Who created the present morning and evening classes of Buddhism?

China's chanting instrument system originated from Daoan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and he formulated three rules for monks and nuns: first, the way of speaking in the incense seat (that is, the chanting instrument); Second, the method of eating and singing in the street at six o'clock on weekdays (that is, the porridge device used for reading in class); Third, Busa sent messengers to confess and other methods (that is, Dojo confessor). These three articles have a far-reaching influence on Buddhism and are the beginning of various legal affairs discussion systems later. Since the Song and Ming Dynasties, chanting in morning and evening classes, which has been widely practiced in monasteries, has also originated from this.

Later, the contents described in Morning Recitation, including the evening class Mengshan Diet, were mostly collected and written by Song people respectively. It can be seen that there were indeed some monasteries at that time, and even some areas practiced morning and evening classes, but it was not common, so it was not until the end of the Song Dynasty that it was clearly reflected in Xianchun Qinggui.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the recitation of morning and evening classes gradually took shape, and the scope of recitation spread all over schools, monasteries and believers at home, becoming a compulsory course in all jungles. For example, Ming Tongrong's "Two Training in the Jungle" stipulates: first, "don't miss classes in the morning and evening", the secretary "read with the public in the morning and evening", and the temple supervisor "don't miss classes in the morning and evening" and so on. At the end of the first episode of Lianchi's Regulations on Yun Qi's Mansions, it is stipulated: "Reciting in class in the morning, without trying to gain or lose, is lazy, and offenders will be punished by ten articles according to the law." There is also a regulation of "sleepy in the morning" under the chapter "Learning Classics" attached to the same book. Qing Yirun's Records of Hundred Zhang Qing Rules and Principles (Volume 8). The specific content of chanting in the morning and evening is further clarified, and it is stipulated in the Statute of Zen Hall that "those who do not follow the crowd when sitting and chanting, such as eating out of the slope".

Today's morning and evening recitations are mostly compiled in the Song Dynasty, but they were not common at that time. It was only after the Ming and Qing Dynasties that chanting scriptures day and night was widely practiced in temples of various sects. Today, recitation in the morning and evening has become a fixed daily activity in the jungle of China, also known as two-hour homework, which is two of the five basic courses for monks.