Organic fertilizer production

Fermentation principle of organic fertilizer? Fermentation principle of organic fertilizer? What strains are used? What's the role? -

Principle: Any qualified and high-quality organic fertilizer must be fermented by composting. Composting is a process of degrading and stabilizing organic matter under certain conditions through the action of microorganisms, and producing products suitable for land use. (1) Transformation of organic matter during composting. This transformation can be summarized into two processes under the action of microorganisms: one is the mineralization process of organic matter, that is, the complex organic matter is decomposed into simple substances, and finally carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide are generated. The other is the humification process of organic matter, that is, the decomposition and synthesis of organic matter produce more complex special organic matter-humus. These two processes are carried out simultaneously, but in opposite directions. Under different conditions, the intensity of each process is obviously different. (2) Transformation of heavy metals during composting. Municipal sludge is rich in nutrients and organic matter needed for crop growth, and it is one of the best raw materials for composting and fermentation. However, municipal sludge often contains heavy metals. These heavy metals generally refer to mercury, chromium, cadmium, lead, arsenic and so on. Microorganisms, especially bacteria and fungi, play an important role in the biotransformation of heavy metals. What kind of bacteria are used: bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are the main microbial species involved in the composting process. These three kinds of microorganisms have psychrophiles and thermophilic bacteria. Function: Composting is an ancient and simple method to treat organic waste and make fertilizer. With the deepening of research and improvement of methods, many countries attach great importance to its role, because it has good ecological significance and brings benefits to agricultural production. Many reports have pointed out that the preparation of seed seedbed with decomposed compost can inhibit soil-borne diseases, and the antagonistic bacteria that follow after the high temperature stage of composting process can make the number of bacteria reach a high level. Under the action of microorganisms, all organic matter in the composting process has reached a state of being difficult to decompose, stable and easily absorbed by crops; At the same time, the role of microorganisms can reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in a certain range. It can be seen that composting is a simple and effective method to make bio-organic fertilizer, which is beneficial to the development of ecological agriculture. I wish you a happy life.

What are the production methods of organic fertilizer?

Annual output of granular organic fertilizer1-30,000 tons. The technology and process design can produce 65,438+0-30,000 tons of granular organic fertilizer annually.

The production line is designed according to the production capacity of 5~ 15t/ h, and the rotary table granulation process is adopted. The moisture content of organic fertilizer products is 20%, the average moisture content of livestock manure is 60-80%, the moisture content of auxiliary materials is 30%, and the dry matter consumption rate in composting process is 8%.

The auxiliary materials mainly include weathered coal, oil shale, straw, waste base material of edible fungi, sawdust, dregs and sludge. 1. Estimation of livestock manure output (1). The adult cattle in the cattle farm produce 35 kg of dung every day, and the calves produce 2 1 kg. Three calves count as an adult cow.

The average inventory is 6 tons per person per year. (2) In the sheep farm, adult sheep produce 2. 7 kilograms of feces, raised sheep produce 2. 3kg。 Three lambs count as a sheep.

The average stock is 0.7 tons/head/year. (3) The daily output of adult pigs in pig farms is 7~ 1 1 kg.

Calculated by 8 kilograms per day, the average stock is 2.4 tons/head/year. (4) The daily output of adult chickens in the chicken farm is 0. 15 kg, with an average of 4.5 tons per thousand chickens per year. Second, the composting production process At present, aerobic composting-strip heap fermentation technology is mostly used to produce organic fertilizer from livestock manure, including raw material pretreatment, fermentation, aging and other processes.

That is, under the condition of natural ventilation, compound microbial starter is added to the material, and it is stacked on the ground in a flat strip after fermentation. According to the internal temperature of the pile, the pile is turned over in time by mechanical control, and the powdery bio-organic fertilizer is produced by ventilation, fermentation, drying and screening in the after-ripening stage; Or granulating to produce granular organic fertilizer (spherical or cylindrical particles) according to market demand.

