Classification of cultures in prehistoric Europe

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Classification

Paleolithic Art

Before the Late Paleolithic period in Europe, the production and improvement of utilitarian tools had shown many aesthetic elements that prepared the skills of modeling for the creation of works of art. The Late Paleolithic in Europe is divided into four cultural periods: the Aurena culture, the Périgord culture, the Thoreau culture, and the Magdelene culture. The Aurena culture is named after the Aurena caves in Haute-Garonne, France; the Périgord culture is named after Périgord, France, and the Lascaux caves are the most important representatives of this phase; the Thoreau culture is named after Thoreau in Sousse-et-Loire, France; and the Magdelene culture is named after the Magdelene caves in the Dordogne, France. They constitute the late phase of Paleolithic art, typified by the Altamira Cave in Spain.

The subject matter of Paleolithic art is dominated by animals, with a considerable proportion of figures, and only a few rare instances of plant imagery, as well as handprints and geometric patterns. The role of the art is generally seen as a form of hunting sorcery, utilizing drawings or carvings for the purpose of controlling the object of the hunt or multiplying animal resources.

Mesolithic art

arises after 10,000 BC. Mesolithic art can be divided into 3 regions. The first is the area of southern France and northern Spain where Paleolithic cave art flourished, known as the Achillean culture, which left few works. The second region is northern Europe, mainly rock art. That is, works painted or carved on open-air cliff boulders and movable art (works carved on movable stones or other materials). The third region is the Levant in eastern Spain, at this time the art is also known as Levantine art, mainly in the open-air rocks and caves remained in the frescoes, its mother theme and expression are not quite the same as before, not only embodies a complex psychological connotation, pay more attention to compositional treatment, but also in the picture of the aesthetic aspects of the pursuit of a clear.

Neolithic art

In the north of the Alps, there is a prevalence of buildings constructed of huge stones, whose murals are mostly geometrically decorated, and this art is known as megalithic culture. European megalithic culture arose in the Neolithic era, it does not use mortar bonding, but completely with the stone base, this stone building is largely divided into stone circle, stone columns, megalithic tombs and temples of four types. Its mural style and the Neolithic rock painting, completely separated from the Paleolithic realistic tradition, the formation of a gradually programmed, simplified, the dominant trend of symbolization.