What are the three stages of Chinese character input method in China?

Chinese (Hanzi) input methods, from the 1980s to today, have had a history of nearly 30 years, of which five strokes and pinyin in particular have developed rapidly, especially in the 21st century, pinyin input methods with a certain degree of intelligence, which combines pinyin's easy-to-learn and vocabulary, and is designed with careful consideration of the user's use, have been popularized by a large number of users, and made an important contribution to the popularization of the Internet era. The following article (published in 2001) describes the history of input methods in more detail. Input Methods: A Hurdle the Chinese Can't Get Over? Once upon a time, Chinese people talk about computers, can not be separated from the word "Chinese", counting fingers, and now also in China's IT sector of the powerful figures, how many are not relying on the "Chinese" to start: Lenovo, Giant relies on the Hanka, SITO relies on Chinese typewriter Founder relies on the Chinese printing and typesetting, Chinese Star, Sina relies on the Chinese platform, and so on, and so on! And the Chinese field, the most basic is the input and output of Chinese characters, who can solve it well, who will be in the battle of the sea of business to the forefront, laying the groundwork for victory. Things seem to be so simple, solve the input-output problem can earn a lot of money? I am afraid that such a naive conclusion was thought 10 years ago. Although Wang Xuan, the so-called "contemporary Bisheng", made our printing say goodbye to lead and fire, and made the output of Chinese characters have a qualitative leap, but it could not make the input of Chinese characters half easy. As Chinese people's money flows into the pockets of Microsoft and Intel, the Chinese character input has not been able to make a little bit of oil and water. In addition to the five-stroke font to collect some license fees, the natural code to collect some registration fees to feed four or five people, intelligent fanatical spelling hype, to get some new visibility, who can also say that I earned how much how much money? Chinese input method, the Chinese computer users have been tortured for many years by all the "half-older woman", has been unable to attract the attention of the public, it seems that we have to smear some fat and some powder, disguise some or anonymity, or married to someone else! Originally is a famous family of the big girl, but fell into a miserable degree of the results of the rest of the year, the year of the ten thousand horse gallop, the gate is like a city, a time of ten thousand horses, the door can be sparrow. Even so, there are good people in the dark force: I do not believe this evil, with my posture and origin, but also can not raise a daughter of the country's beauty? There are also not worried about food and clothing Lord, thought idle is also idle, I get a dog and cat, right as a daughter to raise, happy to bring out to walk, do you what? I also have nothing to do today, see what in the end, half-aged women and national beauty, it is worthwhile for us to explore their recent developments and their origins. First, the keyboard input In about 10 years ago, a friend of a Han card has been provided on the Hanyu Pinyin string continuous input can come out of the input method of Chinese characters, but the buddy did not sell a few pieces, can not be found, which may be the earliest to see the actual use of the "statement" input method. Later, around 1993, version 1.3 of Chinese Star provided the New Pinyin input method, which is still considered to be one of the most convenient input methods. The ability to display individual words instantly, that is, while typing Pinyin, displaying Chinese characters at the same time, the ability to see keyboarding errors immediately, the ability to memorize words that are not there after selecting them once, and the clever design of some keys, such as space confirmation, comma and full stop selecting codes, and fuzzy sound tolerance have become the must-have features of all today's Pinyin input methods. At this time, there are also intelligent ABC products, in early 1993, Peking University Press, the editor said to the author, out of a very good input method, similar to the new Pinyin function, but also be able to quickly input some symbols, after typing v do not have to switch to enter English, but also by strokes to enter do not know the Chinese characters, this is the early intelligent ABC, and later with Microsoft cooperation is good, almost all the Chinese version of Windows OEM it. Windows Chinese version of the OEM it, but this software may be at that time on the basic molding, almost 10 years, there are not many new features and changes. In fact, no matter it is Smart ABC or New Pinyin, technically they may be originated from PJS, a project led by Zhang Pu, Li Huiqin and others at the end of 1980s, and there may be a cooperation relationship among them. By 1994, there was an event that played an important role in the development of input methods in China. In October 18, a small white building next to the Beijing Language Institute in the Lunguang Weir and Bondel two companies to set up Autoway (since the pass) Chinese platform project team, the company was ready to develop DOS and WINDOWS environment of the Chinese platform and word processing software, a big appetite, but also