Causes and solutions of traffic jams

Traffic jam is the most troublesome thing and the biggest feature of "urban disease" in the new era. The resulting inefficiency, time delay, environmental problems and so on are endless, and the resulting "road rage" and "passionate crime" are also increasing. Moreover, road traffic, as a part of "travel" in "basic necessities of life", is closely related to each of us, and we can't ignore it. We expect a smooth trip. Then, look at the causes and composition of urban traffic congestion. What are the solutions? As an ordinary traffic participant, the author briefly discusses the following points:

First, the basic elements of road traffic

To sum up, people, vehicles, roads and environment are the four basic elements of road traffic. As the name implies, people are the most active factors, including pedestrians, non-motor vehicle drivers and motor vehicle drivers. Whether it is walking traffic or vehicle traffic, people can't live without this subject. Therefore, people are the most active factor in road traffic composition. Followed by cars, the types of cars are becoming more and more complex, including bicycles, animal-drawn cars, wheelchairs, electric cars, cars and so on. Generally speaking, it can be divided into motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles, that is, motor vehicles driven or towed by power devices and non-motor vehicles that rely on their own power to complete displacement. The third is the road. Roads in the legal sense refer to roads with public transportation space or roads that allow social vehicles to pass, including main roads, block roads, expressways, urban expressways, public squares, etc. , all belong to the category of roads. Fourth, the environment, rain, fog, snow, dust and fog, day and night, light intensity, etc. , can be classified as environmental factors. These four elements constitute the main body of road traffic. In other words, the relationship between the above four factors is interactive and harmonious. As long as it is harmonious, it is smooth. Once any party has disharmonious factors, mutual interference or mutual influence, traffic congestion and even traffic accidents will occur. This is the macro factor analysis of road traffic.

Second, the causes of traffic congestion analysis

Based on the above analysis and special investigation, we can analyze the causes of traffic congestion from the following aspects.

(a) the traffic is illegal and random, and the good habit of civilized driving and walking according to law has not been developed.

The low level of civilization of traffic participants and the prominent phenomenon of disobeying the law have led to a large number of traffic accidents and hindered the traffic efficiency of urban roads. First, the traffic awareness of ordinary people is generally poor. Tricycles, taxis and buses in urban areas stop at will to attract passengers, and people don't let them go, and the cars don't let them go, so people don't consciously abide by traffic laws. Second, the social cooperation of traffic safety propaganda work is not enough. At present, the traffic safety publicity of the traffic police department basically stays in organizing large-scale publicity activities, using vehicle management, handling traffic violations and other methods, and the publicity activities are small and not deep enough. The publicity and education system of traffic safety in most schools and transportation enterprises is not perfect, and the awareness of traffic safety is not strong. Third, uncivilized traffic behaviors such as driving without paying attention to "car morality" have become a major "culprit" that hinders urban traffic order. According to the network survey, nearly 90% people think that the reason of poor traffic is related to the poor morality of drivers. 68% drivers admit that they have "immoral" behavior, and 46% drivers are fined or deducted points for uncivilized driving behavior. In the traffic system composed of people, vehicles, roads, environment and other factors, an individual traffic participant who violates traffic ethics and traffic regulations will not only cause local congestion, but also have a serious impact on the orderly flow of the whole road and even the whole traffic system.

(B) the rapid growth of vehicles, road area increased less.

In recent years, the growth rate of urban motor vehicles is the fastest. The average annual growth rate of buses, private cars and even trucks is above 15%. The total number of residents' trips has increased steadily, and the travel distance has increased rapidly. With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy and the continuous improvement of people's quality of life, the share of passenger cars, especially cars, in the number of private cars will further increase.

According to the analysis of China's automobile growth, whenever the annual growth rate of automobile ownership exceeds 20%, it will inevitably lead to the deterioration of urban traffic in that year and in the following years. However, the existing urban road network is generally a low-speed traffic system with low density, large distance between main roads, few branches and chaotic functions, which is difficult to meet the needs of modern automobile traffic and hinders the realization of urban motorization. There are few roads, unreasonable road network structure and low overall efficiency. For a long time, the per capita road area in China's cities has been at a low level, the proportion of road land to urban land is small, the density of road network is low, and the supply of total road capacity is seriously insufficient. In recent ten years, although the road traffic volume has developed rapidly, it still can't keep up with the annual growth rate of urban traffic volume of 20%. At the same time, there is a serious shortage of parking lots in China's cities, and many cities do not have standardized parking lots, which leads to the widespread phenomenon of motor vehicles parked and placed indiscriminately, which has aggravated traffic congestion to some extent.

