08 Olympic Games Introduction?

Beijing 2008 Olympic Games main stadium-"Bird's Nest"

Name of venue: National Stadium (Bird's Nest)

Construction site: Olympic Park

Construction area (10,000 square meters): 25.8, number of seats: permanent seats 80,000, 11,000 temporary seats

Functions during the games: athletics, soccer

Functions after the games: international and domestic sports competitions and cultural and recreational activities

Construction began: 2003.12.24

Sports venue for the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games!

The "Bird's Nest" is the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Designed by 2001 Pritzker Prize winners Herzog and de Meuron in collaboration with Chinese architect Li Xinggang, the giant stadium takes the form of a "nest" that nurtures life, but is more like a cradle that holds mankind's hopes for the future. The designers didn't do anything unnecessary with the national stadium, but simply exposed the structure, thus creating a natural look for the building.

The "Bird's Nest" design concept

The National Stadium sits on a gently sloping site in the central part of the Olympic Park, and is designed to be a container, with the undulating appearance of the high ground moderating the building's massing and lending it a dramatic and powerful form, giving it a perfect, pure appearance. The appearance is the structure of the building, and the fa?ade and the structure are in perfect unity. The components of the structure support each other to form a network, like a bird's nest woven with branches. The spatial effect of the stadium is unprecedentedly original, yet simple and elegant, and it establishes a unique and historic landmark for the 2008 Olympic Games. The stadium is like a huge container, no matter close up or far away, it will leave a distinctive and indelible image, which fully meets the functional and technical needs of the national stadium, and is different from the general stadium building with large span structure and digital screen as the main design approach. The spatial effect of the stadium is unprecedentedly original, yet simple and elegant. From here, one can navigate the entire dynamic of the area including the stairs leading to the stands. The stadium concourse, an indoor urban space with restaurants and stores, acts as a commercial arcade or plaza, drawing people in.

Basics of the Bird's Nest

The stadium's shell is made of an air cushion membrane that can be used as an infill, making the roof completely waterproof and allowing sunlight to pass through the transparent roof to meet the needs of the indoor lawn. The stands can be changed in a variety of ways to meet the requirements of different audiences at different times of the year. 20,000 temporary seats are located at the top end of the stadium during the Olympics and ensure that everyone has a clear view of the entire stadium. Entrances, exits and crowd flow were perfectly addressed through the rational division and design of the flow areas.

Call for proposals for the Bird's Nest

-Worldwide call for proposals, expert evaluation, public consultation, and creation of great architectural works

October 25, 2002, by the Beijing Municipal People's Government and the 29th Olympic Games. Beijing Municipal People's Government and the Organizing Committee of the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission was authorized to collect architectural conceptual design proposals for the main stadium of the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Stadium of China, from all over the world.

The National Stadium is the first Beijing Olympic stadium facility to enter the architectural design process. According to the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, the architectural concept design competition for the National Stadium is divided into two phases: the first phase is pre-qualification; the second phase is the official competition. As of November 20, 2002, the competition office **** received valid pre-qualification documents from 44 famous design units. After strict pre-qualification, 14 design units were finally determined to enter the formal program competition, and they came from China, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, Mexico and other countries and regions.

The Olympic Games not only attracts the world's greatest athletes to create the best results, but also attracts the world's greatest architects to create the greatest works, including the world's highest award for architectural design -- "Pritzker Prize" winners, including Many of the world's most powerful design teams and talented designers participated in the competition, and on March 18th, 2003, 13 famous architectural firms and design consortiums with rich experience from all over the world finally participated in the competition and sent their magnificent concepts of China's National Stadium to Beijing. 13 design proposals, of which 2 are domestic, 8 are foreign, and 3 are Chinese and foreign cooperative.

In the subsequent evaluation of the proposals, the evaluation committee composed of 13 authorities, including Guan Zhaoye, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and Koolhaas, an architect from the Netherlands, strictly evaluated the entries, repeatedly compared them and carefully screened them, and after two rounds of secret balloting, elected three outstanding proposals, which were the "Bird's Nest" designed by the consortium of the Swiss firms Herzog & de Meuron and the China Academy of Architectural Design and Research (CAADR). The "Bird's Nest" designed by Herzog & de Meuron (Switzerland) in collaboration with China Academy of Architectural Design (CAAD), the "Floating Open Roof" independently designed by Beijing Academy of Architectural Design (CAAD), the "Sky Stadium" designed by Japan's Sato Sogo Project in collaboration with China's Tsinghua University Academy of Architectural Design (TUAD). Ltd. in cooperation with Tsinghua University Architectural Design and Research Institute, China, "Sky Stadium".

On this basis, the jury overwhelmingly selected the "Bird's Nest" proposal as the key recommended implementation plan. In the discussion of the "Bird's Nest" program, **** 8 votes in favor, 2 votes against, 2 abstentions, 1 nullified. In the international architectural competition, a program can get so many **** knowledge, should be rare.

