Types of stone

The architectural finish stone can be roughly divided into: granite, marble, sandstone, slate, artificial stone and other five categories.

Granite

1, the formation: granite is formed by underground magma ejections and intrusion of cooling crystallization, as well as granitic metamorphic rocks.

2, composition: granite is mainly composed of silica, the content of which is about 65% -85%.

3, chemical properties: the chemical properties of granite is weakly acidic.

4, structure; the structure of granite is usually point-like structure, the particles are more coarse (refers to silica), the surface pattern distribution is more regular, high hardness.

5, due to the special conditions of the formation of granite and firm structural characteristics, so that it has the following unique properties:

(1) has good decorative properties, can be applied to public **** places and outdoor decoration.

(2) It has excellent processing performance: sawing, cutting, grinding, drilling, engraving and so on. Its processing precision can be up to 0.5μm or less, and the luminosity is more than 1600.

(3) Good wear resistance, 5-10 times higher than cast iron.

(4) Small coefficient of thermal expansion, not easy to deform, similar to indium steel, very little affected by temperature.

(5) High modulus of elasticity, higher than cast iron.

(6) Good rigidity, large internal damping coefficient, 15 times larger than steel. Can be anti-vibration, shock absorption.

(7) granite has brittle, damaged only localized shedding, does not affect the overall flatness.

(8) granite is chemically stable, not easy to weather, can resist acid, alkali and corrosive gases, its chemical properties and the content of silica is proportional to the service life of up to about 200 years.

(9) granite has a non-conductive, non-conductive magnetic, field stability.

And so on, many excellent properties.

Marble

1, formation: marble is formed by sedimentary rocks and sedimentary rocks of metamorphic rocks, usually accompanied by biological remains of the texture.

2, composition: the main component is calcium carbonate, the content of which is about 50% -75% . Some marble contains a certain amount of silica, some do not contain silica.

3, nature: weak alkaline.

4, structure: fine particles (refers to calcium carbonate), the distribution of surface streaks is generally more irregular, lower hardness.

5, the composition of the marble is extremely structural characteristics of its performance as follows:

(1) excellent decorative properties, marble does not contain radiation and colorful, colorful, widely used in indoor wall, floor decoration.

(2) excellent processing performance: sawing, cutting, grinding, drilling, carving and so on.

(3) marble has good abrasion resistance, not easy to aging, its service life is generally about 50-80 years.

(4) In industry, marble is widely used. For example: for raw materials, purifying agents, metallurgical solvents.

(5) Marble has the characteristics of non-conductive, non-conductive, field stability and so on.

Sandstone

1, formation: sandstone, also known as sandstone, is due to the earth's crustal movement, sand grains and cement (siliceous material, calcium carbonate, clay, iron oxide, calcium sulfate, etc.) by a long period of time after a huge pressure compression bonding and the formation of a kind of sedimentary rock.

2, composition: the main component is sand (silica) content of more than 65%, cement.

3, nature: weakly acidic.

4, structure: sand and gravel particles are uniform, fine texture, loose structure, so the water absorption rate is higher (in the defense

protection when the cost is higher), with sound insulation, moisture absorption, resistance to breakage, weathering resistance, fade resistance, water does not melt, non-radioactive and other characteristics.

5, sandstone can not be polished, is a matte stone, so it reveals the natural form, containing rich cultural connotations. Sandstone in the decoration shows a plain, warm, and without losing the noble atmosphere of a warm color tone of the decorative style, according to the characteristics of this type of stone, commonly used in indoor and outdoor wall decorations, home furnishings, carvings, works of art, garden construction materials.

6, the hardness of sandstone and its causes are inherently linked. Some high-quality sandstone, the structure is very close, its hardness even more than granite. In terms of durability, sandstone can be comparable to marble, granite. Many of the buildings that were built with sandstone a century or two ago are still standing today.

Slate

1, formation: slate is also a sedimentary rock, the formation of the same as sandstone.

2, composition: the composition is mainly silica. Its characteristics can be acid-resistant. According to the composition of slate can be divided into three major types of slate:

(1) carbonate slate: its composition of silica content of less than 40%, aluminum oxide content of less than 10%, calcium oxide content of less than 15%, magnesium oxide content of less than 10%, iron oxide content of 3% -7%.

(2) clay-type slate: its composition is mainly sericite, illite, chlorite, kaolin and other clay minerals, which accounted for more than 80% of the mineral composition of the slate, its silica content of more than 50%, more than 12% of aluminum trioxide content, calcium oxide content of less than 10%, magnesium oxide content of less than 5%, and its ferric oxide content is higher than the carbonate-type slate.

(3) carbonaceous, siliceous slate: the mineral composition of the clay-type slate and carbonate-type slate between, due to the degree of silicification is strong, high silica content, the stone is quite hard, darker.

3, nature: into a weak acidic.

4, structure; the structure of the slate is manifested as a sheet or block, fine particles, particle size between 0.9-0.001mm usually cryptocrystalline structure, more dense, and most of the directional arrangement, the rock cleavage is very well developed thickness of uniform, moderate hardness, water absorption rate is small. Its life expectancy is generally about 100 years.

The color of slate is mostly monochromatic. Such as: gray, yellow, green-gray, green, cyan, black, maroon, red, fuchsia and so on. Because of the single color innocence, in terms of decoration, gives a person a sense of elegance and generosity. Slate is generally no longer polished, showing the natural form, the formation of natural beauty.

Therefore, sandstone and slate color is better than marble and granite, and its decoration is also commonly used in a number of cultural connotations of the place.

Artificial stone

Artificial marble

1, formation: artificial.

2, composition: composed of modified resin and crushed stone.

3, properties: neutral or alkaline.

4, structure: artificial stone structure is dense, so the pores are small, the probability of its disease is very small, as far as protection is concerned, mainly anti-fouling. The advantage is that the color can be adjusted, conducive to decorative finishes. The disadvantage is that the hardness is not enough, the luminosity is not consistent.

Microcrystalline stone

1, the formation of: microcrystalline stone is also a kind of artificial stone, is by the role of minerals containing silicon oxide at high temperatures, the surface of the glass and the formation of a kind of artificial stone.

2, composition: the main component is silicon oxide.

3, nature: acidic.

4, structure: the structure is very dense, its luminosity and abrasion resistance are better than granite and marble, not easy to disease.

Because of the microcrystalline stone hardness is too high, and there are tiny bubble holes exist, is not conducive to the renovation of grinding treatment.

Glass tile

1, the formation: glass tile, also known as through-body tiles, glass stone, polished tiles, the professional call is porcelain glass stone. It is made of quartz sand, mud firing, and then polished with abrasives bright, the surface is as translucent and smooth as a mirror.

2, nature: weakly acidic.

3, structural characteristics:

(1), colorful and soft, no obvious color difference.

(2), high-temperature sintering, completely porcelain generated mullite and other crystals, physical and chemical properties are stable, corrosion-resistant, stain-resistant,

(3), the thickness of the relatively thin, high flexural strength, lightweight bricks, the building load reduction.

(4), no harmful elements.

(5), flexural strength greater than 45Mpa (granite flexural strength is about 17-20Mpa).