On Russian architectural art under the influence of religion?

The following is the related content of Russian architectural art brought by Zhong Da Consulting for your reference.

Russia is a country with strong religious traditions. In the long history of 1000 years, both the original polytheism and the long-lasting Orthodox Church have found breeding ground in the vast land of Russia. Their spread brought not only religious beliefs to Russia, but also politics, economy, culture, art and other aspects, and left a deep impression on society and life with its strong posture. The prosperity and development of Russian architectural art also witnessed this ironclad historical evolution process, and showed the true face of this evolution with its artistic forms and architectural styles in various periods. Based on the intervention and guidance of religious factors, this paper presents the glory and greatness of Russian architecture in a related way. This paper focuses on the development history of Russian architecture before the 20th century and its religious influence.

introduce

Bibliography about Russian Orthodox Church and Russian architecture is endless. Among them, the History of Orthodox Church by Mr. Le Feng is a typical and outstanding representative work of the former. The History of Russian Architectural Translation by Professor Chen Zhihua from the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University should be one of the more authoritative works in the literature on the latter. The History of Russian Art written by Ren Guangxuan, a professor at Peking University, also specifically discusses Russian architecture. However, the works linking religious culture with architecture and studying this relationship have not yet been found. The original intention of this paper lies in: Russian religious and cultural traditions and architectural art traditions are excellent, and their achievements are also great; The connection between these two cultural traditions is so obvious and strong that everyone who appreciates Russian culture and art should not ignore it, but experience it more truly with body and mind. We emphasize connection when we look at problems, and the same theory can also be applied to Russian religion and architecture. The focus of this paper is to introduce the development of architectural art, and the dynamic factor of religion is considered as a powerful driving force for architectural development. The church, a sacrificial building serving religion, is a strong evidence in itself.

Russian architectural art is great, it has an innate simple style, and at the same time, under the influence of constant religious and cultural forces, it has a strong nature of serving religion. While briefly describing the historical development of Russian architecture, this paper focuses on the main artistic orientation, historical characteristics and development trend of the mainstream architecture-religious architecture, that is, "church", trying to reflect the profound influence of religion on architectural art, among which, from the position of Orthodox Church as the state religion of Russia in the Middle Ages, its influence is undoubtedly of special significance and should be emphasized. Of course, while giving examples, it also inevitably involves architectural terminology. This paper enumerates its general characteristics, tries to avoid boring enumeration and make the priorities clear. The description of the main building may be incomplete, but it will spare no effort to highlight the center.

Architecture is an important part of art and culture. The famous historian Toynbee divided the world culture into 2 1 civilization units in his masterpiece Historical Research, in which Russian culture is called "Russian Orthodox Church", which shows that religion, especially Orthodox Church, has a strong influence on Russian culture and art.

Especially in the Middle Ages, religious culture played an important role in architecture. Architecture is usually rooted in a certain social and natural soil, but the power of religious culture will bring countries and regions with different political systems thousands of kilometers apart into an architectural cultural circle. At this time, the major civilized countries and regions were included by several religious forces: the Christian world in Europe, the Islamic world in North Africa, Central Asia, West Asia, India and Spain, and the Hindu-Brahmin world in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Among them, the Christian world can be divided into Orthodox Church and Catholicism, and later there was a Protestant world. Macroscopically speaking, these religious spheres of influence are also several large architectural cultural circles. Although Russian architectural art is not as brilliant as Byzantine and Western Europe, on the basis of learning from their experience and innovating, there are also characteristic buildings that reflect the charm of orthodox architectural culture.

The first chapter is the religious culture and architectural tradition of Russia in history.

The Middle Ages in Russia began in Kiev, Russia in the middle of the 9th century. Before the Orthodox Church was introduced into Russia, Ross had his own unique art of wooden architecture.

1. 1 medieval Russian primitive religious culture and its sacrificial architecture.

Russian culture originated from the unique culture of Eastern Slavic tribes in the pre-Kiev period. Slavic nationality is one of the largest nationalities in Europe and the main nationality in Russia. The largest number of them are Eastern Slavs. They have their own traditional religious beliefs-they believe in polytheism, such as sun god, forest god, water god, Raytheon, fengshen, beast god and so on. In the early days of Kiev Ross, polytheism was once the state religion.

