Egypt, Pakistan, Japan and Iran.

(2) Yue Kiln in Zhejiang Province Yue Kiln has a long history of porcelain firing, can be traced back to the end of the Shang Dynasty, but the Tang Dynasty is the fastest development of Yue Kiln porcelain until the late Tang Dynasty into its prosperous period, the Tang Dynasty Yue Kiln celadon geographical scope is more extensive, in addition to the center of Shangyu, Ningbo and other centers, Zhejiang Northeast, Southeast, is found to be firing kilns. Tang dynasty yueyue kiln porcelain tire fine, uniform glaze, feel thick and moist. The main types of wares include bowls, plates, pots, poppies, bottles, jars, ear cups, marigolds, powder boxes, water pots, spatulas and so on. These wares not only inherited the shape of the previous period but also new innovations and development. The chicken head pot was replaced by a jug. Tang Dynasty late part of the wares obviously imitated the gold and silver vessels. Tang dynasty yueyao porcelain glaze, but the surface of the object is also sometimes a small amount of decoration. Patterns to scratch mainly, both printed, carved and carved and other techniques. Scratching lines refined and smooth, a few strokes into a vibrant flower.

(3) Ding Kiln in Hebei Ding Kiln kiln site is located in Quyang County, Hebei, Jian ceramic village and the East and West Yanchuan Village, ancient times for the jurisdiction of Dingzhou, so the name. In the late Tang Dynasty, due to the scarcity of raw materials for porcelain production in Xing kilns and other reasons, the decline, the Tang Dynasty, Hebei Ding kilns began to replace the Xing kilns as the famous white porcelain kilns in the north. The shape and glaze color of Ding kiln is comparable to Xing kiln. The glaze color was either pure white or white with flashes of green, and the shape of the wares found in the excavated artifacts imitated that of the Xing kilns. In the Tang Dynasty, the white porcelain of Ding Kiln was made in the form of bowls, plates, marigolds, pots and so on. Where with "official", "new official" white porcelain is Ding kiln white porcelain in the fine, such fine white porcelain from the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties until the Northern Song Dynasty have been burned. It is generally believed that the "official" "new official" paragraph engraved in the delicate thin tire, exquisite production, pure white glaze or white in the flash of green on the object, belongs to the Tang, the Five Dynasties period; engraved in the glaze white or white in the yellow or part of the slight flash of green, sometimes with the incised flower decoration objects On the early Northern Song Dynasty; engraved on the over-fired, glazed and decorated with incised flowers around the mouth, belonging to the late Northern Song Dynasty.

(4) Gongxian Kiln in Henan Province The Gongxian kiln is located in Xiaohuangye, Tieshifu, and Baihe Township of Gongxian County, Henan Province, and is mainly used for firing white porcelain, as well as blue-and-white and three-color pottery. The white porcelain wares fired at Gongxian Kiln mainly include bowls, pots, vases, jars, pillows, etc., with bowls and plates as the main wares, and bowls being the most numerous. The tire quality of Gongxian kiln is relatively delicate, and the color is white or white with yellowish variety. Ware inside and outside the wall are glazed, ware inside full of glaze, part of the ware near the bottom is not glazed, most of the center of the bottom of the bowl is not glazed, the glaze are small open flakes. Tang Sancai kiln site is mainly concentrated in the big and small Huangye village near the production of mainly for daily necessities, tea sets mostly. Between the stranded pillows.

(5) Hunan Changsha kiln Changsha kiln is located in present-day Changsha City, Hunan Province, the suburbs of Tongguan Town, found in 1956, because the first discovery in Tongguan, also known as Tongguan kiln. The Changsha kiln has a wide range of styles of wares, which is rare among the kiln sites in the Tang Dynasty. The kilns were mainly used for daily life, and also burned scholar's objects and various porcelain toys. Early Changsha kilns to bowl, plate, pots, jars, pots, mainly in the later part of the increase in the wash, pillows, brackets, boxes, paperweights, inkstone drops, brush wash, dismissal, inkstone and so on. Tang Dynasty Changsha kiln porcelain early tire more fluffy, tire color dark red, late tire fine, color more gray and yellow and gray-green. Glaze color in the early yellow with green, the proportion of yellow is slightly larger, tire glaze combination is not good, stripping the glaze phenomenon is serious; later glaze green and slightly yellow, stable tone, more uniform, glaze and tire combination is close, not stripping the glaze. Changsha kilns are richly decorated. Underglaze painting and molded appliqués are the most characteristic. More application of appliqué, engraved flowers, printing, skeletonization and other processes. The main motifs are figures, birds, fish, lotus, lions and sunflower.