to focus on some of the stronger development force, due to funding issues, and later in 1995 to adjust the goal! In the second half of the year, the company launched the Autoway Input Method, a system that is plugged into the Windows environment and is capable of continuous serial input of Chinese characters. The software was inscribed by Zhou Youguang, a famous person in the language industry, and was later publicized by radio stations and newspapers, which was a real sight to behold. The biggest feature of this input method is that users just input pinyin continuously, and the system will automatically display the previous Chinese characters every few pinyin, and after a certain length, the Chinese characters will be entered into the editor of the application software either automatically or by the user pressing the Enter key, without the need of manual word separation, but due to the low correctness rate as well as the operation interface and the ease of use, it has not been popularized on a large scale. In 1996, there was a "black horse" of input method, and it happened that the manufacturer was called Beijing Dark Horse Company. Its "Dark Horse Input Method" can only be used under DOS, and now I still have the original version that I bought at that time, which is a few floppy disks. If you use it under Windows, the input method provides a DOS interface, where the user inputs a sentence in pinyin, presses the Enter key, and turns it into Chinese characters, which are stored in a text file and then copied to the other application software. The user types in a sentence, presses enter, converts it to Chinese characters, stores it in a text file, and copies it to another application. Nowadays, this software seems to be very bad, but with the vendor's experience, information and accumulated capital in Chinese proofreading, it has been developed step by step, and in 2001, it is still being improved and upgraded. Whether it is "Zitong" or "Dark Horse", both claim to have pioneered the input of Chinese characters in whole sentences (also known as statement input), but in fact, in addition to the Hanka mentioned by the author earlier, the earliest of which can be traced back to the late 1980s at the Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT). . At that time, Wang Xiaolong, a doctoral student of the university, conducted research on Chinese character segmentation and applied for the 863 project, and wrote a paper on "Minimum segmentation problem and its solution". Later, Wang Xiaolong developed the InSun input method, which is a kind of input system based on the whole sentence. In the early 1990s, he only did some demonstrations and exhibitions and heard that he occasionally sold his InSun input method to some Japanese companies for use in some specialized typewriters, but he did not see any movement for many years after that. In the mid-1990s, sold to Microsoft for 100,000 dollars, of course, this price is full of good. So, from the Chinese version of Windows 95, there is the "Microsoft Pinyin Input Method", although many mouths, but Microsoft took a similar approach, but also got the smart ABC, "free" to send to Chinese users. But this "free" is a formality, in essence, its price has been calculated in the Windows operating system, and ultimately counted in the user's head. The result is that input method developers and manufacturers suffer. Even the pinyin input method provided by Microsoft, it is not necessarily good to use, once someone sneered that the input method is like a cold wiped snot, according to reason, there is a little snot, it should be quickly wiped off, do not wait for it to fall into the mouth of the old long only to care, but the Microsoft Pinyin is not, so you knocked a long time, and then back to the head to modify the degree of intelligence is not high, the wrong inexplicable, if it is the manuscript to knock, but also to find the wrong! If you are trying to type, you will forget what words you should choose. The inability to synchronize the display of Chinese characters with pinyin (Microsoft Pinyin lags by one character, Zitong lags by a few characters, and Dark Horse Pinyin requires final confirmation before Chinese characters appear), as well as the high error conversion and the inconvenience of modifying pinyin to select Chinese characters were the dead ends of the early utterance input methods, which greatly limited their use. However, they did not support GBK Chinese characters and had no new function upgrade for a long time, which, together with the immaturity of statement input methods, made Chinese input methods almost enter into an unprecedented low point. This silence was broken in 1998, and the credit goes to the emergence of ****Help software. As the Internet began to spread, the power of the network became stronger and stronger, and new personal power began to emerge. New input methods appeared such as Pinyin Star, Universal Code (Universal Five Strokes) and Smart Five Strokes. Pinyin Star, invented by Tan Yajun, is a system for inputting single words, phrases, phrases and statements, including Full Pinyin, Shuang Pinyin and Tan Code. The author probably recognized the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional word input methods and statement input methods, and therefore designed a completely "real-time display" method, so that no matter how many pinyin characters are input, when you press down on each