At first, the Eastern Slavs had no special temples to worship their gods. Then there is the wooden church building. Vladimir, Archduke of Kiev Ross, built the Pantheon of polytheism in Kiev in order to consolidate his political power and facilitate the rule of Eastern Slavs. Pantheon is the earliest wooden building in the polytheistic period of ancient Ross. There are many wood carvings and statues in the temple. During the period of polytheism, Gullas had a rich tradition of wooden architecture.

The construction method of Russian wooden buildings is that logs are stacked horizontally to form a load-bearing wall, and at the corners, logs are tenoned with each other. In order to clear the snow, the roof has a steep slope. This wooden house is simple, but it is very warm. Due to the limitation of structural technology and materials, the interior space is underdeveloped, and relatively large buildings need to be composed of several cabins, and the shape is quite complicated. A two-story house, the lower floor is used as a warehouse, corral, etc. And the upper floor is occupied. In order to occupy less indoor space, the stairs are located outdoors, and all components are connected through tortuous platforms.

Complex combination graphics, light outdoor stairs and platforms are lively and friendly after careful arrangement by craftsmen. Window sashes, mountain flower boards, balcony railings and other places are dotted with carved flowers, with clear axe marks and bright colors. It embodies the enthusiastic character of Russians.

1.2 Introduction of orthodox culture and evolution of traditional architectural style

In 988 AD, Russian Minister Vladimir accepted Christianity (Christianity was officially divided into Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity in the 1 1 century, so it was called Christianity here, but actually it was later Orthodox Christianity) and made it the state religion. The Grand Duke was not only baptized himself, but also forced Kiev residents to jump into the Dnieper River and be baptized by Greek priests. This is the famous "Ross Baptism" in history. It marks a new milestone in the historical development of Russian national culture. Gulos accepted Christianity. On the one hand, Ross's social economy and politics turned to monotheism. On the other hand, Ross began to approach the Christian culture and art in Europe, and made great changes and breakthroughs in cultural development.

The era of Russian real architectural art has begun.

Before the 10 century, although Gullas had a rich tradition of wooden architecture, it had no experience in building large stone buildings. After Ross was baptized, he introduced stone building technology from Byzantium and built a large-scale Christian sacrifice place-church in Gullas. It is said that hundreds of churches have been built in Kiev alone. This has created extremely favorable conditions for the future development of stone buildings in Gullas. Religion has become the driving force of ancient Russian architecture, and the development of architecture can not be separated from the evolution of religious status. Because most Russian arts, including architecture, are deeply influenced by religious culture, these arts have the nature of serving religion.

The second chapter is the influence of Orthodox culture on architectural art and the development of religious architecture churches.

Before the October Revolution brought great changes to Russia, Russian architectural art followed a stable development vein. In the same Orthodox cultural circle, it inherited and introduced the Orthodox architectural art of Byzantium and Western Europe, and continued to develop and improve on this basis. Although it is not as brilliant as the architectural art in western Europe in the period, its spirituality and artistry occupy a decisive position in the history of Russian architectural art. The October Revolution and subsequent buildings have undergone earth-shaking changes due to the change of religious culture, including artistic orientation and architectural characteristics, as well as the building materials used and buildings of different natures.

2. 1 the spread of orthodox church in Gullas and the prosperity of church buildings.

2. 1. 1 Establishment of Orthodox status in the Principality of Gullas and introduction of new architectural factors.

1 1 century, Russia in Kiev established feudal relations, and its productivity and production level were improved. In order to consolidate the political power, the feudal ruling class regarded the Orthodox Church as its service object and gave it strong support. Churches and monasteries appeared one after another. They are not only purely religious organizations, but also occupy a large area of land. They have a solid material foundation and completely control the development of Ross's construction industry. They introduced stone building technology from Byzantium and began to build large-scale Orthodox places of worship in Kiev, including worship buildings, churches and monasteries.

In 989, the foundation stone was laid for the Ascension Cathedral of Our Lady in Kiev, which was the representative of the first batch of stone buildings built by Greek architects. Dagong took one-tenth of his income as the cost of the church, so he named it eleven churches. There are balconies and open-air corridors inside the church, and the interior is decorated with murals, which is very imposing. St. Sofia Church in Kiev (1037- 1057) is an art monument of Ross in Kiev, and it is a peak of ancient Roman architectural art in the1/KLOC-0 century. It was designed and built by an architect from Constantinople. The method of architectural technology and the treatment of architectural details have the characteristics of Byzantine Orthodox Church, while retaining their own architectural characteristics. The building is magnificent. The walls inside the church are inlaid with murals and mosaics, reflecting the artistic level of architecture and painting at that time. Glekov, a famous Russian historian, wrote: "When you cross the threshold of Sofia, you will immediately be fascinated by its grandeur. When you carefully examine all the situations, think deeply and understand all the artistic conception of the creator of the largest building and painting, the grand scale of the internal space, strict symmetry, luxurious mosaics and murals, with their perfect skills, will definitely make you fall. "

