How to draw the landscape analysis map of residential areas

Hello: This is up to you. You should consider the overall layout of the community! Can I read some books? Investigation and analysis stage

1) Master natural conditions, environmental conditions and historical evolution.

1. The historical evolution of Party A's requirements and tasks involved.

2. The relationship between urban green space and park master plan, and the requirements for park design. Urban green space planning map with the scale of1:5000 (1:10000).

3. Environmental relations, environmental characteristics and future development around the park. For example, whether there are places of interest and cultural resources around.

4. Urban landscape around the park. Relationship between architectural form, volume, color and surrounding municipal traffic. Direction of people flow and types of residents around.

5. Energy status of the lot. Power supply, water source, sewage and drainage, whether there are pollution sources around, such as toxic industrial and mining enterprises, infectious disease hospitals, etc.

Hydrological, geological, topographic and meteorological information of the planned land. Understand the groundwater level, annual precipitation and monthly precipitation. Distribution time of annual maximum and minimum temperature, annual maximum and minimum humidity and their distribution time, monsoon wind direction, maximum wind force, wind speed and frozen line depth, etc. The planning location of important or large-scale garden buildings especially needs geological survey data.

7. Factory conditions. Understand and master the species, ecology and community composition of native plants in the area, as well as the age and ornamental characteristics of trees.

8. Sources and construction conditions of main materials needed for gardens, such as seedlings, rocks and building materials.

9. Garden design standards and investment quota required by Party A. ..

(II) Drawings and materials (provided by Party A)

1, topographic map. According to the region, the senior colonel provides the general plan topographic map within the range of 1: 2000, 1: 1000 and 1: 500. The drawings shall specify the contents: design scope (red line scope, coordinate number); Terrain, elevation and existing objects (existing buildings, structures, mountains, streams, plants, roads, wells, as well as the location of water system import and export, power supply location, etc.). ) within the website. The requirements for the protection, utilization, transformation and removal of transferred species should be explained separately. The name, width, number of elevation points, road direction and direction, and drainage of the main roads connected with the surrounding environment and municipal traffic; Names, scope and future development of surrounding organs, units and residential areas.

2. local amplification. 1: 200 drawings mainly provide local detailed design. The drawings shall conform to the design of the building unit and the detailed layout of the surrounding mountains, streams, vegetation, garden sketches and garden roads.

3, keep the use of the main building plan, elevation. (Indoor and outdoor elevations are indicated on the floor plan; The interior painting should indicate the size, color and other contents of the building)

4. Current tree distribution map (1: 200, 1: 500). Mainly indicate the location of the trees to be preserved, and indicate the variety, DBH, growth status and ornamental value. Trees with good ornamental value should be equipped with color photos.

5. Underground pipeline drawings (1: 500, 1: 200) generally require the same scale as the construction drawings. The position and well location of water supply, sewage, septic tank, telecommunications, electricity, heating ditch, gas, heat and other pipelines should be marked in the drawing. In addition to the plan, there should also be a profile, and the pipe diameter, pipe bottom or top elevation, pressure, slope, etc. should be indicated.

(3) On-site inspection

On the one hand, check and supplement the collected drawings; On the other hand, designers can enter the artistic conception stage according to the surrounding environmental conditions after arriving at the scene.

At the same time of on-site inspection, take some photos of the current environmental situation for the reference of the overall design.

(4) Preparation of the overall design task document

Through analysis and research, the overall design principles and objectives are determined, and the park design requirements and descriptions are compiled. Mainly includes the following contents:

1, the relationship between parks and urban green space system

2. The characteristics of the park location and surrounding environment.

3. The area of the park and the capacity of tourists.

4. The artistic features and style requirements of the overall design of the park.

5. The topographic design of the park, including the requirements of mountain water system.

6. Implementation procedures for phased construction of the park

7. Investment framework for the construction of the park.

Third, the overall scheme design stage

(a) the main design drawings

1, location map

It's a schematic diagram, indicating the location of the park in the urban area, which requires simplicity and clarity.

2. Status map

According to all the information that has been mastered, after analysis, sorting and induction, it is divided into several spaces to make a comprehensive review of the present situation. Generally, it can be represented by rings or abstract figures. For example, through the analysis of surrounding roads, according to the situation of roads in the city, determine the approximate location and scope of entrances and exits. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of park design can be analyzed on the existing soil, thus providing reference for functional zoning.

