The Formation of Gong Wei Village Settlement

We have noticed that it is no accident that Chabi, Queen of Yuan Shizu, chose her brother-in-law's tomb and family temple on the banks of the Gaoliang River in Gong Wei village. From the 19th year of Jin Shizong Dading (1 179) when the palace was built in the sorghum river system in the northeast suburb of Yanjing, the beautiful natural scenery and convenient transportation in this area were favored by the royal family, and the utilization of the sorghum river system was paid more and more attention. 1260 After Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, he adopted the dual capital system, and the political center moved south, traveling back and forth between Yanjing and Shangdu every year. At that time, Yanjing was very dilapidated because of the war, and Kublai Khan and Queen Chayu only lived in the suburbs of the Jin Dynasty and left the palace. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty, Qionghua Island and Wanshou Mountain Hall were built. Since then, the Dadu River has also been built in the northeast of Jinzhongdu, relying on the Gaoliang River system. Queen Chabi travels between Shangdu and Yanjing every year, and is no stranger to the geographical scenery of Gaolianghe area. Not only did she "buy the land of Gaoliang River in the west of Beijing" in Zhiyuan four years, but she also buried her brother-in-law Meng Susi. Three years later, she "built a Buddhist temple on the bank of Gaoliang River in the west of Beijing" [38]. None of this is accidental.

The emphasis on the beauty of the Gaoliang River is not limited to the royal family. In the 17th year of Yuan Dynasty (1280), Lian Xixian, the son-in-law and famous minister of Meng Susi, was also buried in Gaoliang River in the west of Beijing. "In the Spring and Autumn Period, he was buried in Wanpingxi." According to Charley in Qing Dynasty, until the early years of Qing Dynasty, there were residents with Lian surname in Wei Wu village. "There is the name of a village 80 miles outside Xizhimen, the capital of Beijing ... At that time, people who were afraid of me and people who lived together came from many places ... When their ancestors did not move to Yucai, they were all buried in this village ... According to records, even their family's cemetery should be in the village area.

In the 23rd year of Zhiyuan (1286), another senior official in Uighur, Dr. Jin Guanglu, was buried in Gaoliang River in the west of the city. Later, all members of the family were buried here. Their grandson, Xiao Yunshi Haiya, a famous scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, "lived in Qiantang since he was nine years old, from a scholar-bureaucrat to a child to a humble servant." On that day of the month, orphans were buried in analyzing their ancestors in Tianjin. "It is worth noting that the Ali Haiya family and even the family are also in-laws Xiao Yun Shi Yaya is the grandson of Lian Ximin, Lian Xixian's eldest brother.

To sum up, the cemeteries of the three Uighur tribes are all concentrated in the area of Gaolianghe, which is near today's Gong Wei Village. These three families are all from Beiting Biebali (now north of Jimsar County, Xinjiang) and are related by marriage. In Uyghur society, people have a strong sense of clan. They live in an oasis in the desert Gobi for a long time, with little mobility, and often one or several families live together. Even after coming to the Central Plains, this tradition has not changed. Due to the influence of clan concept, most Uighur families have their own family cemeteries. Influenced by China culture, this family cemetery has further developed.

In addition to the above three Uighur families, the cemetery of Qushu family, a noble family of Hallelu, was also chosen here by Yuan Renzong. "Renzong should be stationed outside the Yi and Yi gates, pointing to the tomb of Stuart, the great Timur, looking around and saying,' I have never forgotten to learn Mongolian characters from Stuart. I admire the merits of Bend Pivot, but also to live a long life, and to be adjacent to Stuart's land to show my ambition. "If you don't get your resignation, you will be ordered to pay Tang to the government for it. ], planting table, Weng Zhong and other types. Awkward. ..... has two sons, one is a dragon and the other is a king. ..... Taiding three years on June 29th, Wang Qiu was buried in the west gate of Shangdu ... One day, he was buried in Wanping County, west of the city. "

The addition of this Haralu clan has further expanded the cemeteries along the Gaoliang River, and we can also imagine the scale and luxury of several other family cemeteries through the records of this family cemetery, such as Xiangdi, Huabiao and LieWeng Zhong.

The Yuan government has detailed regulations on the size of official graves and civilian graves, saying: "One product, 300 steps per side; Second, 250 steps; Three products, two hundred steps; Four products, five products, one hundred and fifty steps; More than six products, a hundred steps. " In the Yuan Dynasty, a step was 5 feet, and an acre was 240 square meters. According to this calculation, the officials who bid can own about 375 mu, 260 mu, 167 mu, 94 mu and 42 mu of cemeteries respectively. There are several big families with cemeteries on the banks of the Gaoliang River, and several generations have senior officials. According to the above regulations, it can be speculated that their cemetery is huge. According to the above quotation, the cemeteries of these Uighur families are all located in today's Gong Wei Village. So, what is the relationship between these cemeteries and the formation of Wei Wu Village in Yuan Dynasty? It can be said that without these huge cemeteries, there would be no Uighur people living in a corner in the west of Beijing, and there would be no Wei Wu Village. Because it is neither a business circle nor a metropolis, the overall living conditions are far from perfect. In fact, it was the cemetery that led to the emergence of this settlement.

Regarding this phenomenon, the research results of urban history show that "respect for the dead is more powerful than real life to urge the ancients to seek a fixed gathering place and eventually form a continuous settlement." Mr. Yin, who has made great achievements in studying the history of Beijing, further pointed out: "There are many officials, nobles and famous families in Beijing, and these families are competing to buy incense graves or build granges in the suburbs of Beijing. ..... Once these powerful families set up cemeteries in the suburbs, they will send grave robbers to guard them. Because the graves are all in the fields outside the village, the grave keepers live near the graves. Over time, some small settlements have formed on a large number of graves scattered in suburban fields.

Uighurs' strong clan concept makes them maintain the family cemeteries that have been attacked from generation to generation, and they often spend a lot of money to build cemeteries. The family cemetery of Li Dongyang, a Han Chinese in the Ming Dynasty, still has a land of "more than 100 mu, surrounded by walls, which can lead to Shinto". From this, we can also look back at the scale of the Uighur aristocratic cemetery in the Yuan Dynasty. It is the existence of Uighur aristocratic cemetery that led to the gradual formation of Uighur settlements. The earliest residents here should be the grave keepers of the cemetery. When the population accumulates to a certain scale, it will snowball and accelerate development.

From the early Yuan Dynasty to the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1267) to the end of Yuan Dynasty (1368), Wei Wu Village had enough time to grow up slowly.