letter of the alphabet, the Chinese character is displayed at the same time. No matter how many pinyin characters are inputted, each letter will be displayed at the same time, and if there is any error in pinyin, the user will find it immediately, and because of the support of automatic word division and sentence input, the user doesn't need to worry about inputting a word or a sentence, the system is able to deal with it, and if there is no such word, the system is also able to learn it automatically and store it on the disk, which seems to be the convenience of the word input method and the intelligence of the sentence input method, and it's worth mentioning that the use of ShuangPin plus radical or stroke Tan code can also be used. It is also worth mentioning that the use of ShuangPin plus radicals or strokes of Tan code can also realize the input of words or whole sentences, which can further accelerate the speed of typing, which I am afraid is not available in other input methods. The input method can be installed with only one floppy disk, the program is small and stable, with few running errors, and the degree of intelligentization of the whole sentence reaches the practical level, therefore, the software was put on the Internet in 1997-1998, and was strongly reflected, and some functions were imitated for the future input methods, such as "real-time display", inputting various symbols like pinyin, intelligent recognition of numerical punctuation, and the ability to input the whole sentence with the same level of intelligence. Some of its features were also copied by later input methods, such as "real-time display", inputting various symbols as in Pinyin, intelligent recognition of numeric punctuation and symbols, quick selection of various ShuangPin codes, etc. Moreover, it was one of the very few input methods that could be used in Win NT except in Win9x environment at that time, so PinyinStar had a large user base. The website of Pinyin Star also recommended downloading it for a long time, and Kingsoft's WPS2000 was bundled with the whole line for sale. At the end of 1999, "Flying Bird" commented that "Pinyin Star 2000 is significantly better than Microsoft Pinyin Input Method (version 2.0) in terms of functionality, and is definitely a shining star." There is no lack of praise here, but it definitely shows that using Pinyin to combine the convenience of word input with the intelligence of whole sentence input is one of the directions of input methods. Pinyin Star uses plug-in technology, similar to Chinese Star or Richwin and other Chinese platforms, so it can be used under both Chinese and Western Windows, which is a good idea, but it brings some problems. In the Chinese Windows environment, since it is not the standard input method IME format of Windows itself, if it is installed incorrectly, it may be garbled. In the Chinese Windows environment, since it is not the standard input method IME format of Windows itself, if it is not installed correctly, there may be garbled codes, and this problem has also brought negative effects to Pinyin Star and other plug-in input methods, and this problem has been solved only in the latest Pinyin Star 2002build1.3. Also, because previous versions of Pinyin Star did not provide the operation mode of displaying pinyin and Chinese characters in two lines at the same time, when there is a mistake in pinyin input and you need to modify it, although you can change the Chinese character back to pinyin by clicking on the brackets [ or ] and at the same time, you can move the cursor (no need to use the left and right arrow keys), and the range of the movement of your finger is relatively small, which is a good design, but it is different from the traditional operation mode, therefore, the users are not aware of it, and it makes people feel that the modification of the input is not possible. However, it is different from the traditional way of operation, so users do not know about it and feel that it is still not convenient to change pinyin. Therefore, after the Millennium Edition 2.0, Pinyin Star has gone back to the old days in terms of the interface, providing two lines, one at the top and one at the bottom, displaying all the typed Pinyin letters, and the automatically converted strings of Chinese characters, just like the new Pinyin version of the Chinese Star. (Note: this is old-fashioned, the current PinyinStar has been completely designed according to IME, the same mechanism as Microsoft Pinyin and Google Pinyin). Designing an input method with plug-in technology certainly has unique benefits, such as overcoming the defects of standard IME (such as Smart ABC, etc.) that eats punctuation, doesn't work in Western Windows, and can't do cursor-following in Western applications. Another development direction of input method is the diversification of functions. The representative of this is "Universal Code", which is now called "Universal Five Strokes". Universal Code is a kind of word input method that combines Pinyin, Wubi, English, and strokes, and it can be used without switching. For example, if you input the word "apple", you can type its Pinyin "pingguo", or use Wubi to input it, or use English apple. For example, you can type the word "apple" in pinyin "pingguo", or in five-stroke code, or in English "apple", so it's easy for users who are already accustomed to traditional input methods to use the universal code.

