What are the artistic features of Henan Opera Symphony?

Henan opera has always been a great singer, and the key points of the plot have big-board singing. The singing is fluent, rhythmic and colloquial. Generally speaking, the articulation is clear, the lines are smooth, and the audience can easily hear it, which shows its unique artistic charm. First of all, the style of Henan opera is full of passionate masculinity, and it is good at expressing grand scenes with strong emotional power; Secondly, it is rich in local characteristics, simple and popular, and naturally close to the lives of ordinary people; Thirdly, the rhythm is clear and powerful, the contradictions and conflicts are sharp, the story begins and ends, and the characters are angular.

The stage installation of the early Henan Opera performance is very simple, only a reed mat and a foil are needed, and a table and two chairs on the stage can start the performance. Those who beat gongs and drums also serve as "inspection points" After entering the city, with a fixed theater, the stage equipment has been improved. Yusheng Theater has adopted some curtains and scenery, and Dan Jiao's costumes pay attention to "Old Danqing, Zheng Danjun, Hua Dan Romantic". Since then, influenced by Beijing opera costumes, it is basically the same as Beijing opera costumes.

The traditional craft of Henan Opera has strong local characteristics of Henan. Constantly innovating in long-term artistic practice, creating from coarse to fine, from coarse to fine; From vulgarity to elegance, the performing arts are becoming more and more perfect. At the same time, a large number of artistically successful actors have emerged from all walks of life.

The music of Henan Opera belongs to the Bangzi acoustic cavity system, which is a banqiang type. According to Lvyuan Li's Qiludeng (1777) and Qixian Annals (1788), in the forty-two years of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, local Bangzi opera was popular in Kaifeng and Qixian, also known as "Bangzi". According to the legend of artists, the earliest educators of Henan Opera were Jiangmen and Xumen. Jiangmen is in Zhuxian Town, south of Kaifeng, and Xumen is in Ji Qinghe, east of Kaifeng. They also have classes. In the process of its development, Henan Opera has formed regional art schools with different styles due to the influence of local voices and folk music. That is, the "auspicious tone" centered on Kaifeng; "Eastern Henan Tune" centered on Shangqiu; "Western Henan Tune" centered on Luoyang (also known as "Xifu Tune"); "Sha Hetiao" was formed in Shahe area in southern Henan. Among them, "Xiangfu Tune" and "Shahe Tune" are similar to "Yudong Tune" in plate structure, mode, melody, rhythm, syntactic composition and pronunciation, so they are collectively called "Yudong Tune". Therefore, today's Henan Opera aria is generally divided into "Eastern Henan Tune" and "Western Henan Tune". Therefore, today's Henan Opera aria music is generally divided into "Eastern Henan Tune" and "Western Henan Tune", each with its own characteristics. The sound guide of "Yudong Tune" is "5", which is based on the phonology of Zhongzhou and Shangqiu and Kaifeng. In traditional singing, falsetto (two tunes) is often used. The voice is high and thin, with more coloratura, which is characterized by excitement, boldness, clarity and fancy. The vocal cord of "Yuxi tune" is "1", which is in Zhongzhou tune. In the early stage of the development of Henan Opera, these two major operas were "each playing its own horn and each singing its own tune". There was communication in the 1930s. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, we should get rid of the "open door concept", communicate with each other, learn from each other, learn from each other's strengths, and achieve mastery through a comprehensive study. The above is the traditional classification of different regions according to distribution in the past, including eastern Henan tune, enjoying happiness tune, Shahe tune and western Henan tune; In addition, according to the differences of vocal music in singing range, the first three categories are unified into Yudong tune, commonly known as "Shangwuyin". Corresponding to these is the western Henan tune with a low range, commonly known as the "next five tones".

The vocal music structure of Henan Opera belongs to plate variation, which has four types: Adagio, Erba, Liuban and Sanban. Erbaban is the most expressive and varied of the four major plates of Henan Opera. In addition to Baer's basic board, it can also be divided into slow 28 board, medium 28 board, 28 board, fast 28 board, tight 28 board, tight 28 board and slow singing. It got its name because it used to be composed of two eight boards (eight bars) that were reused. With the continuous enrichment of performance content, this fixed and rigid program has been broken through. Today's Er Ba Ban combines the singing methods of the two major schools, namely, Eastern Henan Tune and Western Henan Tune, and can form hundreds of large aria with two-quarter beats at a time, which are mainly used for narration. It can also change according to the needs of the plot and the emotional changes of the characters, which can not only show bright, lively and happy, but also show anxious, nervous, angry and sad scenes. In addition, Balban can also be derived from big mouth, dog bite, kicking, folding boards, moving benches and so on.

