What is the historical background of the old buildings around the Bund? Shanghai landmark building?

The Bund complex brings together various architectural styles from different countries and different periods in the world. There are neoclassical, renaissance, baroque, modern and so on. It has great compatibility, so most buildings on the Bund are eclectic. Eclecticism refers to juxtaposing architectural vocabulary of different historical periods in a building. This style was popular in the west at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. Most of the buildings on the Bund took shape at the beginning of this century and were strongly influenced by this style, so it was called "World Architecture Expo".

First of all? The historical background of the old buildings and landmark buildings around the Bund is as follows:

I. Overview

There are 9 old buildings around the Bund. 1989 was approved by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government as a municipal cultural relics protection unit. They are the former Asia Building, Shanghai General Association, HSBC, Jiangguan, Zhonghui Hotel, Sassoon Building, Bank of China, Qihe Foreign Firm and Credit Suisse Oriental Bank. ?

the bund des nations building expo group

In addition, there are many landmark buildings in Shanghai, such as Bund 18, Jinmao Tower, Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower, Xintiandi, Shanghai Museum, Shanghai Art Museum, Shanghai Exhibition Center, Shanghai Library, Shanghai International Exhibition Center, hang lung plaza, Oriental Art Center, Shanghai Grand Theatre, Shanghai Theatre Center, Paramount Ballroom, Shanghai International Conference Center, Shanghai New Jinjiang Hotel and Shanghai Stadium (Shanghai).

Second, the historical background of the old buildings and landmark buildings around the Bund

1, Bund 18

18 was formerly known as Standard Chartered Bank. This 1500-square-meter building is built on the water, which combines classical, neoclassical, baroque and mixed styles. Even after 80 years, the simple lines and elegant appearance of 18 still exude the pride of that era. In June 2004, the Bund 1 18 was opened as a new landmark of humanistic fashion. The operator's self-positioning is called "Bund 18? Creative. After re-planning, Bund 18 not only attracts many high-end consumer goods, but also owns world-class brands such as Cartier and Dzheniya and high-end restaurants. Many exhibitions, fashion shows and forums are often held. ?

2. Dongfeng Hotel (formerly Shanghai General Association)?

Shanghai Federation (Shanshai? C 1ub) is also translated as Shanghai Club, also known as British Association and Royal Association. In the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862), it was a British classical building with a three-story brick-wood structure and red bricks embedded in the exterior wall. In the first year of Qing dynasty (1909), a new building was rebuilt on the original site, and cement-based cementitious materials were used for the first time, which broke the uniform brick-wood structure of the Bund complex at that time. The new building is compatible with the architectural styles of different periods, and its horizontal and straight lines are properly handled, especially the horizontal lines, which give people a sense of balance, symmetry and harmony. The bottom floor takes the main entrance as the main axis, forming a symmetrical pattern on both sides. There are six Onek columns between the second and third floors, and there are/kloc-0 elegant baroque towers at the north and south ends of the top floor, which has become a special symbol of the building. ?

The facilities in the new building are exquisite. The basement is a bowling alley, and there is a 34-meter-long bar on the ground floor, which was the longest bar in the Far East at that time (now demolished). There is a grand ballroom in the building that can accommodate more than 2,000 people. The 300-square-meter hall has no pillars, which was very advanced at that time. After 1956, it became an international seaman's club. ?

3. Customs Building (formerly Jiang Customs)

The building was rebuilt for the third time in 16 and 12. It is a steel frame structure. The facade bears traces of modernism. The facade of this building is all made of granite. The entrance is a Greek chiton porch. The lintel is supported by four huge Roman granite columns with square tops. It is not only the load-bearing part of the building, but also gives people a solemn feeling. There are six sliding doors in front of the giant column and four windows at the upper end, all the way to the sixth floor. There are windows on each floor in the middle, and the windows are connected by a light aluminum plate with patterns. There were stone cornices on the ground floor and the sixth floor, and a four-story square bell tower was built at the top, which was the highest in Asia at that time. The whole building embodies the eclectic architectural style of combining Greek classical architecture with modern architecture. The building has an elevator 12. ?