Editing the five-stroke input method

In the early versions, Universal Code was designed with Pinyin as the main design method, so it was similar to New Pinyin in that it could create words in real time, but Pinyin's function was not powerful, and it was far inferior to that of Pinyin Star and New Pinyin, so some people suggested that Deng Shijiang, the author of Universal Code, should focus on five-stroke input method, and promote Universal Five-stroke. Therefore, it was suggested that Deng Shiqiang, the author of Universal Code, should focus on the five strokes and promote "Universal Five Strokes", while taking into account the multiple input methods, and this system has been developed well, and was once awarded the title of "Top Ten ****Helpful Software". The biggest drawback of this input method is that it has too many menu choices and the menu interface design is messy, so users are at a loss as to what to do; the messy codes under Chinese Windows and the defects of not having many Pinyin single words and phrases are also the factors limiting the further promotion of this input method. Intelligent Five Strokes is another example that fully absorbs the essence of Five Strokes and carries it forward. King Code probably never dreamed that so many people were coming up with ideas for them. Intelligent five strokes in the five strokes above, do a lot of articles, including five strokes of the code prompts, prompts the thesaurus whether there is a word, previously entered a number of Chinese characters can be used in a string of five strokes simple code fast input, the thesaurus is larger (because of five strokes encoding, the thesaurus is larger then the re-code is also more), which is a lot of users love the cause of the. However, the quality of the software itself is designed to be problematic, the interface is not good, the menu is disorganized, the design of the operating keys is arbitrary, etc. fully reflecting the limitations of the personal **** enjoy the software. In 1999, several other pinyin input methods appeared: Pinyin Plus, Free Pinyin Input Method and Koala Input Method. Pinyin Plus is actually a reappearance of Liao Hengyi, who was originally involved in the design of the new Pinyin of Chinese Star. Its compact size, stable program, and reasonable key design, together with some newly added features, such as inputting Western languages without switching, inputting unknown Chinese characters with strokes similar to Smart ABC, and inputting multiple symbols quickly with Simplified Pinyin, made this input method popular among word inputters, and it is similar to Pinyin Star, Smart Five Strokes, Universal Five Strokes, Pinyin Star, and Pinyin Plus, and also to Pinyin Plus. , Smart Five Strokes, and Universal Five Strokes together in the Great Wall Chinese Hurricane OEM sales. However, the disadvantages of Pinyin Jaga are obvious: the word bank is too small, and you have to keep selecting words and pressing space to confirm the input of more than two words in a row. The biggest feature of Free Pinyin Input Method is that the source code is open (there is not much new in the way of operation and function), so it is a reference for many input method enthusiasts to compile their own input method. When Koala Input Method was first launched, it was introduced on Tsinghua BBS, and its operation was almost completely modeled after the new pinyin of Chinese Star, but it overcame the defect of small font size of the new pinyin in some systems, which was highly praised by the netizens. From the very beginning, the author of Koala declared in the software description that he wanted to sell it. Later, it was actually sold to Ziguang, and in 2000, it was improved into the Ziguang Pinyin Input Method. The most important feature of this input method is that it is also completely faithful to the way of operation of New Pinyin, providing a large word bank, and in the subsequent versions, such as 2.2 and 2.3, adding intelligent word formation, which means that if the user inputs a pinyin string of up to 9 words in a row, the system is able to convert it into a Chinese character automatically, and regardless of whether or not there is a word for it, the system will give a combination of the string of words based on the word frequency of the word frequency first, which enhances the This enhances the smoothness of operation. It is also worth mentioning that Ziguang Pinyin Input Method is good at absorbing the advantages of other input methods, such as the real-time display of Pinyin Star, the intelligent recognition of symbols, customized strings, and Pinyin Jaga's ability to type directly into Spanish without switching to Enter, which has ultimately made it a user-friendly input method. However, Ziguang Pinyin Input Method has some obvious shortcomings. Due to the defects of program design, it is not as stable as Pinyin Star and Pinyin Plus, and many versions of the Input Method often have errors in the input engine, and the user's vocabulary can't be used because of errors as soon as the user's vocabulary is large, which has been improved in the version 2.3, but it still has the screen flickering when you switch between applications, and the input bar appears faintly and faintly in some western software such as Dreamweaver. However, there are still flickering screen when switching applications, input bar in some western software such as Dreamweaver, and the problem of garbled code in some applications, which affects the normal use of the software. In 2000, the old Xintiandi split up and set up a company called Chinese Star, which mainly promoted a kind of whole sentence input method called Smart Crazy Pinyin, which was similar to Microsoft Pinyin, Dark Horse Pinyin and Pinyin Star's phrase input, but this