Flexboard includes Flexboard, Golden Hook, Anti-Golden Hook and Windward Board. Generally speaking, it is a three-eye board with 4/4 beats. The singing of the upper and lower sentences starts from the middle eye and falls on the board. The intonation of the former sentence is relatively free, and the intonation of the latter sentence is different from that of eastern and western Henan. Adagio is one of the commonly used plates in Henan Opera singing. Its prelude has many forms, among which the most commonly used are "six rings", "four rings", "four rings" and "one ring against the wind". The cavity form of adagio can be divided into whole board and scattered board. The whole board is called "the first sentence cavity", and the scattered board is to sing the first sentence (the last sentence) as "planting the board" or "lifting the board" and enter the [soft board] from the second sentence (the next sentence). The basic structure of ordinary sentences in adagio is to divide an aria into two clauses with a small door in the middle; After the whole sentence is sung, there is a falling "eight tones" at the end of the sentence (it can also be reduced to four tones or completely omitted). In addition to the above-mentioned basic structural forms, the linear cavity of the flexible board also has a variety of flower cavities caused by local changes. The first sentence has "first sentence cavity" and "three sentence cavity", and the next sentence has "single board" and "double board". The cavity closing of {Adagio} is also called "lock board", and its basic structure is the same as that of the ordinary next sentence, except that the cavity closing speed gradually slows down, and there is a short door with the sound of closing the cavity. The speed of adagio is flexible. According to the different emotions of its content, it can be fast, medium and slow three.

Running board is also one of the boards commonly used in Henan opera, which is divided into running board, jogging board, running board and running board. Singing is generally in the form of attracting attention and attracting attention. Different speeds can be changed as needed. The melody is free and flexible, the melody is smooth, and the rhythm jumps, which is suitable for both cheerful and lively scenes and depressing sad emotions. It also derived cribbing, two gong drills and so on. Its main feature is that there are a lot of syncopation rhythms across bars in the melody. Whether it is the ups and downs of singing or the ups and downs of singing melody, most of them appear in the eye position. [Running board] The first sentence falls freely, and the next sentence falls "5" or "1". In the ordinary upper and lower sentence structure, with the fall of the last sentence of the aria, there is generally a voice that follows the cavity. Its introduction prelude is basically the same as [28 board], but the understanding of leaf spring head is different. There are many forms of opening and closing the cavity of the running water board. The key subsidiary boards of the running board mainly include the running board and the two gongs and two praises.

Flying board, also known as "non-board", has no board and no eyes, and its rhythm is free. It is an enduring singing method and belongs to the pine board category. In addition, there are white rolling, board planting and challenges. There are also three formats: cry rhyme, line rhyme and unique rhyme. "Cry Rhyme" expresses grief and sorrow; "Rhyme" is mostly used for vocalization and narration, while "Jueyun" is suitable for expressing decisive and passionate emotions. Generally speaking, the aria of flying board is relatively short, and four, six and eight sentences are transferred to other boards.

The lyrics of the above four genres are generally cross sentences of "334" or seven sentences of "223" meter. Sometimes some long and short sentences with different words are used. For example, clapping in Balban is based on five sentences, and rolling white in Feiban is a prose sentence with singing and white.

Henan opera has always been known for its singing skills, smooth singing and distinct rhythm. In recent years, most actors sing with real voices, so they can generally pronounce the words clearly and the audience can easily hear them clearly. Coupled with exquisite performance, true and touching, and easy-to-understand words, it has become the most attractive drama in Bangzi Opera. Today, Henan Opera is not only spread all over the province, but also spread to neighboring provinces and provinces, cities and autonomous regions such as Gansu, Qinghai, Tianjin, Jilin, Jiangsu, Xinjiang and Tibet, and many professional troupes have been established in various places.

The characteristics of Henan Bangzi Opera mainly focus on lyrics and dynamics, which is purely in line with the customs and habits of Henan. When it comes to being loved by the audience, it shows the vulgar relationship between people and things in customs and habits, and is integrated with the audience's life actions. Although a bit tacky, but vulgar style, vulgar taste. The lyrics of Henan opera should not be based on classical Chinese, but on the tone and rhythm of the drama. Its narrative is romantic, bittersweet, euphemistic and tortuous, reasonable and influential, mixed with dialects, which everyone can understand. Henan Opera has the advantages of enduring and being loved by the masses: (1) strong entertainment, the sound of gongs and drums, the pitch of stringed instruments, more people singing, less colloquial voices, male characters jumping around on the stage, and female characters twisting around on the stage. After working for many days, the working people will meet each other every year, and many people will huddle together and feel infinitely relaxed and happy. (2) Close to the masses, simple performance, real stage image closer to the real life of farmers, in line with the spleen taste of working people. (3) Easy to understand and learn. Simple tone, popular words, easy to understand and eager to learn. (4) It is a local opera that shows the people of Henan Province, with its loud and straightforward local accent and straightforward expression.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Henan Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On June 8, 2007, Henan Henan Henan Opera Theatre won the first Cultural Heritage Day Award from the Ministry of Culture.

There are too many introductions to the main Henan operas in the last edition, and all of them have hyperlinks. Friends who like that drama can get a better introduction with a click of the mouse, so I don't need to go into details here.