3, zoning map

According to the principle of overall design, the analysis of the current situation map, according to the activity planning of tourists of different ages and the needs of tourists with different interests, different zones are determined and different spaces are delineated, so that different spaces and regions can meet different functional requirements and make the functions and forms as unified as possible. In addition, the partition map can reflect the relationship between different spaces and partitions. This book is descriptive in nature and can be represented by abstract figures or circles.

4. Overall design scheme

According to the principles and objectives of the overall design, the overall design scheme should include the following aspects: first, the relationship between the park and the surrounding environment: the relationship between the main, secondary and special exits of the park and the municipal government, that is, the name and width of the street facing it; Names of surrounding major units or residential areas, etc. It should be clearly marked whether the boundary of the park and surrounding gardens is a fence or an empty railing. Secondly, the location, area and planning form of the main, secondary and special entrances and exits of the park, and the layout of the inner and outer squares, parking lots and gates of the main entrances and exits. Third, the overall terrain planning and road system planning of the park. Fourthly, the layout of buildings and structures in the whole park should reflect the overall design intent. Fifth, the plant design of the whole park. The map reflects plant landscapes such as sparse forests, bushes, lawns, flower beds and characteristic gardens. In addition, the overall design should accurately indicate the compass, scale, legend and other content.

The overall design scheme covers an area of more than 100hm2, and the scale is mostly1:2000 ~1:5000; The area is about 10~50hm2 and the scale is1:1000; If the area is below 8hm2, the scale can be 1: 500.

5. Terrain design

Terrain is the skeleton of the whole park, and it is required to reflect the topographic structure of the park. As far as natural landscape gardens are concerned, it is required to express the internal organic connection between mountains and water systems. Organize the space according to the needs of the partition; According to the needs of landscaping, determine the shapes of mountains, commanding heights, peaks, mountains, ridges, hills, gentle slopes, micro-topography, docks, hills and headlands. At the same time, the topographic map should also show the shapes of lakes, ponds, ponds, harbors, bays, streams, beaches, ditches, islands and other water bodies, and should indicate the highest water level, normal water level and lowest water level line of lakes. In addition, there are land shapes such as docks, hills and headlands on the map. At the same time, the topographic map should also show the shapes of lakes, ponds, ponds, harbors, bays, streams, beaches, ditches, islands and other water bodies, and should indicate the highest water level, normal water level and lowest water level line of lakes. In addition, the position of water inlet and outlet (general drainage direction, rainwater collection and dispersed water source) is indicated on the drawing. It is also necessary to determine the main garden buildings.

Floor elevation, bridge deck elevation, square elevation and road slope change point elevation of the building location. It is also necessary to indicate the ground elevation of the park and the municipal facilities, roads, sidewalks and adjacent units of the park to determine the drainage relationship between the park and the surrounding environment.

6. Overall road design drawings

Firstly, determine the main entrance, secondary entrance and special entrance of the park on the soil. There is also the location of the main square and the location of the main loop, as well as the fire passage. At the same time, determine the location of main roads and secondary roads. , as well as the width and drainage longitudinal slope of various roads. The paving materials and forms of main roads are preliminarily determined. Draw contour lines with dashed lines on the drawings, express roads and squares of different grades with different thick lines and thin lines, and indicate the control elevation of main roads.

7. Planting design

According to the overall design layout, design principles and the situation of seedlings, the overall concept of the whole park is determined. The overall planting design mainly includes the arrangement of different planting types such as dense forest, lawn, sparse forest, tree group, shrub, solitary tree, flower bed, flower border, garden tree, garden tree, lakeshore tree and garden planting sketch. There are also special gardens mainly for plant landscaping, such as rose garden, peony garden, fragrant garden, foliage garden, bonsai garden, ornamental or production greenhouse, climbing plant ornamental garden, waterscape garden, etc. Gardens and small nurseries in parks. At the same time, determine the key tree species and key landscaping tree species in the whole park, including evergreen and deciduous trees, shrubs and grass flowers.

In planting design, the crown width of trees is the crown width of middle maturity year, generally 5~6m crown width is the drawing standard, and shrubs and flowers are represented by corresponding scales.