4、? Peace Hotel

Peace Hotel consists of a main building, a south building and a north building, in which the main building was formerly Huamao Hotel, the south building was the original Zhonghui Hotel, and the north building was the original Sassoon Building.

Hua Mao Hotel, built in 1929, is a Gothic building of Chicago School, with a height of 77 meters and a floor of *** 12. The outer wall is made of granite and enters through the rotating hall door. The floor of the lobby is paved with ivory Italian marble, and the top bronze carved chandelier is luxurious and elegant, which has the reputation of "the first building in the Far East". ?

After liberation, the hotel reopened on 1956 and was named Peace Hotel. In recent years, the Peace Hotel has renovated rooms and restaurants, but the architectural style is still consistent with that of that year. The whole building combines modernity and tradition, trendy and retro.

Zhonghui Hotel was invested and built by Hong Kong-British Shanghai Hotel Co., Ltd. in the 32nd year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1906). Generally speaking, the architecture is Renaissance architecture, which is strictly symmetrical. Build a fair-faced exterior wall with white bricks and outline the waist line of each floor with red bricks. The architectural decoration is mostly baroque style, such as the design of doors and windows, both round arches and flat arches. There is a large baroque pavilion at both ends of the original garden on the roof. The roof decoration was destroyed by fire in the third year of the Republic of China and changed to a platform. At that time, Zhonghui Hotel was the tallest building in Shanghai, and the elevator facilities were the earliest used in Shanghai. The hotel has 120 rooms, and the ground floor has a hall that can accommodate 300 people at the same time. If necessary, the dining table can be removed for more than a thousand people to gather. After the success of the Revolution of 1911, people from all walks of life in Shanghai welcomed Dr. Sun Yat-sen back to China as interim president. ?

Sassoon Building was built in 18. Steel frame structure, 10 floor (13 floor part), the building is magnificent and belongs to the early modernist style. The exterior of the building is treated with vertical lines, which is simple and clear. Except for the ninth floor and the top floor, the exterior walls are all granite, which is an early building built by granite on the Bund. The waistline and eaves are decorated with patterns and carvings. The square conical copper roof with a height of 19 meters is adopted in the east facade of the building, which not only increases the height of the building, but also enhances the aesthetic effect. ?

The building is beautifully decorated, and the deluxe rooms are decorated in Chinese, English, French, Italian, German, American, Indian, Japanese and Spanish styles. ?

5. Bank of China (BOC Tower)?

The original site was the German General Association, which was demolished in 25 years to build the China Bank Building. The building is a *** 17-storey (2 floors underground) steel frame structure, designed by British Businessman Co., Ltd. and China designer Lu Qianshou * * *. Facade is an early modernist style, which outlines the building with vertical lines and blends into the traditional architectural style of China. The exterior wall is made of domestic granite, the roof is covered with green glazed tiles, with gentle square drill tips, the eaves are decorated with stone arches, the railing patterns and panes are also decorated with traditional decorations, and there are hollow herringbone patterns on both sides of each floor. Above the gate, there is a stone sculpture of Confucius traveling around the world (now destroyed). There are 9 stone steps outside the door, and there are 2 doors engraved with copper patterns. On both sides of the ceiling of the hall, there are sculptures of the Eight Immortals crossing the sea (now destroyed). The building is fully equipped with an advanced vault underground. The building is equipped with 14 elevators and a set of master and slave clocks to ensure accurate and consistent timing.

6. British Consulate?

The former British consulate office building was destroyed by fire in Tongzhi nine years, and the present building was rebuilt in Tongzhi eleven years. It has become the earliest and best-preserved building in the Bund complex. This is a typical English Renaissance building. Renaissance architecture emphasizes horizontal division and pays attention to the neatness, unity and order of architectural outline. Form a harmonious, symmetrical, clear and concise style. The horizontal line of the British consulate gives a prominent impression. The horizontal thick eaves and horizontal waistline make the whole building look balanced, symmetrical, dignified and heavy.