Although Kiev was the largest city in ancient Russia, and its churches represented the architectural level of ancient Russia at that time, Kiev was not the only cultural and artistic center in this country, and Sofia Church was not limited to Kiev. Another important work of Russian architecture in Kiev: Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod (1045- 1050) was also born in this period. Novgorod is another cultural center of ancient Russia, and the city was not as greatly influenced by Byzantium as Kiev. Its cultural and artistic development depends more on its own traditions. Some features of Novgorod Architecture School in the future are reflected in this church, which is much more rigorous than Kiev. The church has five vaults arranged in symbolic order. The wall is made of local limestone, which is very solemn. There are no bright mosaics inside the church, only murals. It is not as energetic as Kiev school. Here, bright and fresh polytheistic decorative patterns and knotted patterns are integrated, reflecting the extensive and lasting influence of polytheism.

Sofia Cathedral was built in Kiev and other cities in the11-12nd century, with the purpose of confirming the status of Christianity as the state religion in Gullas and carrying out various Christian sacrificial activities in these churches. These churches represent the religious and artistic level of Gullas and the profound influence of religion on architecture.

2. 1.2 Orthodox Church and Church Architecture in Feudal Regime Period

/kloc-In the middle of the 20th century, Gullas entered a new period of social, economic and political development, that is, the feudal separatist period. With the help of feudal lords from all over the country, they began to fight for independence with Dagong. In this way, the unified church began to transform into a small church with real power in various places. They supported local governors and vigorously developed believers. In order to gain the support of the church, the princes established new places for religious activities for more and more believers. Spend a lot of money to build large buildings and cathedrals. These church buildings basically retain the architectural style and principles of 1 1 century, but their structures tend to be simplified. At the same time, it has a more beautiful appearance and a more practical structure.

I especially want to mention Vladimir Gonandre? Bogolyubski built a city in Vladimir and created a new art school -Vladimir Rosculturalization. And this kind of culture is fully displayed in the architectural art that he loves and painstakingly manages. His architectural planning began at 1 158, and the representative building is Vladimir's Cathedral of the Rest of Our Lady. They are novel and unique, and they are the classics of this school.

/kloc-In the second half of the 20th century, a tower church appeared in Gullas, which was a sign that the influence of Byzantine sacrificial architecture on Gullas architecture gradually weakened. Among them, the Archangel Miguel Cathedral in Smolensk is an early example of this kind of church.

The churches in the Principality of Gullas have inherited the architectural art of Byzantium and Kiev, but at the same time they have their own regional characteristics. An obvious phenomenon of religious architecture in this period is the formation of the architectural model of cylindrical tower church in Russian sacrificial architecture.

2. 1.3 church buildings in the period of Mongolian-Tatar rule

/kloc-In the second half of the third century, due to the invasion of Mongolian Tatars and the expansion of feudal lords around Ross, a large number of architectural masterpieces were destroyed, and the construction industry in Ross entered a state of decline and stagnation. However, in the unspoiled Novgorod and other places, the construction of religious buildings continues. As many churches were built with the investment of big noble and big businessmen, the buildings inherited the ancient Russian tradition and had some new expressions to meet the different requirements of the customizers. Nicholas Church in Kopner is the embodiment of this exploration. The facade of the church abandoned the original prism spacing method, but became a whole, and the wall skin changed from a simple lime wall skin to a limestone wall skin, and the number of half altars was reduced from three to one. The church is solid and strong. It embodies the style of Novgorod's architectural art, but it is not shameful for the Orthodox Church at this time to serve the Mongols and enslave the Russian people together with the local governors.

2. 1.4 Church Architecture in the Rise of Moscow Principality

From the second half of the14th century to the15th century, Russian national self-awareness rose and architectural culture was revived. With the Moscow Principality leading a decisive battle of Kulikovo, Ross turned defeat into victory. Moscow's dominant position in Jeollas is recognized everywhere. At this time, the Orthodox Church supported the Grand Duke of Moscow and strengthened their political power. Therefore, Dagong relied heavily on and supported the Orthodox Church, and also intervened in religious beliefs in ethnic minority areas, forcing them to abandon polytheism and believe in the Orthodox Church, and established many Orthodox churches in various places.