(6) Hunyuan Kiln in Shanxi Ancient Shanxi porcelain industry is very developed, Hunyuan County porcelain kiln is one of them. Hunyuan kiln site is very rich in excavated artifacts, porcelain firing age early, the duration of a long period of time, the quality of porcelain is excellent. The main shape of the bowl-based, and cans and other objects. There are three main glaze colors: white glaze, black and brown glaze and tea leaves glaze. The body of the tire is relatively heavy, the tire is light gray-white, between the tire glaze with white make-up clay. Hunyuan kiln main varieties of porcelain to black glaze porcelain and white glaze porcelain.

(7) Tongchuan kiln in Shaanxi Tongchuan kiln site in Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Huangbao town, Huangbao town in ancient times belonged to the Yaofu, so it is also known as the "Yaosu kiln". Artifacts excavated at the site indicate that the Yaozhou kiln began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and was basically not burned in the Yuan Dynasty. The main types of ware: living utensils bowl, bowl, pot, plate, box, bottle, cup, etc.; there are some porcelain animals such as: horses, monkeys, dogs, tigers and porcelain figurines. Tongchuan kiln glaze color is mainly black glaze and white glaze two kinds, and some yellow glaze and green glaze. Decoration is simple, most of the light plain without lines. Modeling for the Tang Dynasty standard features.

(8) Anhui Shouzhou kiln Shouzhou kiln is located in the town of Shangyao, Tianjianan District, Huainan City, Anhui Province, named after the Tang Dynasty Shouzhou jurisdiction. The kiln site is about 4 kilometers long and has a wide geographical area. Shouzhou kiln wares in the Tang Dynasty were mainly made of yellow glaze, and the glaze colors included: wax yellow, eel yellow, yellow-green and rusty glaze, etc., with uneven thickness and thickness of the glaze layer. Tire quality is divided into two kinds of coarse and fine, the color of the tire is nearly white, white with reddish and reddish-red and so on. The biggest feature of Shouzhou kiln is the yellow porcelain, most of the excavated wares are mainly yellow glazed porcelain, most of the wares are roughly glazed, and the use of make-up clay is common. Ware types mainly include bowls, bowls, cups, notes and so on. No wares later than the Tang Dynasty were found at the site, and it is generally believed that the Shouzhou kiln terminated in the Tang Dynasty.

(9) Sichuan Qiong kiln Qiong kiln site is mainly distributed in Qionglai City, Sichuan solid stage, Shifangtang, Wayaoshan, Jianzishan and other places. Creation time is not known. Porcelain kilns in Sichuan during the Tang Dynasty to Qiong kiln is the most famous. Living utensils include: pots, jars, bowls, plates, cups, saucers, marigolds, lamps, stoves, beans, boxes, spit pots and spatulas. Qiong kiln wares are very regional characteristics. Small porcelain molded products of the Tang Dynasty has a strong local characteristics. Qiong kiln porcelain tire color to brown, dark brown and purplish red most; glaze color is rich, including green, green-gray, green, yellow, sauce, etc.. From the site of the excavated artifacts, Qiong kiln porcelain firing age of the lower limit should be as late as the late Northern Song Dynasty.

(10) Hongzhou kiln in Jiangxi Hongzhou kiln is located in present-day Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province, Qujiang, Luohu area, belonging to Hongzhou in the Tang Dynasty, hence the name. Hongzhou kiln was created in the early Southern Dynasties, flourished in Sui, decline in the Tang. It was one of the most famous kilns in the early Tang Dynasty. Hongzhou kiln to firing bowls and cups, rough porcelain; decoration mainly to lotus solid pattern, and other decorations, glaze is not to the end, the bottom foot exposed tire, glaze color is brown or dark brown, some green glaze, the quality of the object is not high.