company was very good at publicity. In 2001, it released an upgraded version of Intelligent Spell II. Intelligent crazy spell to the input method field is like a shot in the arm, although the Chinese star still did not earn much silver, but China has begun to pay attention to the Chinese star again - the former Chinese IT software overlord, at this time in 2000, China and the world as in the network of the same frenzy, and the Chinese star used to be competitors - SITO Lifang, the Chinese star. Competitors - Four Directions, has long completed the primary stage of financing to China's first Chinese portal Sina identity, in preparation for the U.S. Nasdaq listing, it is no wonder that the Chinese Star at this time too much need some attention. The interface of Intelligent Spelling is still good, you can customize many colors and fonts, and the size can be stretched like a Windows window, modifying pinyin and selecting recodes have been improved compared to Microsoft Pinyin, and the correctness of pinyin-to-characters conversion is not bad, especially after learning a lot of ancient verses and celebrities' aphorisms, which makes Intelligent Spelling the smartest one for a while, but it's not as good as Pinyin Star and Pinyin Plus in terms of self-learning. However, its self-learning ability is not as good as Pinyin Star and Pinyin Jaga. Self-learning is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is to input a pinyin string individually, and if it is not accurate at the first time, you can modify it, and then the next time you type in the same pinyin or abbreviated pinyin, you should be able to get the desired result, which is easy for the traditional word input methods; on the other hand, you can learn the corresponding words from the statements you are typing in, which is a little bit difficult, and all the current systems are not as good as you would like them to be. The obvious disadvantage of Intelligent Spelling is that it is too large, adding hundreds of megabytes of disk overhead in order to increase the conversion accuracy by 1% to 2%, an input method is more bloated than an operating system, and this trick may only be thought of by people who are in a hurry. There is also a software called Natural Code, which is an old input method with a lot of subtleties in its functional design. It adopts a combination of phonetic and morphological coding with ShuangPin and radicals or strokes, providing a way to input Chinese characters quickly, with a large vocabulary database as its feature, which used to be very popular for a while during the DOS era, and the program design is also very unique. However, after entering the Windows era, the development was slow, and the menu design was not well thought out, which was rather disorganized, and it had the same problem with Universal 5-stroke and Smart 5-stroke introduced earlier. In addition, it was difficult to launch the NT version, which made a lot of old users give up their love and put into the embrace of the new input method. In 2000, Natural Code was also affected by the whole sentence input, and introduced the whole sentence input function with slow conversion speed, lower accuracy and bad modification, but it was so difficult to use that it was not practical. In 2001, the new version of the whole sentence input has been greatly improved, without switching to use the Chinese character code to select the heavy code of the way cleverly designed, if further improved to reduce the complexity of the operation and the duality of the development of the future, or a great future.

Editing voice input and pen input

After years of using keyboard input, it suddenly came under fierce attack around 1998, which only said that Wubi was too troublesome and needed to memorize the root of the characters, Pinyin was too simple, but there were too many codes and it was slow to type, and that it was time to look at the present day to see how it would be done--voice and pen input. Input. Major manufacturers, including IBM, Microsoft, Motorola, China since, Ziguang and other companies have launched their own non-specific human voice input system or even the pen word handwriting input system, a period of time in the market promotion and media publicity on the offensive, but I believe that the two input methods to see how it can be, but are not the right way to input Chinese characters, this is not, a few years down the two methods accounted for how much of the share of it? Speech input of Chinese characters, originated from speech recognition technology, usually using Markov information model for statistical processing and rule-based methods for ambiguity discrimination. For example, when we usually speak, when we say a word, due to the recoding, others may not understand, but when we say a word, the possibility of others being able to understand increases, and when we say a sentence, the bystanders understand it, this is because the words and phrases in the discourse are related to each other, and this correlation factor is quantitatively statistically analyzed to arrive at the statistical quantitative relationship between the collocations of commonly used words, and computers can usually use this quantitative relationship based on the Markov information model. Based on this quantitative relationship, computers are usually able to have "intelligence" within a certain range. To recognize recorded speech, it is sometimes necessary to adopt certain linguistic rules to supplement the statistical methods in order to improve the intelligence level of the machine. Making machines "understand" what people say is a very beautiful but very difficult thing to do. Its research can lead to the development of many technologies, and its results can be used in many ways, such as