What is the scientific paradigm? What is its role in traditional science?

The concept and theory of paradigm is Thomas, a famous American philosopher of science. Kuhn put forward and systematically expounded in The Structure of Scientific Revolution (1962). Since the concept of paradigm is the center of Kuhn's whole philosophy of science, he tried to generalize and describe the real science in many fields, not just interested in the history of science and philosophy, so he defined and explained the concept of paradigm from different aspects, levels and angles. Many people don't pay attention to this feature of Kuhn's thought, and often quote one of Kuhn's explanations to explain their problems according to their own needs. Therefore, some deviations are inevitable. Margaret Mastman, a British scholar, made a systematic study of Kuhn's paradigm view. (1987) He listed 21 paradigms with different meanings used by Kuhn from The Structure of Scientific Revolution and summarized them into three types or three aspects: first, as a belief and a metaphysical speculation, it is a philosophical paradigm or a meta-paradigm; Second, as a scientific habit, an academic tradition and a concrete scientific achievement, it is a sociological paradigm; Third, as a tool for successful demonstration on its own, a method for solving problems and an image for analogy, it is an artificial paradigm or a structural paradigm. Although the primary meaning of paradigm lies in philosophy, which is also the basic part of Kuhn's paradigm, Kuhn's originality and uniqueness lies in the sociological meaning and structural function of paradigm. Contrary to the abstraction of general philosophy of science, Kuhn particularly emphasized the concreteness of science, and regarded concreteness as the basic characteristic of science, because he believed that a set of practical scientific habits and traditions was very necessary and important for effective scientific work, which was not only a link of unity and collaborative exploration of science, but also the basis for its further research and development. It can not only endow any new subject with its own characteristics, but also determine its future and development. In this way, Kuhn took concreteness as the core of his philosophical thought, and drew a line between actual "image", "model" and "philosophy" to distinguish his thought from other scientific philosophies. Kuhn's structural paradigm is this kind of actual "image" and "model", which not only completes the activities of solving problems in conventional science, but also becomes an opportunity and means to open new disciplines, and establishes a new relationship between applied model and metaphysics, thus solving the problem of the way from general philosophical theory to practical scientific theory. Our following analysis mainly discusses and applies the latter two meanings of the paradigm.