There are stone buildings in Moscow, and the stone cathedral in Moscow is greatly influenced by Vladimir's architecture. The walls of the building are mainly white stones, and the scale is not very large. It belongs to a single dome church with four pillars and a cross. Of course, Moscow also has its own innovations. Not gorgeous, pay more attention to practicality. Its characteristics are: removing the three-dimensional sense as much as possible, and establishing a new upward structure by stacking vaults.

2. 1.5 Church culture after the formation of Russian centralized state

From the end of 15 to the end of 16, Ross was completely liberated from the rule of Mongolian Tatars, and Russian tribes were formed. This is a turning point in Russian history and culture, and the real history of Russian national culture began to take shape in the16th century. Relying on the power of the Grand Duke of Moscow in past dynasties, the process of Russian land unification was carried out. At this time, the all-Russian culture that is being formed is subordinate to the task of serving the "Tsar cause". The Orthodox Church also actively cooperated with the external expansion of the Tsar, suspended the closed state of church construction for nearly two and a half centuries, and began to contact the architectural art of the Western Renaissance.

Master architects from Italy, together with Russian designers, developed the church architecture in this period to a new stage and created a new situation. The architecture of this period also reflects the improvement of Russia's international status. Moscow became the capital of Russia's unified country and naturally acted as a fortress of the Orthodox Church. Its architectural art and technical level reached a new level, reflecting the best architectural technical level in Russia during this period.

The construction of the new Kremlin in Moscow, which is dominated by church buildings, marks the establishment of a centralized Russian state with Moscow as its capital. The whole building complex was completed from the end of 15 to the beginning of 16. During this period, bricks and terracotta were used in the construction industry. The white stone walls of the Kremlin were replaced by brick walls. The new Cathedral of the Rest of Our Lady is based on Vladimir's Basilica of Rest. It is famous for its well-proportioned proportions and concise artistic means. It is a classic work of16th century cathedral. Since then, a series of churches have been completed: the family church of Dagong-Baoxing Cathedral, the Archangel Cathedral buried by Dagong and so on. The Kremlin has also built some secular buildings: the Grand Duke's Palace (the only one that has survived to this day), the architectural center of the palace-the upright Ivan the Great Bell Tower and so on. The whole building complex of Moscow Kremlin embodies the powerful and magnificent idea of unifying Russia.

Church buildings also stand in other cities. Magnificent cathedrals have sprung up in many places. At the same time, the school of small church architecture is also developing. At this time, a new method of building with bricks was invented, which made it possible to build a small church without columns. The secular composition of the church has also begun to become obvious.

The appearance of the pyramid church is the highest achievement of Russian architecture in the16th century, which embodies the traditional Russian national characteristics based on wooden architecture to the maximum extent. As early as the15th century, Russian architects had an architectural tendency: they wanted the top of the church to be upright and towering into the sky. The development of this tendency led to the birth of pyramid churches in Russian sacrificial architecture. This pyramid church style is completely different from the Byzantine dome church style, which marks the beginning of nationalization of Russian sacrificial architecture and is a great achievement of Russian architecture in16th century.

In Boris? During Godunov's administration, many pyramid-shaped tower churches were built all over Russia. The earliest pyramid-shaped church was built in the village of Klomensky in Moscow. It is called Ascension Cathedral. The church is 62 meters high and consists of two floors and a pointed conical roof. 1555- 156 1 The Boklov Cathedral built near the Kremlin is a monument of Russian medieval architecture. The church was originally made of wood, and later it was made of masonry. It is actually a building complex. Eight colorful towers surround the high conical spire of the Central Church, forming an organic whole. The dome with gold and green as the main colors is resplendent and magnificent, and the height of the central tower reaches 65 meters, symbolizing eternal happiness. The architectural styles of these pyramid churches are similar, which can be summarized into two forms: one is single-topped without columns, and the other is five-topped with four columns. Generally speaking, the architecture of16th century is a glorious period in the history of Russian architecture in terms of its scale, diversity and uniqueness.