8. Overall design drawing of pipeline

According to the requirements of the master plan, the water diversion mode and total water consumption of the whole park (fire protection, living, landscaping, sprinkler irrigation, sanitation, etc.). ) and the general layout, pipe diameter and water pressure of the pipe network. And the amount of rainwater and sewage, the way of discharge, the general distribution of pipe network, the size of pipe diameter and the direction of water. Large-scale projects, with a large amount of work, need heating in winter in the north, so heating mode, load and boiler room location should be considered.

9, electrical planning diagram

To solve the problems of total electricity consumption, power utilization coefficient, power supply facilities in each district, power distribution mode, cable laying, lighting mode in each district and broadcasting and communication location.

10, landscape architecture layout

It is required that the overall design of Yolanda reflect the architectural layout of the whole country, the plane shapes of various garden buildings such as ticket offices, management offices and landscaping at major, secondary and special entrances and exits, and the plane positions of large-scale main buildings, exhibitions, entertainment, services and other buildings and their surrounding relations; There are also sightseeing garden buildings, such as pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, bridges and towers. In addition to the floor plan, the floor plan and elevation of the main building should also be drawn.

(2) Aerial view

In order to express the intention of park design more intuitively, and express the landscape images of various scenic spots, scenery and scenic spots in park design more intuitively, designers have achieved good results through pen drawing, pencil drawing, pen pastel, watercolor painting, gouache painting, traditional Chinese painting or other painting forms. Key points of making aerial view:

1. Whether nodding history, two-point perspective, multi-point perspective and axonometric drawing are used, it is required to have a bird's eye view of the scale and scale of slaughter and reflect the image of the scene as accurately as possible.

2. The bird's eye view not only shows the park itself, but also draws the surrounding environment, such as road traffic and other municipal relations around the industrial park; Urban landscape around the industrial park; Mountains, water systems, etc. Around the industrial park.

3. The bird's-eye view should pay attention to the perspective principle of "near the big and far from the small, near Qingyuan fuzzy, near realism and far freehand brushwork" in order to achieve a sense of space, hierarchy and realism in the bird's-eye view.

4. Generally speaking, except for large-scale park buildings, the trees in urban parks are too small compared with trees, and the height of trees is about 15~20 years old as the basis for drawing.

(3) Overall design specification

In addition to the drawings, the overall plan also needs a written explanation of indignation, which comprehensively introduces the designer's ideas and design points, including the following aspects:

1, location, present situation and area

2, engineering nature, design principles

3. Functional zoning

4. The main contents of the design (mountain topography, spatial enclosure, lake and marsh water network and drip, entrance and exit, road system, architectural layout, planting planning, garden sketch, etc.). ).

5. Description of pipeline and telecommunication planning.

6. Management organization.

(4) Calculation of the general framework of the project

In the planning stage, it can be calculated according to the area (hm2, m2), design content and engineering complexity, combined with conventional experience. Or according to the project, engineering quantity, item by item estimation and summary.

Fourth, the local detailed design stage.

Main contents of local detailed design work:

plan

First of all, according to the different divisions of the park or project, it is divided into several parts, and each part is designed in detail according to the requirements of the overall design. The general scale is 1: 500, and lines with different grades and thicknesses are used to draw contours, gardens, squares, buildings, pools, lakes, revetments, forests, grasslands, bushes, flower beds, flowers, rocks and sculptures 0.5m away from the climbing line.

The detailed design scheme requires that the relationship between the building plane, facade and the surrounding environment be marked. The width, shape and elevation of the road; Form and elevation of main squares and floors; Flower beds and pools are small in area and high in elevation; Form, width and height of bank setting. At the same time, it shows the shapes of sculptures and garden sketches on the plane.

(2) cross-sectional view

In order to better express the design intention, cross-sectional drawings are made at the most important parts of local artistic layout or local topographic changes, and the general scale is 1: 200 ~ 1: 500.

(3) local planting design drawings

After the overall plan is determined, the detailed design of local scenic spots and scenic spots will be carried out, and the planting design of 1: 500 will also be carried out. General 1: 500 scale map paper can accurately reflect the planting point, planting quantity and tree species of arbor land. Tree species mainly include dense forests, sparse forests, trees, shrubs, garden trees and lakeshore trees. Other planting types, such as flower beds, flower borders, aquatic plants, shrubs, lawns, etc. , you can choose the scale of 1: 300 or 1: 200.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) construction design stage

In the construction design stage, according to the approved preliminary design documents and requirements, a more in-depth and specific design is carried out, and the construction organization plan and construction procedures are formulated. Its contents include: construction design drawings, budget preparation and construction design instructions.