The fermentation of materials should be carried out in the workshop or greenhouse, and oxygen should be supplied by turning over the pile to facilitate the aerobic microorganisms to play their roles. In general, the height and width of the material pile shall not exceed 1 m and 3 m respectively.

At the initial stage of composting, 1~3 d, because the oxygen content of the material can basically meet the needs of microorganisms, aerobic microorganisms first decompose Corruptible organics, then absorb C and N nutrients that decompose organic matter, some nutrients are used for microbial self-reproduction, and the rest nutrients are decomposed into CO2 and H2O, and at the same time release heat to raise the temperature of the reactor. When the temperature is 25~45℃, mesophilic microorganisms are more active; With the continuous increase of the heap temperature, when the temperature is between 45℃ and 65℃, thermophilic microorganisms such as thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes gradually dominate, thermophilic microorganisms are inhibited or even die, and the decomposition of organic matter is accelerated, so that the heap temperature rises rapidly to 60℃ or higher. At this time, in addition to perishable organic matter, some cellulose and lignin are gradually decomposed and humus begins to form.

Practice has proved that the composting temperature is above 60℃ for 3 d, which can kill parasite eggs, pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds in the materials, thus achieving the purpose of harmless treatment. But at the same time, the composting temperature should not exceed 70℃, otherwise it will cause the dormancy and even death of beneficial microorganisms. The degradation of organic matter is mainly completed in the above fermentation stage, and the fermentation time varies with different raw materials and fermentation conditions. In general, the fermentation of materials should be completed within10 ~ 20 d.

If the parameters of fermentation process can be effectively controlled, the fermentation efficiency and product quality can be improved. On the basis of this fermentation, with the decrease of compost temperature, thermophilic microorganisms became active again, and compost entered the secondary fermentation, which can be called post-aging stage.

This is conducive to the decomposition of all refractory organic substances into relatively stable organic substances such as humus and amino acids, which greatly improves the fertilizer efficiency. 3. The pretreatment of composting production process takes livestock manure as the main raw material. Because of its high water content, it is necessary to add a certain proportion of weathered coal, oil shale, straw, edible fungi waste base material and so on. As a conditioner, a certain proportion of strains are added, mixed and adjusted to a proper water content (45 %~55%) and C/ N ratio (15~30), mixed and stirred evenly, and piled.

Turning the pile and stirring, stirring and aerating for fermentation; When the temperature rises to 50~65℃, it can effectively kill germ eggs in raw materials and evaporate a lot of water. Temperature control regularly detects the temperature, humidity and air permeability of the fermentation pile every day.

During the fermentation process, due to the action of microorganisms, the content of organic matter, moisture, temperature, C/ N ratio and p H value in the pile will change, which needs to be detected and adjusted regularly. Generally, the principle of "time to non-isothermal, temperature to non-isothermal" is followed, that is, the heap should be turned regularly in the low temperature stage of the early fermentation; When the temperature reaches about 65℃ at the high temperature stage in the middle stage of fermentation, the pile should be turned over in time to make the pile temperature not exceed 70℃.

After high-temperature fermentation, the treated materials after fermentation are basically harmless, most of the soluble organic matter has been transformed, and the biochemical speed is gradually slowed down, which can be piled up to accelerate ripening, promote the stability of organic matter and save fermentation space. The height of secondary compost pile is 2 m, and the pile width and length are determined according to the workshop conditions, and the time is 5 ~ 7 days.

Every once in a while, the bottom of the pile can be ventilated by blowing air, and if necessary, holes can be punched on the pile regularly with long wooden sticks. Secondary composting completes the complete degradation of organic matter and transforms it into stable humus.

The maturity of compost fermentation can be evaluated by physical, chemical and biochemical indexes according to the self-inspection ability. Four. Product production process The production process of compost and organic fertilizer is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

Figure 1 Compost Production Flowchart V. Product characteristics and technical indicators The appearance is brown to dark brown. Tasteless or fermented with wine flavor, no peculiar smell.