/kloc-The beginning of the 0/7th century was a "chaotic era" in Russian history. The failure of the war, the implementation of the czar's special rule had a bad influence on Russia's social stability and economic development, and Poland, Lithuania and Sweden openly invaded Russia, which made Russia face the danger of losing its national independence and greatly affected the development of Russian culture and art. 16 12, the Russian people won the struggle against the enemy, and a year later, romanov was elected as the czar. These two events have played an important role in restoring Russian economy and promoting national political stability. After that, Russia gradually began to restore its own artistic and cultural development. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, a new value concept gradually replaced the old values in the middle ages, and culture and art began to emphasize the role of people. This concept has caused great changes in social thought, and the secular elements in culture and art have been strengthened and gradually developed into secularization. The code compiled by 1649 greatly restricted the legal privilege and land ownership of the church, and weakened the control of religious institutions on sacrificial buildings, church murals and icon paintings. In this way, the secularization of culture and art began to become a feature of Russian art and culture in the17th century.

In this chaotic period, the building technology is backward, and there is a lack of building talents and building materials, but the construction industry has not stopped, and there are many new buildings. The main characteristics of architecture in this period are the pursuit of the beauty of architectural appearance, the strengthening of architectural decoration, the abandonment of the rigor and coldness of religious sacrificial architecture, and the architectural forms of sacrificial and civil are converging. This secularized architectural composition is called "wonderful carving". This term shows a preference for a large number of decorative patterns until the introduction of eastern and western forms. The decorative nature of the building is reflected in: a large number of brightly colored ornaments are used to form bricks, and colored tiles are used inside and outside the building. This magnificent architectural style is called "Moscow Baroque" or "naresh Gold Style". This genre is characterized by clear structure, symmetry, multi-layers, exquisite details and decorative white stone carvings. Colorful patterns on the front, colorful tiles and buildings moving up obviously, and so on.

The secularization of church buildings once caused strong opposition from the church. Patriarch Nikon even banned the construction of pyramid churches and made the five-dome church of the Orthodox Church the norm. However, this attempt to stop it is futile, because the secularization process at this time is irreversible.

At the end of 17, Moscow's baroque style and its methods and forms had an impact on later buildings. Its appearance shows that Russian architectural art has been actively looking for its own national style, which is the transition of architectural art from the Middle Ages to18th century, so it has the exploration characteristics of transitional art..

2. 1.6 Russian imperial architectural art

18th century is an epoch-making century in Russian history and an important period in Russian cultural history. Since then, Russia has stepped out of the Middle Ages and prepared for the prosperity of the country in the19th century. This is an important era connecting the preceding with the following. Of course, the beginning of this period can not be separated from the reform of the great Peter the Great. Peter the Great named this country "Russian Empire". It embodies the thoughts of his rich country, Qiang Bing. He also reformed the religious church, weakened the power of the church and strengthened the power of state power. Therefore, the protagonist of architecture began to change during this period. Although the church is still under construction, a large number of palaces and urban buildings have sprung up on the land of the Russian Empire.

Under the guidance of Peter the Great's important national policy of learning from Western Europe, in the first half of the18th century, Russia made great efforts to learn the basic laws of European architectural art ... while inheriting the tradition, it made some changes to the previous architectural structure, architectural style, architectural language and architectural thinking. To adapt to the new classical architectural style in western Europe. Great changes have taken place in Russian architecture since then. Among them, the outstanding example is the newly built Petersburg on the muddy beach. The architectural features of Petersburg reflect Peter the Great's thought of strengthening the country, and most of the buildings are large-scale and verve, which also shows that architects have mastered superb architectural technology.

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, architects in Moscow created their own baroque architectural style. This is a style formed within the scope of Russian religious art, and the buildings in this period are all palaces and churches built in Baroque style. One of the most famous representatives is architect Rastrelli. He organically combines bold imagination with simple appearance, exquisite decoration and reasonable modeling. His church building closely connects the four side domes with the main dome, so that the five domes are connected into a whole, giving people a compact and solid feeling.

/kloc-in the second half of the 0/8th century, the baroque style began to decline and was replaced by the beginning of the era of classical architecture. Classical artistic thought requires artists to follow the norms and principles of creation based on rationality. When Russian artists study European classicism, reason and conscience are in harmony, so perceptual factors occupy a considerable position and have their own national characteristics. Classicism is characterized by clear logic of building structure and strict symmetry of building facade.

/kloc-Russian architecture in the 0/8th century comprehensively and accurately shows people's mental outlook and ideological pursuit in this era, and embodies bold and innovative architectural ideas in the Enlightenment era.

