What kinds of cameras are there, and which one is most suitable for students?

What kinds of digital cameras are there? The product types of digital cameras can be understood as the "manual" classification of digital cameras. According to the most common uses of digital cameras, they can be simply divided into SLR cameras, card cameras, telephoto cameras and household cameras. SLR digital camera refers to a single-lens reflex digital camera, which is the main difference between SLR cameras and other digital cameras (SLR camera: in short, the lens can be replaced! )。 There is no clear concept of card-type digital cameras in the industry. Only those small shapes, relatively thin bodies and ultra-thin and fashionable designs are the main standards to measure such digital cameras (card machine: this is very simple, that is, it is small and easy to take, and domestic digital cameras are cheap and affordable, just like card machines). A telephoto digital camera refers to a model with a large optical zoom factor. The larger the optical zoom factor, the farther the scene is photographed. A telephoto camera is a SLR camera followed by a telephoto lens.

As long as you like the above two kinds, you start to "burn money"

I suggest: semi-professional can go and have a look! Fuji s6500! ! Its price is around 2400 pounds.

And the fuselage looks very professional and the price is cheap! The color of Fuji is OK! !

A better place should buy an entry-level SLR: Pentax k 100d s version'' plus a tripod head, about 3800'' will cost 800! Don't buy a card machine! ! !

If you want to buy it, go and see Canon g9! This is not bad! !

Now it can be generally divided into digital cameras, traditional film cameras, and digital cameras can be divided into large-format advertising cameras, civil professional SLR cameras and civil portable digital cameras. Traditional cameras can be divided into 4X5 professional camera with large format, long-distance camera, 120 professional camera with large format, 135 SLR camera, 126 half-width camera, APS format camera, Paula once imaging camera and 13. 5 disposable cameras digital cameras are generally divided into consumer-grade DC and SLR cameras, both of which have telephoto machines. However, the SLR camera itself has no zoom function and needs to change the lens (such as macro, portrait, perspective, etc.). ). The consumer machine itself has such a lens, but because it is integrated, its function is limited!

Consumer cameras also have strong manual functions, such as Canon's A series and S series, as well as fashionable card machines, such as Sony's T series and Canon's IXUS series.

Card machine, just a kind of consumer digital camera, is equivalent to the original fool camera, which is fashionable and beautiful, but in general, fool camera, you know, is just for convenience! There are a variety of scene modes to choose from, such as portraits and night scenes. The manual machine needs to adjust the parameters such as aperture, focal length and ISO by itself.

The shooting effect is of course the best SLR (CCD size is much larger than consumer-grade DC! ), and you can change different lenses to take the photos you want according to your own needs, and the playability is higher, that is, the lenses are more expensive. If you are not burning friends, it is enough to buy a consumer digital camera.