Main indicators: total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥4%, organic matter ≥30%, moisture ≤20%, effective functional bacteria ≥ 60 million ∕ g, egg killing rate ≥95%, coliform group ≤ 100/g.

The content of harmful heavy metals in heavy metals is lower than the national standard. 6. The factory planning and production facilities follow the principles of optimizing the environment, benefiting production, saving land, facilitating management, facilitating life and moderately beautifying, and the storage yard, fermentation field, deep processing workshop and office area are centrally planned in the target site.

1, the storage yard is determined according to the proportion of main and auxiliary raw materials, with sedimentation tank, and about 500m2 is generally a light steel sandwich color plate structure factory building. 2. The water content in the fermentation field is 50 %~60%, and the finished fertilizer is about 3m3 1 ton.

Because the fermentation time of materials is not less than 7 d, in order to ensure continuous production, the fermentation farm should at least meet the needs of 10 d production, and the fermentation farm should accommodate 1000 m3 materials. The fermentation field occupies the ground net.

What is the production method of bio-organic fertilizer?

3. Proportion of raw materials: main materials: auxiliary materials =5: 1-3: 1.

4, water content control in 60-65%, the material by hand, just out of the water. 5. Mix all strains, main ingredients and auxiliary materials evenly as required.

6. The ambient temperature is above 15℃, and at least 4 square meters shall be stacked at a time with a width of 1. 5~2 meters, 0.

6 meters, unlimited pile length, and use a stick to make a vent hole in the pile. 7. When the reactor temperature rises to 50℃, it starts to turn once a day. If the reactor temperature exceeds 65℃, it will overturn again.

If the temperature is controlled below 70℃, too high a temperature will affect the nutrients. 8. Maturity sign: the temperature of the pile is reduced, the material is loose, there is no original smell of the material, there is a slight ammonia smell, and white hyphae are produced in the pile.

9. Rotten raw fertilizer: directly used to produce commercial organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. Note: ① The total moisture of fermentation mixture should be controlled at 60~65% according to the increase or decrease ratio of moisture.

Too high or too low is not conducive to fermentation, too little water, slow fermentation; Too much water will lead to poor ventilation, slow temperature rise and odor. The method to judge whether the moisture content is appropriate: hold a handful of materials tightly, and when you see a watermark between your fingers, it won't drip, but it will disperse when you land.

② If 1kg urea or1kg calcium peracid is added per ton, the fermentation effect will be better. .

What are the production methods of bio-organic fertilizer?

1, and the general dosage of bacteria is 0.

2% - 0。 5%。

2. Raw materials and requirements: main raw materials: fruit residue, bagasse, edible fungus residue, distiller's grains, beer residue, sugar residue, vinegar residue, starch residue, cassava residue, citric acid residue, soy sauce residue, monosodium glutamate residue, powder residue, bean curd residue, vegetable residue, oil residue, bran, cotton rapeseed residue, moldy feed, sludge and beer residue in sugar factories. Accessories: all kinds of crop straws, leaf weeds, melons and vines, straw, pine nut shells, peanut shells, sawdust, bran powder, chaff, etc. It is dry, crushed and high carbon.

3. Proportion of raw materials: main materials: auxiliary materials =5: 1-3: 1. 4, water content control in 60-65%, the material by hand, just out of the water.

5. Mix all strains, main ingredients and auxiliary materials evenly as required. 6. The ambient temperature is above 15℃, and at least 4 square meters shall be stacked at a time with a width of 1.

5~2 meters, 0. 6 meters, unlimited pile length, and use a stick to make a vent hole in the pile.

7. When the reactor temperature rises to 50℃, it starts to turn once a day. If the reactor temperature exceeds 65℃, it will overturn again. If the temperature is controlled below 70℃, too high a temperature will affect the nutrients.

8. Maturity sign: the temperature of the pile is reduced, the material is loose, there is no original smell of the material, there is a slight ammonia smell, and white hyphae are produced in the pile. 9. Rotten raw fertilizer: directly used to produce commercial organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

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