7. Oriental Art Center

Shanghai Oriental Art Center was designed by the famous French architect paul andreu. The outer wall of the building adopts metal sandwich glass curtain wall, and the inner wall is decorated with special ceramic pendants in light yellow, ochre, brown and gray.

As a masterpiece of post-modern architectural concept, the whole design embodies the most avant-garde and culturally connotative style in the world today-returning to nature. Appreciating music art in such an environment is the real enjoyment of cultivating temperament. Oriental Art Center, as "the latest elegant art publishing place in Shanghai", has attracted many fashionistas.

8、? frontier

Xintiandi, based on the old Shikumen building area, the symbol of Shanghai's modern architecture, has changed the original living function of Shikumen for the first time and given it the function of business operation, transforming this old house, which embodies Shanghai's history and culture, into a fashion, leisure, cultural and entertainment center integrating international functions such as catering, shopping and performing arts. The exterior of the Shikumen complex in Xintiandi retains the brick walls and tiles of that year, while the interior of each building is tailored according to the lifestyle, rhythm and emotional world of modern urbanites, which reflects the atmosphere of modern leisure life. Walking in a new world is like going back to the past, just like being in Shanghai in the 1920s and 1930s, but it is very modern to walk into every building in one step.

9. Shanghai Theatre Center

Although watching drama is still a hobby of very few people, with the continuous introduction of foreign original dramas and the emergence of contemporary outstanding drama works, Shanghai Drama Center has cultivated the drama performance market in Shanghai. Today, the drama performance of Anfu Road is a unique scenery in Shanghai. Going to Anfu Road to see a play has become a fashion culture, a lifestyle and even a habit of contemporary Shanghai youth.

10, Shanghai Art Museum

This used to be the Jockey Club of Shili Ocean Park in old Shanghai. The expansion project of the new museum completely retains the original neoclassical appearance of this British building and is transformed according to the functional requirements of the art museum. Interior design inherits the traditional European language, emphasizing bright modern atmosphere. Look up at the dignified beams and columns in the museum, climb the stairs along the spacious stairs, touch the bronze cast horse's head in the 1930s, and browse the exquisite works of artists. You will certainly appreciate the historical changes of old and new Shanghai and feel the charming cultural charm. As an important business card of Shanghai culture, Shanghai Art Museum is also full of fashion events, providing an important stage for all kinds of avant-garde experimental art.

1 1、? Bailemen ballroom

The appearance of Paramount adopts the modern American avant-garde ArtDeco architectural style. It is a fashionable building in China and even the whole world in 1930s, and it is popular in Shanghai. It is also the main social place for ladies and gentlemen in Shanghai.

After entering the 2 1 century, the Paramount Gate, which has experienced more than 70 years of wind and rain, has been restored, which not only restores the graceful charm of the past, but also incorporates more modern fashion elements, attracting people who are nostalgic or fashionable, and has set off a fashion and leisure boom in Shanghai, which can be described as "elegant reproduction, better than the past".

Jinmao building 12

Known as the tallest building in China, Shanghai Jinmao Tower is located in Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone, facing the famous Bund scenic spot across the river. ?

Jinmao Tower, designed by SOM Architects in Chicago, USA, is a collection of 5,000-year-old pagodas in China, and it is a fusion of new architectural technologies in the contemporary world. The construction period is five years. ?

With a height of 402.5 meters, Jinmao Tower is the third tallest building in the world and the tallest building in China at present, with a total construction area of 290,000 square meters, covering 23,000 square meters, 88 floors above ground and 3 floors underground, with a total investment of 540 million US dollars, which is 1.5 times of the total cost of Yangpu Bridge, nanpu bridge and Oriental Pearl Tower. ?

The sightseeing floor of Jinmao Tower is 340 meters high and covers an area of 1400 square meters. It is the highest and largest floor sightseeing floor in China at present. From the sightseeing floor, you can have a panoramic view of Shanghai's urban scenery and the spectacular scenery of the Yangtze River estuary. ?