(1) construction design drawings

In the architectural design stage, it is necessary to carry out the general layout, vertical design, garden architectural design, road square design, planting design, water system design, various pipeline design, and detailed design of sketches such as rockeries, sculptures, railings and signs. In addition, statistics of seedlings, statistics of engineering quantity, project budget, etc. It's made.

1, construction site plan

Display the plane relationship of various design factors and their accurate positions; The location of lofting coordinate network, base point and baseline. Its function is to serve as the basis for construction, and the other is to serve as the basis for drawing plane construction drawings.

The contents of the general construction plan include: existing underground pipelines (shown by red lines), buildings, structures, trees in the main site, etc. (indicated by thin lines). The designed topographic contour lines (represented by thin ink dashed lines) and elevation figures.

Numbers, rocks and water bodies (represented by thick ink lines and thin lines), the positions of garden buildings and structures (represented by black lines), road squares, garden lights, garden chairs and peels (represented by medium thick black lines) are set out in the coordinate network. Engineering requirements, perspective lines, etc.

2, vertical design (elevation)

Used to express the height difference relationship between various design factors. For example, the specific elevation of peaks, hills, basins, gentle slopes, flat land, river and lake revetment, pond bottom, drainage direction of scenic spots, rainwater collection, specific elevation of buildings and squares, etc. In order to meet the drainage slope, the general greening slope shall not be less than 5%, the gentle slope shall be 8%~ 12%, and the steep slope shall be above 12%. The attached drawings are as follows:

(1) vertical design plan

According to the vertical design of the preliminary design, the contour line and slope (represented by red thin solid line) are expressed on the basis of the general plan; Design contour lines, slopes (indicated by solid black lines) and elevations (indicated by black numbers) are indicated by △△△ /△, (△△) at the same place, and the status quo or design is distinguished by red and black lines; It involves coastline, river bottom line and elevation, drainage direction (indicated by black arrow), the location and elevation of landscape architecture and rest square of various scenic spots; Excavation and fill range, etc. (Indicate the quantity of filling and excavation).

(2) Vertical section

The main parts are mountains, hills and valleys, slope contour lines (represented by thick black solid lines), height and plane distance (represented by thin black solid lines) and so on. The starting point, ending point and cutting position numbers of the section must be consistent with the symbols on the vertical design drawing.

3. Design of Road Square

The road square design mainly indicates the specific location, width, elevation, vertical and horizontal slope, drainage direction of various roads and squares in the park, as well as the design elements of horizontal and vertical curves of roads, as well as the pavement structure, practices, kerbs layout, as well as the handover of road squares, intersection organization, road connections of different grades, paving details, lane turning back, parking lot, etc. The drawings include the following contents:

(1) plan

According to the road system diagram, on the basis of the general construction plan, the positions of various road squares and stepped mountain roads are drawn with lines with different thicknesses. At the corner, the radius of horizontal curve, elevation of each section, longitudinal slope (indicated by thin black arrow) and so on are marked on the main roads. The longitudinal gradient of concrete pavement is between 0.3% and 0.5%, and the transverse gradient is between 1.5%-2.5%. The longitudinal slopes of Yuanshi Road and Quanshi Road are between 0.5% and 9%, and the transverse slopes are between 3% and 4%. The longitudinal slope of natural dirt roads is between 0.5% and 8%, and the transverse slope is between 3% and 4%.

(2) Section view

The scale of the profile is generally 1: 20. Before drawing the profile, draw a section of pavement (or square) plane details, indicating the pavement size and material laying method. Make a cross section under it, indicating the width of the road surface and the structure of specific materials (waiting degree and method of surface layer, cushion layer and base layer). The number of each part corresponds to the number on the English plane.

In addition, we should make a schematic diagram of intersection handover, draw a coordinate network with thin black solid lines, draw roadside lines with thick black solid lines, and draw pavement materials and structural patterns with medium thick solid lines.