Anti-camera SLR refers to single lens reflex, which is the most popular viewfinder system. Most 35mm cameras use this viewfinder. In this system, the unique design of the mirror and prism enables the photographer to directly observe the image passing through the lens from the viewfinder. Therefore, you can accurately see the same image that the film is about to "see". The core of the system is a movable mirror (as shown in the light blue part), which is placed in front of the film plane at an angle of 45. The light entering the lens is reflected upward by the mirror to a piece of ground glass. Early SLR cameras had to hold the camera waist-high and look down at the ground glass. Although the image on the ground glass is upright, it is upside down. In order to correct this defect, the current eye-level SLR cameras are equipped with a pentaprism above the frosted glass. This prism reflects light many times to change the light path and send the image to the eyepiece. At this time, the ground image is upright up and down, and corrected left and right. When framing, most of the light entering the camera is reflected upward by the reflector to the pentaprism. Shutters of SLR cameras are almost always directly in front of the film (because they are located in the film plane, they are called focal plane shutters). When framing, the shutter is closed and no light reaches the film. Press the shutter button, the reflector quickly turns up to get out of the way, at the same time, the shutter opens, the light reaches the film, and the shooting is completed. Then, the mirrors in most cameras will be reset immediately. [Edit this paragraph] Edit this paragraph] Edit this paragraph ]DSLR, digital SLR camera, or digital SLR camera, refers to a single-lens reflex digital camera, that is, DSLR for short for digital digital Digital, which is single-lens reflex, and its photosensitive device is CCD or CMOS. This kind of camera is usually big and heavy. In the working system of SLR digital camera, after the light reaches the reflector through the lens, it refracts to the focusing screen above to form an image. Through the eyepiece and pentaprism, we can see the scenery outside in the observation window. In contrast, ordinary digital cameras can only see the captured images through the LCD screen or electronic viewfinder (EVF). Obviously, the directly seen image is more conducive to shooting than the processed image. Working principle diagram of SLR camera When shooting in DSLR, when the shutter button is pressed, the mirror will bounce up, and the shutter curtain in front of the photosensitive element (CCD or CMOS) will be opened at the same time, and the light passing through the lens will be projected onto the photosensitive original, and then the rear mirror will be restored immediately, and the image can be seen in the viewfinder. This structure of the single-lens reflex camera ensures that it is shot through the lens, so that the image seen in the viewfinder is always consistent with the image on the film, and its framing range is basically consistent with the actual shooting range, which is very conducive to intuitive framing and composition. In the SLR system, the unique design of the mirror and prism enables the photographer to directly observe the image passing through the lens from the viewfinder. It can be seen from the structural diagram of a single-lens reflex camera that the light passes through the lens and reaches the reflector, and then refracts to the focusing screen above to form an image. Through the eyepiece and pentaprism, we can see the scenery outside in the observation window. The illumination light passes through the lens (1) and is reflected by the mirror (2) to the frosted viewfinder screen (5). After passing through the convex lens (6) and reflecting in the pentaprism (7), the final image appears in the view frame (8). When the shutter is pressed, the mirror moves in the direction indicated by the arrow, the mirror (2) is picked up, and the image is photographed on the CCD(4), which is consistent with what is seen on the viewfinder screen. [1][ Edit this paragraph] Edit this paragraph] The number of pixels, and more importantly, increase the size of CCD or CMOS. Whether using CCD or CMOS, the sensor size of digital SLR cameras is much larger than that of ordinary digital cameras. Therefore, the number of sensor pixels of digital SLR is not only relatively large (at present, the minimum is 6 million), but also the area of a single pixel is four or five times that of a civil digital camera, so it has a very good cost performance and can record a wide brightness range. The image quality of a 6-megapixel digital SLR camera definitely exceeds that of an 8-megapixel 2/3-inch CCD camera. 2, rich lens selection Digital camera is a product of optical, mechanical and electrical integration, and the performance of optical imaging system is also very important to the final imaging effect. Having an excellent lens is as important for imaging as the choice of image sensor. At the same time, with the cost reduction of image sensor, image engine and storage equipment, the proportion of optical lens in the cost of digital camera is also increasing. This is especially true for digital SLR. In the choice of traditional SLR cameras, the richness and imaging quality of lens groups are important factors in the choice of film friends. In the digital age, the retention rate of lens group naturally becomes the basis of brand competition. Canon, Nikon and other brands have huge autofocus lens groups, from super wide angle to super telephoto, from macro to soft focus, users can choose matching lenses according to their own needs. At the same time, due to the large sensor area, it is easier for digital SLR cameras to obtain excellent imaging. More importantly, many photographers generally have one or two or even a dozen professional lenses, all of which are purchased by photographers with their hard-earned money. If they buy a digital SLR camera body, the lens will be revitalized at once, and they will form two complementary film and digital systems with the original traditional film camera. 3, fast response speed The biggest problem of ordinary digital cameras is that the shutter time lag is long, and if you don't master it well, you will often miss the most exciting moment. Response speed is the advantage of digital SLR. Because their focusing system is independent of imaging equipment, they can basically achieve the same response speed as traditional SLR, which makes users handy in news and sports photography. At present, Canon's EOS1D Mark Ⅱ and Nikon D2H can reach the continuous shooting speed of 8 frames per second, which is comparable to traditional film cameras. 