From the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), genre style was first popularized in Beijing Opera, and the name of the performer was taken as the symbol of genre, which just symbolized that individual performance style became a model in traditional opera. Critics, performers, playwrights and opera fans all began to comment on the artistic style of performers according to factions, and "genre" became an idiom. As far as its influence is concerned, there are other schools of Henan Opera, such as Pai Cheng, Shanghai School, Changzhou School, Cui School, Jinfeng School and Yan School, which are also often mentioned. The emergence of schools has a positive incentive significance for Henan Opera, and the performance characteristics of each school are an important factor that directly promotes the growth of Henan Opera. The following is a breakdown of the above factions:

1. Pai Cheng

Chen Suzhen was born in 19 18. His surname is Wang. He studied drama with his adoptive father, Mr. Chen Yuting, and later changed his name to Chen Suzhen, stepping into the world of Henan Opera performance. When it comes to schools of Henan Opera, we will first think of Pai Cheng. Chen Suzhen conquered the audience and critics with his simple, dignified and generous performance style and simple and beautiful voice. She has a delicate mind, is good at portraying characters and expressing them properly, sings well without exaggeration, and actively looks up to other operas to learn from each other's strengths for the performance of Henan Opera, thus opening up the performance style of "Pai Cheng". Therefore, the circle of Henan Opera praised her as "Mei Lanfang" and "Queen of Henan Opera". Chen Suzhen's representative works include The Frontline of the Universe, Getting on the Sedan, The Story of the Deer and Horse, The Spring and Autumn Competition, etc.

2. Long card

Chang Xiangyu, 1922, is a native of Donggou Village, Gongxian County, Henan Province. Thanks to the careful cultivation of her father, Mr. Zhang Fuxian, at the age of thirteen, she became popular in Kaifeng city with her ability of being both civil and military (singing well and fighting skill). Chang Xiangyu's performance not only has a broad voice and sharp martial arts, but also combines the characteristics of western and eastern Henan tunes in the harmony of Henan opera singing. Her innovative spirit enabled her to create a "conventional" performance art. Teacher Chang's representative plays include Matchmaker, Legend of the White Snake and Mulan.

3. Cui Pai

Cui Lantian, 1926, is a native of Cao County, Shandong Province. 1 1 years old, she entered Zhou Haishui to study drama. I was an old student at first, but later I changed to Dan Jiao. Thanks to her efforts, she became the representative of the famous actor "Eighteen Orchids" in western Henan. Cui Lantian's specialty is tragedy, and tragic characters are complex. Therefore, singing, chanting and gestures must be more delicate and true, in order to fully express the deep sadness and touching feelings of tragedy! The performance style of "Cui School" is developed on the basis of tragic performance. Her masterpieces include Peach Blossom Temple and Three Sedan Chairs.

"Qin Xianglian" ... and so on.

4. Horse brand

Ma Jinfeng, male, 1924, a native of Cao County, Shandong Province. At the age of six, he began to learn to sing Hebei Bangzi from his father, and later changed to sing Henan Opera. Ma Jinfeng's figure and appearance are great, especially the vocal cavity, with small voice and flexible sound quality; In particular, it requires clear articulation, easy-to-understand lyrics and "tune" when singing. When dealing with Erbanban singing, long juxtaposition and overlapping singing are often used to emphasize rhythm, which has become the main performance style of Ma School. Because I found a performance method that can give full play to my own characteristics, the Institute.

Ma Jinfeng's success lies in knowing himself by heart. Her representative plays include Mu in command, Hua Da Chao, Fireworks and so on.

5. Yan Pai

Yan Lipin was born in 1920. When I was nine years old, I studied drama, and my main learning goal was to be a lady professionally. The achievement brought by years of hard training is that I have brought the beauty of a lady to the extreme and become famous at one fell swoop. Yan Lipin has a deep understanding of expressing the delicate elegance of a lady's family. From the inside out, it shows the graceful and beautiful character style, and the sweet and moist singing beautifies the characters in the play. 1954 Mr. Mei Lanfang studied performing arts with his teacher. Yan school art has matured after combining Beijing Opera and Henan Opera. Teacher Yan's representative works include Qin Xuemei, Butterfly Cup and Jade Tiger Falling. 6. The representative of Sangpai Sangpai is Sang Zhenjun, who is smart, deep and tactful, graceful and rich. The singing skills of Sangpai art, such as stealing, flashing, sliding, grabbing, lining and falling, can be called a must. Mr. Sang Zhenjun is good at learning from others, but he doesn't learn from others. He deliberately sticks to his roots and strives for innovation. From some of her plays, careful people can get a glimpse of the colors of the four major Beijing operas. Representative works include: Beating Golden Branches, Peach Blossom Temple, Embroidered Shoes, Wolf Mountain, etc. Other schools, such as the Zhang School, the Song School and the Wang School, are also commendable.