4, planting design (plant configuration diagram)

Planting design mainly shows the planting position, species, planting mode and planting spacing of trees and flowers. The attached drawings are as follows:

(1) Planting design scheme

According to the tree planting design, on the basis of the general building plan, how to match the specific location, type, quantity, planting method and plant spacing of evergreen broad-leaved trees, deciduous broad-leaved trees, deciduous conifers, deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs, plastic hedgerows, natural hedgerows, flowers and grasslands, etc. Design legend. The representation of crown in the same picture should not change too much, and the diagram of flower hedge should be simple and unified, which can highlight coniferous trees and distinguish existing trees from newly planted trees. In multi-layer greening, the wooden crown of the bridge is painted with thin lines, and the flowers, trees and flower beds under the crown are painted with thick lines. The size of the crown should be based on the adult tree. For example, big trees are 5-6m, solitary trees are 7-8m, small trees are 3-5m, flowering shrubs 1-2m, and hedges are 0.5-1-2m wide. The name and quantity of tree species can be marked on the crown. If the drawing scale is small and it is difficult to note words, it can be numbered. The number of tree species should be indicated on the map. Rows of trees should indicate the distance between every two trees.

(2) Details

For key trees, bushes, forest edges, green platforms, flower beds, flowers and special gardens, planting details can be attached. 1: 100 ratio. It is necessary to accurately draw the position of various trees planted in groups and clusters, indicate the number of species, draw a coordinate network with thin solid lines, and indicate the spacing between trees. And make the elevation for construction reference.

5. Waterscape design

Waterscape design drawings indicate the plane position, shape, depth and engineering practice of water bodies. It includes the following contents:

(1) plane location map

According to the vertical design and construction general plan, draw the plane position of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and other water bodies and their appendages. Draw a coordinate network with thin lines, draw the positions of bank protection lines, paddy fields, rocks, pavilions and small bridges of various waterscapes according to the shape of the water body, and mark the design elevation of the shore and the bottom of the pool in sections. Finally, draw the curve of the shore into an approximate broken line with thick lines as the construction line of the lake shore, deepen the rocks with thick solid lines and so on.

(2) From the sectional view.

Where the plane and elevation of the water body change, a profile should be drawn. Through these drawings, the relationship between barges, bottom, rocks, pavilions and the coast is shown.

Some waterscape projects, as well as details of water intake, water intake and drainage; Engineering practice drawings of pond bottom, pond safety and pump house; Plan of circulating pipeline in the pool. On the basis of the plane position of the pool, the direction and position of the circulating pipeline are drawn with thick lines, and the pipe diameter, the length of each section, the submersible pump model and the military commander's instructions are indicated to determine the selected pipes and protective measures.

6. Landscape architecture design

Landscape architecture design explains the location of landscape architecture in various scenic spots, the combination of the building itself, the selected building materials, size, shape, height, color and practice. For single building, it is necessary to draw construction drawings (building plan, building plan, roof plan, elevation views in all directions, section views, details of building nodes, building descriptions, etc.). ), building structure construction drawing (foundation plan, floor structure plan, foundation detail drawing, component drawing, etc. ), equipment construction drawings, as well as activities and facilities engineering and courtyard decoration design.

7. Pipeline design

On the basis of pipeline design, the position, specifications and buried depth of various pipe networks such as water supply (domestic, fire protection, greening and municipal water), sewage (rainwater and sewage), heating, gas, electricity and telecommunications are explained.

The contents of the pipeline design drawings include:

(1) plan

The plan is based on the vertical design and planting design of buildings and roads, indicating the specific positions and coordinates of pipelines and various tube wells, and indicating the length, landscape, elevation and how to connect each section of pipelines. The original main pipeline is represented by red solid line or thin black solid line, and the newly designed pipeline and inspection well are represented by thick black solid line with different symbols.

(2) Section view

Draw an inspection well, and use a solid black line to indicate the connection between the pipeline in the well and the cutoff door.

8, rockery, sculpture and other sketch design.

Sketch design must first make architectural models such as rocks, so that the construction can grasp the design intention. Refer to the general construction plan and vertical design, draw the plan, elevation and section of the rock, and indicate the height and requirements.

9, electrical design drawings

On the basis of preliminary electrical design, indicate the location of garden electrical equipment, lamps, etc. And the direction of the cable.