4, excellent hand control ability Although the camera's automatic shooting function is getting stronger and stronger today, a user who has certain requirements for photography will not only be satisfied with shooting in automatic mode because of the ever-changing environment and shooting objects. This requires that digital cameras also have the ability of manual adjustment, so that users can adjust according to different situations to achieve the best shooting effect. Therefore, the function of manual adjustment has become an essential function of digital SLR and a professional representative. Exposure and white balance are two important aspects in many manual functions. When the automatic metering system cannot accurately judge the light and color temperature of the shooting environment, users need to judge according to their own experience and make mandatory adjustments manually to achieve good shooting results. This is also the embodiment of the professionalism of digital SLR. For example, EOS 10D can adjust the color temperature value on the basis of 100K every time to help users get the best effect. 5. An important difference between digital SLR and ordinary digital camera is its strong expansibility. In addition to continuing to use additional lenses such as polarizers and interchangeable lenses, you can also use auxiliary equipment such as professional flashlights to enhance your ability to adapt to various environments. For example, high-power flash, ring macro flash, battery handle, timing remote controller, these rich accessories make digital SLR adapt to various unique needs, while ordinary digital cameras are greatly inferior. [Edit this paragraph] How to choose a digital SLR camera DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflective Camera) is it necessary for ordinary family players? DSLR digital SLR is the pursuit of professional users (journalists, photographers) and photographers! Compared with consumer-grade DC, there is a big gap between DSLR and consumer-grade DC: DSLR brings larger dynamic range (signal-to-noise ratio), replaceable lens, better imaging quality, shorter shutter lag, faster operation and processing speed, more realistic framing, faster continuous shooting speed and more professional control, which are incomparable to consumer-grade DC. The biggest problem is that the size and weight are larger than those of consumer digital cameras, and accessories such as lens flash filter make digital cameras inconvenient to carry. The second problem is that the CCD/CMOS chip of digital SLR camera is easy to be contaminated with dust. Olympus E- 1 can remove the dust on the surface of CCD/CMOS chip by ultrasonic device, but other brands of digital SLR cameras are still helpless to dust, which seriously affects the imaging quality and service life. Therefore, Sony F828/ Minolta A2/ Fuji S7000 and other quasi-professional digital cameras will still have strong vitality due to the convenience of "traveling around the world with one mirror", although they are facing a huge blow from the public SLR digital cameras. 1. although there are some "selling points" differences in technical details, it can be considered that there is no difference in essence and no need to study it carefully. 2. Focusing speed, shutter lag and continuous shooting speed are very important for news photography, sports photography, wildlife photography and snapshot photography. For digital SLR cameras, the improvement of performance is accompanied by a sharp increase in price. 3. Life of the fuselage The shutter life of a general SLR camera is 50,000 times, the life of a high-end SLR camera can reach 8-65438+ 10,000 times, and the longest life of a professional SLR camera can reach more than150,000 times. In actual use, if the high-speed continuous shooting function is often used, the shutter life will be reduced. The service life of LCD screen is about 1000 hours. Reflective framing system is a component that affects the life of digital SLR cameras. Frequent and high-load use can easily lead to the failure of reflective frame system. 4. The camera with high reliability will be dustproof, waterproof and impact-resistant. Because of the metal body and special materials, the price of such a camera will be high. 5. Color space In addition to sRGB as the standard color space for Windows and inkjet printers, you can also choose Adobe RGB, which is more widely used. You can choose the best color space according to the purpose of photography. 6. Flash system For professional photographers, the metering and exposure system of flash is very important. In the automation of flash system, each manufacturer has its own unique skills. There is no best or worst, only the best. 7. The advantage of lens group digital SLR camera is that it can change lenses. Whether the original lens series support and the products of independent lens manufacturers are rich enough to meet your needs is a problem worthy of attention. 8. Do you support W/A reading and writing acceleration technology? All digital SLR cameras released after the fall of 2003 will support W/A reading and writing acceleration technology. With this technology, the speed of reading and writing CF cards can reach more than 40 times (6MB/S). 9. Transmission Interface Digital SLR cameras released after the fall of 2003 should have both USB2.0 and 1394 firewire terminals. Some cameras should also support wireless network transmission such as 802. 1 1b/g and Bluetooth. 10. Photosensitive sensitivity and noise suppression Higher sensitivity and better noise suppression are our pursuit. 1 1. Shutter Maximum shutter speed and slowest shutter speed (B-door) are two key indexes of digital SLR camera shutter. The reliability and accuracy of the shutter also need attention. The highest flash synchronization speed is also a sign to measure whether a digital SLR camera is advanced or not. 12. whether the handle, shape and weight of the fuselage are suitable or not is often the most important place to decide to buy a SLR camera. Regardless of the price, the size and weight of professional digital SLR cameras are not acceptable to everyone. Small and lightweight amateur digital SLR cameras are more suitable for ordinary people. 13. Psychology often plays a decisive role in the end, and rational consumption is very important. Summary: At present, digital SLR cameras are monopolized by a few manufacturers, and it is an absolute truth in the field of digital SLR cameras to get what you pay for. In order to meet the high-load and high-intensity professional photography, it is best to choose an expensive digital SLR camera. If it's just hobbies and fun, it's best to choose economy. SLR camera