Oriental Pearl TV Tower 13

The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower is located at the tip of Lujiazui, Pudong, on the Huangpu River, facing the World Architecture Expo Group on the Bund across the river. The tower is 468 meters high, ranking first in Asia and third in the world. Together with the left and right nanpu bridge and Yangpu Bridges, it has become a symbol of Shanghai's reform and opening up.

The designers of the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower connected eleven spheres of different sizes and heights in series from the blue sky to the green grass. The two huge spheres are like two rubies, crystal clear, and together with the two earth spheres of the world-class Shanghai International Conference Center under the tower (1999, the main venue of the Shanghai annual meeting of Fortune Forum), they form a magnificent landscape full of "like pearls pouring into a plate of jade" poetry.

The towering space capsule is built at 350 meters, with sightseeing floor, conference hall and coffee bar, which is elegant, luxurious and unique. Air Hotel is located in five small balls and 20 rooms, which is comfortable and interesting. Oriental Pearl Wanbang Department Store Co., Ltd. has a shopping area of10.8 million square meters and deals in clothing, handicrafts, gold and silver ornaments, leather goods, food and so on. Let tourists enjoy shopping and food while watching.

14、? Shanghai Exhibition Center

The main building of Shanghai Exhibition Center (Group) Co., Ltd. was built in March 1955, which is the earliest exhibition venue in Shanghai after the founding of New China. Over the past 40 years, many major political and foreign affairs activities have been held here, receiving three generations of party leaders and dozens of foreign heads of state and government, and organizing hundreds of exhibitions at home and abroad. Now it has become the main conference center and famous exhibition place in this city, and it is one of the windows for foreign exchange.

200 1 Overhaul of the main building of Shanghai Exhibition Center. After the transformation, the architectural style is more charming, the environment is more beautiful, the exhibition hall is larger, the functions are more perfect, and the equipment and facilities are more safe and reliable.

The southern part of Shanghai Exhibition Center consists of preface hall, central hall, East Hall 1, West Hall 1 and West Hall 2, while the northern part consists of Friendship Hall and rebuilt East Hall 2. The two regions are independent and interrelated, forming a functional pattern of South Exhibition and North Meeting, which can be divided and combined.

15, Shanghai Library

Shanghai Library Shanghai Institute of Science and Technology Information is a large comprehensive research public library and the first provincial library and information consortium in China. 1995 10, Shanghai Library and Shanghai Institute of Science and Technology Information merged, 1996 12, the new Shanghai Library and Shanghai Institute of Information were built and partially opened to the outside world. The new museum is located at Huaihai Middle Road 1555, with a building area of 83,000 square meters and a green area of 1 1000 square meters. The whole building symbolizes the solid foundation of historical and cultural accumulation and the continuous climbing of the peak of human knowledge.

Shanghai International Exhibition Center 16

Shanghai International Exhibition Center is located in the earliest economic and technological development zone in Shanghai? ——? Shanghai Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, from her? Since the birth of 1992, it has injected new vitality into Shanghai's convention and exhibition industry, become the birthplace of many brand exhibitions in Shanghai, and promoted the development of Shanghai's convention and exhibition industry. ?

17, Shanghai Museum

Shanghai Museum is a large ancient art museum in China, with a collection of 6.5438+0.2 million precious cultural relics, especially bronzes, ceramics, calligraphy and painting. Rich collection and exquisite quality enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad. Shanghai Museum was founded in 1952, and its original site was the old horse racing association at No.325 Nanjing West Road, which began its development. 1959 10 moved into the old zhonghui building at Henan south road 16. During this period, the Shanghai Municipal Government made a decision to allocate the golden plot of the downtown People's Square to build a new Shanghai Museum Building.