voice control of instruments, and of course, the input of Chinese characters. In the mid-late 1990s, IBM finally launched ViaVoice, a non-specific continuous speech recognition system, which is the leader in speech recognition at present. In recent years, a group of people engaged in Chinese character speech recognition research in China have joined foreign companies, taking advantage of the well-funded benefits of foreign companies, and using the knowledge or research results they have learned in domestic research institutes or universities, they have established a huge Chinese language database (also known as a corpus), and launched a speech input system for Mandarin Chinese, which realizes high-speed input of more than 150 words per minute. Similar systems are also available in China. In order to prove the advancement and practicability of the voice input system, many keyboard voice competitions have been conducted. In the first half of 1998, the first 10 cities voice keyboard input competition, the fastest input speed of voice input players are higher than the keyboard input players, fully verified the "mouth faster than the hand" reasoning, a time, voice input, the prospect of brilliant. However, voice input has some weaknesses that are difficult to overcome. First of all, it requires a quiet input environment with accurate and loud pronunciation. And because this system is associated with the back and forth, an error will trigger a series of errors. If there is an accent, the result is even more unthinkable. If a professional inputter were to use this method, the now spacious computer room would be transformed into a small, sound-proofed space, and the person would be exhausted from reading aloud for hours on end. Non-professionals use the computer to enter, the use of the main "want to play" approach, that is, while thinking, while writing directly on the computer, and voice input requirements of the voice of the accurate, smooth, did not leave sufficient time for people to think. Secondly, it needs to learn the user's pronunciation so that the user can use it normally, which invariably increases the complexity and inconvenience of use. Because the language environment varies greatly, even if the corpus is large, it can not be exhausted, the ability to automatically learn to acquire new knowledge needs to be strengthened, and there is still a long way to go before it becomes a truly practical system. Besides voice input, another hot spot is pen input. A year before the launch of ViaVoice, this and that pen has begun to fire, but not how the market is hot, but the vendor publicity is lively. As a matter of fact, the handwritten Chinese character input system, which has reached basic practicality since 1997, adopts a pattern recognition method based on semantic syntax, starting from 4 levels: stroke segment - stroke - character root - whole character, which solves the problem of recognition rate of on-line handwritten Chinese characters to a certain extent. The best of them are "Hanwang 99" of Zhongzi Company and "Hui Pen" of Motorola Company. However, the slow speed of input, inconvenient to use, and especially hard on the eyes for long-term operation are the insurmountable obstacles of handwriting input. Because the writing board and the screen is separate, when the entrant writes, eyes staring at the writing board, the word is easy to write run ---- in the Windows environment, the "pen" is easy to write the window handle lost, even if the full-screen writing may also be so. And the inputters write while staring at the screen, the eyes are particularly easy to fatigue, it is impossible to realize a large number of Chinese characters input. Therefore, handwriting input will only be popular among specific groups of people, such as those who are not familiar with computers and only need to input a small number of Chinese characters; or those who need to sign. At the same time, handheld PDA computers can also use pen input, because the small size of the machine, the keyboard input is inconvenient. At that time, the manufacturer advertised that "every machine has a pen", "pen" will become the same as the keyboard, mouse standard configuration, a time of buzz, as if last year's "network economy "Like last year's" network economy, there is a thick bubble. A few years down the line, the pen input in the computer, especially in the use of the most widely used PC, almost no figure, but in the "business" and other single-function, tiny size of the popularity of handheld computers. Looking at the input of Chinese characters, pinyin input is still difficult to achieve the highest level of efficiency, and the five-stroke input is the only one in the competition of memorizing word roots, which is still able to share some of the benefits; the voice input and "scribbling and drawing sparrows" on a board, which are the "magic pens and immortal fingers", seem to have few new features. "It seems that there are few new things to do. Can the Chinese climb over the input hurdle? ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ In addition to the input methods mentioned in the above article, new input methods have been born one after another since 2006, including Google Google Pinyin Input Method, Sogou Pinyin Input Method (Sogou Pinyin), QQ Pinyin Input Method, plus Microsoft Pinyin, Ziguang (currently Ziguang Huayu) Pinyin, Pinyin Jaga, Pinyin Star, Natural Code, Intelligent Pinyin, and so on, Pinyin Star, Natural Code, Smart Spell, as well as a variety of five-stroke input methods and codes, and phonetic codes, constitute the era of the Internet era of a hundred flowers of Chinese input methods, adding more convenience to our lives, and I would like to thank the inventors and developers of these input methods.