DSLR digital cameras refer to single-lens reflex digital cameras, that is, digital digital, single-lens, lens reflex and reflex. At present, the common SLR digital camera brands on the market are Nikon, Canon, Pentax, Fuji and so on.

Working principle:

In the working system of SLR digital camera, after the light reaches the reflector through the lens, it refracts to the focusing screen above to form an image. Through the eyepiece and pentaprism, we can see the scenery outside in the observation window. In contrast, ordinary digital cameras can only see the captured images through the LCD screen or electronic viewfinder (EVF). Obviously, the directly seen image is more conducive to shooting than the processed image.

When shooting in DSLR, press the shutter button, the reflector will pop up, and the shutter curtain in front of the photosensitive element (CCD or CMOS) will be opened at the same time, and the light passing through the lens will be projected onto the photosensitive original, and then the rear reflector will be restored immediately, and the image can be seen in the viewfinder. This structure of the single-lens reflex camera ensures that it is shot through the lens, so that the image seen in the viewfinder is always consistent with the image on the film, and its framing range is basically consistent with the actual shooting range, which is very conducive to intuitive framing and composition.

Main features:

A major feature of SLR digital cameras is that they can change lenses of different specifications, which is an inherent advantage of SLR cameras and incomparable to ordinary digital cameras.

In addition, the SLR digital camera is now located in the high-end products of digital cameras, so the area of the photosensitive element (CCD or CMOS) related to the photographic quality of digital cameras is much larger than that of ordinary digital cameras, which makes the photosensitive area of each pixel of SLR digital cameras far larger than that of ordinary digital cameras, so each pixel can show a more detailed brightness and color range, which makes the photographic quality of SLR digital cameras significantly higher than that of ordinary digital cameras and card cameras.

There is no clear concept of card camera in the industry. Only those small shapes, relatively thin bodies and ultra-thin and fashionable designs are the main standards to measure this kind of digital cameras. Among them, Sony T series, Olympus AZ 1 and Casio Z series should all belong to this field.

Main features:

Card digital camera can be carried around, not bulky; Put them in the pocket of a suit on formal occasions, which will not deform the coat; Ladies' handbags are no longer difficult to find space to squeeze; On other occasions, it is acceptable to put the camera in the pocket of jeans or simply hang it around your neck.

Although their functions are not powerful, the most basic exposure compensation function is the standard configuration of ultra-thin digital cameras. Coupled with the area or spot metering mode, these little things can sometimes complete some photography creation. At least you can basically control the exposure of the picture, plus the options of color, clarity and contrast, many beautiful photos can also come from these little things that are despised by the "masters".

The difference between card camera and other cameras:

Advantages: stylish appearance, large LCD screen, small and slim body, easy to operate.

Disadvantages: the manual function is weak, the large LCD screen consumes a lot of power and the lens performance is poor.