2. 1.7 transitional architectural features

19th century is a great turning point in Russian history. Capitalism began to develop rapidly and formed irreconcilable contradictions with the czar's autocratic system. Although the Orthodox Church tried its best to maintain the rule of the tsar and built a large number of churches to consolidate the church and feudal forces, a revolutionary storm was brewing and erupting. The reform of serfdom, the uprising in The Decemberists, the victory of the Great Patriotic War, etc. all accelerated the development of various fields of Russian society, made Russians re-examine society and people, promoted the unprecedented development and prosperity of culture, and became an important era of artistic development and coexistence of various schools. Classicism, romanticism and realism interact, penetrate and influence each other. This has been fully reflected in architecture. But at this time, the architectural tendency no longer only pays attention to the building itself, but begins to pay attention to the relationship between the building and its surrounding space, as well as other buildings, squares, streets and so on around it. The architectural style also mainly takes into account the rigorous architectural modeling, grand scale, reasonable structure and beautiful appearance. Architects pay more attention to building some practical and utilitarian buildings, which has changed the urban landscape with churches as the main body. Churches are no longer the biggest concern as in the Middle Ages, but urban architecture has become more diverse and colorful. Nevertheless, the outstanding works of the church are still the forefront of reflecting the changes in architectural style. For example, the famous church of the Resurrection of the Savior in Petersburg was the most popular representative of the imitation of Russian style at that time.

2.2 The fate of the Orthodox Church and the Soviet Church in the October Revolution

The October Revolution was the most important historical event in Russia in the 20th century, which opened a new chapter in the development of Russian history. After the victory of the October Revolution, the Soviet government formulated a series of laws and policies concerning the Orthodox Church. Among them, the Land Law declares that all land, including the land of churches and monasteries, is the property owned by the whole people, which weakens the economic strength of the Orthodox Church. The Declaration on the Rights of People of All Ethnic Groups in Russia abolished all privileges and restrictions of all ethnic groups and religions, ended the dominance of the Orthodox Church in religion, ended the status of the Orthodox Church as the state religion in Russia, and the power of the church was hit hard.

In turbulent revolutionary and war years, there are few opportunities for large-scale construction. At this time, rebuilding the building is the main task. The construction of a monument in memory of revolutionaries and social activists is in full swing. For example, the obelisk originally commemorating the tsar and the royal family was changed to commemorate internationally renowned activists. The construction of the church will not continue, it has been greatly damaged. Some churches were burned down, some were converted into buildings for other purposes, and churches were widely used for non-religious activities. In a word, everything serves the revolution and socialism.

2.3 Contemporary Russian Orthodox Church and Church Status

Gorbachev carried out new thinking, and the country gradually adopted a loose policy towards religion. 1993 the constitution of the Russian Federation stipulates that the Russian Federation is a secular country, and no religion can be designated as the state religion or a religion that must be adhered to. At the same time, it recognizes the great role of Orthodox Church in the formation and development of Russian spirit and culture in Russian history. Russia has restored a religious tradition that lasted for more than 1000 years. The government advocates reviving the Orthodox Church as a traditional Russian culture, and agrees to return all churches for use.

Church buildings destroyed in the Soviet era have also been restored. The walls of some churches are rebuilt with white marble, and the rebuilt Savior Cathedral is a prominent representative. The lobby of the church is more magnificent than in the past, and the five onion-shaped domes are glittering and dazzling, far exceeding the glory of the past. The whole church gives people a unique, tall, simple, lively and fresh aesthetic feeling. Many modern facilities have been added to the church, such as lighting, acoustics, air conditioning, etc., which have strong characteristics of the times. Contemporary Russian church art is moving towards modernization on the basis of inheriting the original Russian church art style.

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According to the research of historians and the recognized standards in the field of architectural history, the architectural style of Russian churches is called Slavic church art style to distinguish it from Byzantine church art style. It is the product of the combination of Byzantine church art, Roman church art and ancient Russian temple architecture art, including church art with different styles in three periods, that is, church art with ancient Russian, Russian and contemporary Russian characteristics. There are more than 400 recorded Orthodox churches built during the Gulos period, all of which are the crystallization of Gullas's artistic achievements. There are tens of thousands of churches with Russian characteristics, which are also carefully built by Russian artists and craftsmen.

The main task of contemporary Russian churches is restoration, and at the same time, combined with modern factors, such as the use of new materials and the configuration of lighting facilities, they are quite modern.

Churches that stand all over Russia seem to tell the story of modern people, a powerful and omnipotent religion in the past. While we look up to and admire their superb architectural art, we can't help but think of religious factors such as Orthodox Church, which have played a role in promoting and guiding the development of architecture in history. It is the development of religion that promotes the continuous innovation and transcendence of the artistic carrier and the church building needed by reality.

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