(3) The pavement structure is uneven and there are many interactions.

At present, in the traditional business circle of the old city, most of them have no circular road system to bypass, and there are many "T-roads" and "staggered roads" and few channelized intersections, which is extremely unfavorable to traffic organization and guidance. Some of them are both main traffic roads and prosperous commercial sections, which leads to uneven distribution of traffic flow in the central city and double pressure on main roads. Besides. China's urban occupation of roads and sidewalks has not been effectively solved. The newly added road area in the city is often occupied by various vendors, bazaars and parking lots, which makes the already seriously insufficient road area even more tense. The reason of insufficient road area lies in the lag of road construction. This lag is not only the confusion and inefficiency of the existing road functions in the city, but also a great waste of time and the loss of driving costs.

(4) There are many traffic conflict points, which have great mutual interference.

Urban traffic construction is a systematic project. It is a decision-making work to study the balance between traffic demand and supply, and also to consider the possibility of land and financial resources. At present, the commercial development in some cities is concentrated, and the lines of primary and secondary trunk roads are few and unevenly distributed, which leads to the relative concentration of traffic and the difficulty of diversion. Some roads are narrow, which seriously limits the traffic flow. Traffic capacity can usually be handled temporarily, but it is easy to form traffic bottlenecks and cause congestion during peak hours or holidays. With the rapid motorization of cities, the defects of unreasonable road network structure are fully exposed. The main roads and high-grade roads in the road network lack the support of many low-grade roads. The density of urban road network is low, the distance between main roads is too large, the roads with different properties in the road network lack reasonable matching, and the traffic generation points lack transitional connection with the main road system, which makes urban traffic too concentrated on the main roads, leading to many traffic conflicts and mutual interference, and the urban traffic efficiency is inevitably low.

Third, the countermeasures and suggestions to solve traffic congestion

(1) Improve the public's awareness of traffic laws and regulations, and enhance the humanistic quality.

Traffic order is closely related to people's lives, and a good road traffic order cannot be separated from people's understanding, support and participation. To this end, all relevant departments should combine the construction of a civilized city with the implementation of the "Civilized Traffic Action Plan", scientifically formulate plans, clarify work priorities, refine work requirements, and promote traffic safety publicity step by step. All news organizations should intensify their publicity efforts, incorporate traffic safety publicity activities into radio, television, newspapers and the Internet, guide public opinion, and form a strong atmosphere. All units should actively respond to the call, strengthen the management of internal traffic safety education, and form a working situation in which the whole people participate, connect up and down, make concerted efforts and promote in an all-round way. In fact, both traffic managers and traffic participants are made up of people. Therefore, improving people's quality education is a long-term unremitting work. First of all, it is necessary to improve the political and professional quality of traffic managers and improve their management level. Facing the increasingly complicated traffic management, we should rely on modern scientific and technological means and scientific management methods. Secondly, we should vigorously publicize traffic laws and regulations and enhance citizens' awareness of civilized participation in traffic. Traffic safety publicity and traffic laws and regulations education must take the road of socialization, make use of mass media and social forces, bring people's conscious compliance with traffic laws into the track of two civilizations, and carry out modern traffic awareness education for different groups in a targeted manner, and make it regular and institutionalized. While strengthening legislation and supervision, do a good job in extensive publicity and education. Improve citizens' awareness of participating in traffic, and constantly instill traffic regulations and common sense of traffic safety into the ideology of traffic participants, so that people can develop the urban traffic fashion of civilized driving and civilized walking.

(2) Develop public transportation and reduce the traffic stock.

Public transport is a public welfare undertaking of the government. Its advantages are the smallest road area per capita, less environmental pollution, high transportation efficiency and solving congestion. Generally speaking, the transportation efficiency of 1 bus is equivalent to 60 cars. Therefore, we must establish the concept of giving priority to the development of public transport. To develop urban public transport, we should formulate and improve urban public transport planning, which should be included in the overall urban planning, the urban economic and social development plan, the comprehensive transport development plan at all levels and the fixed assets investment plan, and the government statistical sequence. It is necessary to implement preferential investment policies for urban public transport. According to the supply and demand situation, determine the proportion of urban public transport investment in the total investment in fixed assets of urban construction owned by the whole people. When planning large-scale public facilities such as urban reconstruction and new urban industrial zones and residential areas, public transportation must be allocated, and maintenance, parking lots, stations and public transportation hubs should be included in the planned land and projects. At the same time, according to the principle that the smaller the per capita road area is, the more priority is given to the means of transportation, and public transportation should be the leading direction of traffic development. Taxis can only be used as a supplement to public transportation. As a government, we should macro-control the scale of the taxi industry and reduce the number of traffic objects on the road according to the principle of reducing the total traffic volume, thus reducing traffic congestion and traffic accidents in urban areas.