In order to solicit public opinion, the competition organizers will be all 13 designs on public display at the Beijing International Convention Center. The exhibition lasted six days and collected more than 6,000 votes from the audience. Among them, the "Bird's Nest" program, which was recommended by the Chinese and foreign judges, received 3,506 votes, the "floating open roof" received 3,472 votes, and the "Sky Stadium" received 3,454 votes, ranking the top three. The "Bird's Nest" was ranked in the top three. "The Bird's Nest came in first, showing a considerable degree of agreement between the audience and the jury.

After careful study by the decision-making authorities, the "Bird's Nest" was finalized as the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympics - the final implementation plan for China's National Stadium.

"Bird's Nest" structure

Basic materials

"Bird's Nest" structure mainly consists of huge portal steel frame, *** there are 24 truss columns, 20 truss columns have been completed the whole column and 2 lower columns lifting. Now 20 whole columns and 2 lower columns of truss columns have been completed. The top surface of the National Stadium building is saddle-shaped, with a long axis of 332.3 meters and a short axis of 296.4 meters, the height of the highest point of 68.5 meters and the height of the lowest point of 42.8 meters.

Changes to the design

While keeping the architectural style of the Bird's Nest unchanged, the new design makes substantial adjustments and optimizations to the structural layout, the form of the building sections, and the utilization of materials. The open roof in the original design scheme was canceled, the roof opening was enlarged, and the amount of steel used was greatly reduced through the optimization of the steel structure. The large-span roof is supported on 24 truss columns with a column spacing of 37.96 meters. The main trusses are arranged radially around the opening in the center of the roof, with 22 bays of main trusses running straight or nearly straight. In order to avoid overly complex nodes, a small number of main trusses are truncated near the inner ring. The steel structure adopts a large number of box-shaped members welded by steel plates, and the cross-layout of the main trusses, together with the secondary structure of the roof and fa?ade, forms the special architectural shape of the "Bird's Nest". The main grandstand part adopts reinforced concrete frame and shear wall structure system, which is completely separated from the large-span steel structure.

The use of Q460 steel

When it comes to Q460 steel, most people probably don't know. The "Bird's Nest" structural design is peculiar and novel, and the Q460 used to build its steel structure has a lot of unique features: Q460 is a low-alloy high-strength steel, which will deform plastically only when its stress strength reaches 460 MPa, which is greater than that of ordinary steel, and therefore very difficult to produce. This is the first time that Q460 specification steel is used in the building structure in China; and the thickness of the steel plate used this time reaches 110 millimeters, which is unprecedented, and in the national standard, the maximum thickness of Q460 is only 100 millimeters. Previously, this steel is generally imported from Luxembourg, South Korea, Japan. In order to give the "bird's nest" to provide "fit" Q460, from September 2004 onwards, Henan Maoyang Special Steel Factory researchers began more than half a year of scientific and technological research, before and after the three times the trial production finally succeeded. Now, for the "Bird's Nest" prepared Q460 steel has begun mass production. 2008, 400 tons of independent innovation, with intellectual property rights of domestic Q460 steel, will hold up the "Bird's Nest" of the iron bone steel.

Special structure

In addition, the lifting of the main truss of the inner ring of the roof and the installation of the sub-structure of the fa?ade have been in full swing. The steel used in the steel structure of the "Bird's Nest" is up to 11 centimeters thick, which has never been produced in China before. In addition, a layer of semi-transparent membrane will be affixed to the outer surface of the net frame structure on the top of the "Bird's Nest". After the use of this membrane, the light inside the stadium is not direct, but through the diffuse reflection, so that the light is softer, the resulting diffuse light can also solve the problem of maintaining the lawn, but also for the seats of the function of wind and rain. The sliding open roof is an essential part of the stadium structure. When closed, the stadium becomes an indoor arena. Like the lid of a container, the roof is an essential part of the building whether it is closed or open. With the exception of some specific structural needs, the structure of an openable roof is also essentially a web-like architecture that, when fitted with an inflatable cushion, becomes a watertight shell.

More ingenious is that the "Bird's Nest" the entire stadium outdoor terrain slightly elevated, many of the ancillary facilities will be placed under the terrain, so as to avoid the huge investment consumed by the excavation of the earth, and elevated slopes in the outdoor plaza of the edge of the slow landing, according to the situation into the warm-up site of the 2,000 open-air seats, and the organic integration of the surrounding environment, and again saving The 2,000 outdoor seats in the warm-up area blend in with the surroundings and again save on investment.

Symbolism of the Bird's Nest

Many people who have seen the design model of the Bird's Nest have described it as a cozy bird's nest, a 100,000-capacity stadium woven together with a branch-like steel mesh! The "nest" is used to nurture and care for life, and holds the hope of mankind for the future.

The components of the entire stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like framework that looks like a bird's nest made of tree branches, with a gray mineral-like steel mesh covered by a transparent membrane that contains an earthy red bowl-shaped stadium grandstand. Here, the traditional Chinese culture of hollowing, ceramic patterns, and the splendor and fervor of the color red blend seamlessly with the most advanced modern steel design.

The entire building is linked by a giant mesh structure without a single column inside, and the grandstand is a complete unobstructed bowl shape, like a huge container, giving the stadium incredible drama and unparalleled shock value. This even and continuous ring will also give spectators optimal visibility, driving their excitement and inspiring athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. It is here that people, truly, are given center stage.