Shanghai International Conference Center 18

Shanghai International Conference Center is located next to the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower in Lujiazui, Pudong, and was completed in August 1999. From the International Conference Center on the Bund, which is separated by a river, I saw the milky white outer wall gently supporting two huge spheres. The big ball has a diameter of 50m and a height of 5 1 m; The diameter of the ball is also 50 meters, but it is only 38 meters high, one big and one small, which set each other off. The transparent glass on the sphere is assembled into a map of the world, which means "Shanghai goes to the world". Shang > The total external wall area of Shanghai International Conference Center is 25,860 square meters. The microcrystalline silver curtain wall, granite curtain wall, metal aluminum curtain wall and broken glass curtain wall are dignified and elegant. Twenty-five stone pillar caps installed on the external wall, each weighing about 8 tons, highlight the grandeur of the building.

19, Shanghai Grand Theatre

Shanghai Grand Theatre is located in the People's Square in the center of the city, with Renmin Avenue in the south, Huangpi North Road in the west and the municipal building in the east. Covering an area of about 2. 1 hectare, it has unique architectural style and beautiful shape. It has become another landmark building in Shanghai, making People's Square a veritable political and cultural center in Shanghai.

Shanghai Grand Theatre was designed by Charbangjie, a French architectural design company, with a total construction area of 62,803 square meters and a total height. 40 meters, divided into 2 floors underground, 6 floors above ground, 2 floors at the top, * * * 10 floor. Its architectural style is novel and unique. It combines the cultural charm of the East and the West. The white arc vault is organically combined with the photosensitive glass curtain wall, which is like a crystal palace under the contrast of light. ?

20. Shanghai New Jinjiang Hotel

Shanghai New Jinjiang Hotel is located in the center of Shanghai, adjacent to Huaihai Road, a bustling commercial street. It is a modern five-star business hotel with magnificent architecture, perfect facilities and excellent service. The hotel was awarded the "Five-Star Diamond Award" by the American Association for Quality Service Science, and passed the ISO 1400 1 environmental management system certification.

The hotel has 648 guest rooms, including Chinese and Western presidential suites and luxury executive suites. Rooms are fully equipped with broadband and wireless internet access facilities, allowing you to enjoy the wonderful information world in your room. There are various Chinese and western restaurants, bars and multi-function halls in the hotel. Located on the 4 1 floor, Blue Sky Revolving Restaurant is the largest revolving restaurant in the Far East, offering Chinese, Western and Japanese buffets. Guests climb mountains and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Shencheng.

Since its opening, the hotel has received more than 300 heads of state and government, including the President of the United States, the President of Russia, the President of France, the President of Germany and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and has undertaken a number of major foreign affairs reception tasks. It is an important foreign affairs activity and business tourism place in Shanghai.

Located on the 4th1floor of the hotel, Blue Sky Revolving Restaurant is the largest revolving restaurant in the Far East and the highest revolving restaurant in China. More than 300 heads of state have visited here. The restaurant provides Chinese, Western and Japanese buffets, allowing you to overlook Shencheng from the best angle in the shortest time and taste special dishes.

2 1, Shanghai Stadium (80,000 stadiums in Shanghai)

Shanghai Stadium is located at the intersection of Shanghai Southwest Subway 1 Line and Inner Ring Road. It is one of the major projects in Shanghai, and has received the care and support of Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, Municipal Government and leaders at all levels. With the full cooperation of dozens of related units, thousands of builders worked hard for three years, costing more than one billion yuan, and finally completed it in September 1997.

Shanghai Stadium covers an area of 6.5438+0.9 million square meters, with a construction area of nearly 6.5438+0.7 million square meters and a supporting green area of 7.7? 10000 square meters, the whole building is circular, with a diameter of 300 meters and a total elevation of over 70 meters. Does the giant saddle-shaped building have a long gas infiltration time? Rainbow integrates sports competition, cultural performance, fitness and entertainment, accommodation, business office, shopping and exhibition? Large-scale comprehensive sports facilities.

22. Pudong International Airport

Pudong International Airport is located in the coastal zone on the south bank of the Yangtze River estuary in Pudong, Shanghai, covering an area of more than 40 square kilometers, about 30 kilometers away from the center of Shanghai and about 40 kilometers away from Hongqiao Airport.