(3) Optimize traffic organization and improve traffic efficiency.

In order to reduce traffic congestion caused by uneven traffic flow and spatial distribution, effective measures should be taken to optimize traffic organization, such as excavating dense areas in space and filling valleys in time to improve the effective utilization of road network. First, establish a perfect urban traffic guidance system to provide timely and accurate road information for motor vehicle drivers. The road sections or locations where drivers avoid traffic accidents and traffic jams can be predicted in advance, so as to eliminate or alleviate traffic jams to the maximum extent, greatly reduce the ineffective traffic flow on the road surface and balance the traffic flow on the road network. At the same time, the traffic command signal system should be standardized reasonably to meet the needs of traffic flow changes. For example, for the intersection of national highway and urban road, the green light signal control of urban road during peak hours is longer than usual. If several green light periods can't meet the rush hour traffic, the green light period should be extended. Only by reasonably standardizing the traffic command signal system and giving full play to the role of the traffic command signal system can we meet the needs of traffic flow changes. The second is to strengthen the transformation of "blocking points" and "chaotic points" in traffic order. It is necessary to focus on various "blocking points" and "chaotic points" that affect the urban traffic order and transform some road facilities. For example, remove the non-isolated green belt on the main road and add a lane to ease the traffic congestion at the intersection where cars queue up for release. The third is to scientifically channelize and transform intersections. There are many intersections of main roads, the functions of main roads and branches are unclear, the road planning is poor, and there is no networked circulation system. To make urban roads fundamentally smooth, it is necessary to scientifically organize traffic diversion, transform intersections on main roads, solve the problems of motor vehicles and pedestrians scrambling and interfering with each other at intersections, and improve the traffic capacity of intersections. At the same time, the intersection area should be reasonable, and the principle is to shorten the time required for vehicles to pass through the parking line as much as possible. Therefore, for intersections with too large area, parking lines or pedestrian walkways should be set as close as possible to the center of the intersection, which can provide enough parking space for pedestrians waiting for right-turn vehicles, and reduce the impact on straight traffic for intersections with more right-turn vehicles. Reasonable left-turn lane can be set as an additional lane independent of other lanes by moving the lane center line, reducing the lane width, canceling or reducing the median, and canceling the parking zone, and its length is designed according to the queue length of left-turn vehicles. When the right-turn traffic is the mainstream traffic, or there are too many crosswalks and too many right-turn traffic, a right-turn lane should be set up.

(4) Harness traffic hazards and eliminate traffic impacts.

Strengthen the joint attack with other state functional departments, eliminate the interest-driven consciousness of relevant functional departments through the promotion of the government, and further improve and standardize the urban road traffic order closely around the overall interests of the people. Through key rectification and long-term maintenance work, put an end to shops occupying the road and setting up stalls, and rationally arrange the positions of stalls in the main roads and crowded places; Through strict rectification of vehicles parked along the street, careful investigation and study, adjust and delimit parking lots suitable for management and meeting current needs between urban roads; By strictly grasping the vehicles with excessive exhaust emissions, we will realize the management of vehicles in the retirement period, focus on rectifying the operation order of urban tricycles, strengthen the ban on unlicensed and unlicensed vehicles, fake license plates and illegal operations, and return the city to a safe and clean passenger environment; Through the active operation of local government budget, traffic management, urban construction planning and other relevant departments, we will increase the investment in urban municipal standardization construction, further improve the necessary road traffic facilities in urban areas, and realize the three synchronizations of planning, construction and use.

(5) Cultivate automobile civilization and advocate green travel.

Actively advocate "bus week" and "car-free day" among citizens, advocate all citizens to take action, establish the concept of giving priority to the development of urban public transport, enhance the awareness of green health and environmental protection, consciously choose public transport, or choose "carpooling" to travel together, or choose green ways such as cycling and walking to form "walking, riding and sitting", and drive more people to consciously participate in "cultivating automobile civilization and advocating green travel" Everyone strives to be a propagandist, disseminator and practitioner to ensure smoothness and safety.