What are the aesthetic similarities and differences between arts and crafts and folk art in China? Ask the related articles to be at least 1000 words.

Arts and crafts usually refer to plastic arts that beautify daily necessities and living environment. Its outstanding feature is the combination of material production and beauty creation, with practicality as the main purpose and aesthetic characteristics. A variety of handicrafts made with artistic skills that are combined with practicality and have appreciation value. Therefore, it usually has duality: it is not only a material product, but also has different degrees of spiritual aesthetics.

Folk art is an important factor in the artistic traditions of all ethnic groups and the source of all artistic forms. Painted pottery art in the Neolithic Age, stone carvings, pottery figurines and portraits in the Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties have distinctive folk art characteristics in shape and style; After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, literati and nobles became the leading figures in the painting world, but a large number of prints, New Year pictures, sculptures and murals were mainly made by folk craftsmen, while paper-cutting, embroidery, printing and dyeing, and garment sewing, which were loved by ordinary people, came directly from the hands of the masses, decorated, beautified and enriched social life, expressed people's psychology, wishes, beliefs and moral concepts, and were passed down from generation to generation, constantly innovating, developing and developing.

worker

Arts and Crafts-Zhangheng Seismograph in Eastern Han Dynasty

Arts and crafts are often restricted by their practicality, production conditions and materials used. To understand the aesthetic characteristics of arts and crafts, we must first grasp this essence.

Organic combination of applicability and aesthetics

Arts and crafts are closely related to people's food, clothing, housing and transportation. Like architecture, it has two basic social functions, that is, to meet people's practical needs in life and aesthetic needs in thought at the same time. In a sense, handicrafts are first applicable and then beautiful. A desk lamp that can't illuminate, a pen that can't write, no matter how beautiful the decoration is, it has no aesthetic value. Because of this, many display technologies are developing in the direction of application in design, for example, they can also be used as windshields and large decorative screens to separate halls. But this does not deny the existence and development of simple decorative arts and crafts. Broadly speaking, it is the embodiment of its applicability for decoration to display its decorative function with display technology. From this point of view, the aesthetic value of daily-use handicrafts can only be perfectly reflected through the exertion of applicability. For furniture and handicrafts, its applicability is expressed through aesthetic value. Here, "application" is concrete and "beauty" is abstract. The opposition and unity of "concreteness" and "abstraction" make many arts and crafts survive through the vicissitudes of the world, and keep their forms and concepts of environmental, historical and social beauty young forever. Undoubtedly, the combination of application and aesthetics is the essence and primary feature of arts and crafts. The aesthetics of arts and crafts is also restricted by the characteristics of craft types. The aesthetic value of various handicrafts depends on whether the characteristics of these handicrafts are fully exerted to some extent.

Folk art is closely related to folk activities, such as New Year pictures, paper-cutting, Spring Festival couplets, drama sets, lanterns, paper binding, symbols, costumes, dragon boat floats, moon cake patterns, clay sculptures and so on. Clothing and arrangements for folk festivals, as well as ethnic minority folk festivals. Folk art is distributed all over the country, and has formed rich categories and styles due to differences in region, customs, feelings and temperament. But they all have the characteristics of unity of practical value and aesthetic value. In addition, their materials are mostly ordinary wood, cloth, paper, bamboo and mud, but they are exquisitely made, ingenious in conception, good at bold imagination and exaggeration, and often use the familiar homophonic meaning, positive and optimistic, fresh and vigorous, simple and lively, expressing their dreams and ideals for a better life, full of romanticism.

There are many kinds of folk arts with different purposes and uses, such as plastic arts for appreciation and practical handicrafts. Generally speaking, it can be divided into: ① painting. These include prints, New Year pictures, architectural color paintings, murals, lantern paintings, fan paintings and so on. 2 sculpture. There are colored sculptures (spectacle colored sculptures, small clay figurines), architectural stone carvings, metal casting carvings, wood carvings, brick carvings, dough sculptures, glass architectural ornaments and so on. ③ Toys. Including mud toys, ceramic toys, cloth toys, bamboo toys, iron toys, paper toys, wax toys, etc. ④ Embroidery, dyeing and knitting. Including batik, calico, homespun, brocade, embroidery, flower picking, flower mending, etc. ⑤ clothing. Including national costumes, children's wear, wedding dresses, embroidered wallets, insoles, jewelry, velvet silk flower and so on. ⑥ Furniture and appliances. Including daily pottery, daily porcelain, wood, bamboo, lacquer, bronze and leather products, horses and chariots, etc. It has decorative and artistic value. ⑦ Toy group. Including puppets, shadow puppets, masks, flower show shapes, etc. 8 paper cutting. Including window grilles, fireworks, embroidery, embroidery patterns, tags, etc. Pet-name ruby paper lamp paper. Including all kinds of lanterns and all kinds of paper. Take part in knitting. Including straw weaving, bamboo weaving, wickerwork weaving, straw weaving, wheat straw weaving, brown weaving, paper weaving and so on. ? Food. Pastry mold, pastry modeling, candy modeling, etc. Folk art runs through all fields of people's life and spiritual world, directly reflecting the thoughts, feelings and aesthetic tastes of working people, and showing their intelligence and artistic talent.

Therefore, I personally think that arts and crafts may be included in folk art, but folk art is not necessarily arts and crafts, and arts and crafts are not necessarily folk art. They have a cross relationship in extension, but they are different in essence.

For reference only! ! !