Analysis of Six Financing Schemes for College Students' Entrepreneurship

Analysis of Six Financing Schemes for College Students' Entrepreneurship

For most entrepreneurs, capital is still a scarce resource, and the skills and related knowledge to acquire capital are one of the important contents that entrepreneurs need to learn. The following is the analysis of six venture financing schemes that I collected and sorted out. Come and have a look.

Analysis of six financing schemes for college students' entrepreneurship;

First, secured loans for SMEs: the "anshen decoction" of entrepreneurs

On the one hand, small and medium-sized enterprises have difficulty in financing, and a large number of enterprises are hungry; On the one hand, banks lack funds, but they are unwilling to lend to small and medium-sized enterprises. The main reason is that banks think it is difficult to prevent risks by lending to SMEs. However, with the strong support of national policies and relevant departments, and the surge in the number of secured loans, secured loans for small and medium-sized enterprises will surely become another effective financing road for small and medium-sized enterprises, which will "soothe the nerves and replenish the brain" for entrepreneurs.

Case: A high-tech company in Shanghai is a first-class professional enterprise in art lighting landscape construction in China, and has developed dozens of products. Supported by strong R&D capabilities, the company's business has developed rapidly. With the development of business, financial difficulties come. The industry characteristics of engineering enterprises are slow withdrawal of funds and serious occupation of circulating funds. However, due to the small scale of the company and the lack of credit records of cooperation with banks, it is difficult to obtain bank financing.

At the end of 2005, the company obtained a working capital loan of 800,000 yuan provided by China Insurance, so the company has achieved rapid development in the past two years. From June to July, 2007, the company won the bid for the lighting project contract of Beijing Olympic Stadium in 2008.

Second, government funds: "free imperial grain" for entrepreneurs.

In recent years, the government is fully aware of the important position of small and medium-sized enterprises in the national economy, especially the local governments in various provinces and cities. In order to enhance their competitiveness, they constantly adopt various ways to support high-tech industries or advantageous industries. To this end, governments at all levels have set up some government funds to support them. This is a good opportunity for many scientific and technological personnel who have skills and are interested in starting a business, especially those who have returned from studying abroad, to eat "free imperial grain".

Case: Dr. Shi, 200 1 studied and worked in Australia 14 years, returned to his hometown of Wuxi to start a business with 10 years of scientific research achievements. When the leaders of Wuxi learned that Shi's reputation and his research achievements in solar crystal silicon batteries were still blank in China, they immediately made a decision to support scientists as bosses. Led by the Municipal Economic Commission, Wuxi Municipal Government and several large local state-owned enterprises invested 8 million yuan to establish Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd. ... With the full support of government funds, Suntech has developed by leaps and bounds, with sales exceeding 100 million in just three years and becoming a star enterprise in the industry.

Third, innovation fund: a "nutritious meal" for entrepreneurs.

In recent years, China's small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises have developed rapidly and become a new important growth point of national economic development. The government also pays more and more attention to the development of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises. Similarly, the contradiction between the urgent requirements and financing difficulties faced by these enterprises in the initial stage of their business has also become an important problem that the government is committed to solving.

In view of this, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance jointly set up and launched a government-supported technological innovation fund for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises to help them solve their financing difficulties. Innovation fund is increasingly becoming a delicious "nutritious meal" for financing small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises.

Case: Lanzhou Dacheng Automation Engineering Co., Ltd., mainly engaged in product development for one year, with almost no income. Although great progress has been made in technological development, the shortage of funds is becoming more and more prominent. At that time, the technological innovation fund for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises was launched, and the enterprises were very excited after learning about it. They chose the internationally advanced project "R&D and transformation of all-electronic intelligent control series modules in railway stations" to apply for innovation funds. To this end, they further accelerated the speed of research and development, passed the technical review of the Ministry of Railways in 1999 and 12, and achieved phased results. It is precisely because the enterprise has a good technical foundation that it won the support of 1 10,000 yuan innovation fund in 2000, which not only played a timely role in helping, but also played a role in guiding funds. In the same year, it won 500,000 yuan from Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department's Major Achievements Transformation Fund and1.2000 yuan from the Ministry of Education's Basic Research Fund of "Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities". 200 1, according to the technical requirements of Qinghai-Tibet railway construction, this project is included in the key research plan of Gansu Province, and the scientific and technological support cost is 300,000 yuan.

Fourth, pawn financing: entrepreneurs' "instant noodles"

Although venture capital is a beautiful thing, it is only the "privilege" of a few elite entrepreneurs; Although the door of the bank is open, there is a certain threshold. "It is the fastest to apply for a loan in an emergency", and the main function of pawn is to save the emergency. Compared with the mainstream financing channel of bank loan, pawn financing only plays the role of filling the gap and adjusting the surplus and deficiency, but it is figuratively compared to "instant noodles" because it can win more funds for financiers in a short time, and it is gaining the favor of more and more entrepreneurs.

Case: Mr. Zhou is a communication equipment agent. Some time ago, he won the agency right of a brand-new mobile phone, but the problem is that he can only get the goods after paying the purchase price within three days, and the funds are invested in another commercial project. He doesn't want to lose this hard-won agency. Mr. Zhou's mind turned to his "BMW" car, so he immediately drove to the pawnshop. After knowing the situation, the salesman told him: you can apply for pawn to get the funds on the same day. Mr. Zhou was overjoyed and immediately went through the pawn formalities, paid the relevant documents, filled out the form, drove the car to the designated warehouse, signed a contract and received the pawn money. Within half a day, he got the urgently needed 500 thousand and redeemed it a month later. This pawn helped him earn nearly 654.38+ten thousand yuan.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) venture capital: entrepreneur's "vitamin C"

In English, the abbreviation of venture capital is VC, which is exactly the same as the abbreviation of vitamin C. From the functional point of view, both of them have similarities and can provide necessary "nutrition". Venture capital in a broad sense refers to all investments with high risks and high potential returns; In a narrow sense, venture capital refers to the investment in the production and operation of technology-intensive products based on high technology. According to the definition of American Venture Capital Association, venture capital is a kind of equity capital invested by professional financiers in emerging, rapidly developing enterprises with great competitive potential.

Case: Chongqing Jiangbei General Machinery Factory began to develop and produce new products of large Freon units from 1995, which have compatible functions and can replace other refrigerants. Because banks generally don't lend money to new products. Chongqing Venture Capital Company provided a loan of 6,543,800 yuan. Two years later, the sales of new products of Jiangbei General Machinery Factory reached 70 million yuan.

6. Angel Investment: Entrepreneur's "Baby Milk Powder"

Angel investment is a one-off upfront investment made by free investors or informal venture capital institutions for original projects or small start-ups in the state of conception. Although angel investment is a kind of venture capital, there are great differences between them: angel investment is an unorganized venture capital, and its source of funds is mostly private capital, not professional venture capitalists; Angel investment threshold is low. Sometimes even an entrepreneurial idea can get funds as long as it has development potential, and venture capital is generally not interested in these unborn or hungry "babies".

In the field of venture capital, the word "angel" refers to the first investors of entrepreneurs, who put money into the company before its products and business take shape. Angel investors are usually friends, relatives or business partners of entrepreneurs. Because they are convinced of the ability and creativity of entrepreneurs, they are willing to invest a lot of money in entrepreneurs before starting their business. A typical angel investment is often only a few hundred thousand dollars, which is a fraction of the money that venture capitalists may invest in the future.

For entrepreneurs who have just started, they can't eat the "rice" of bank loans and the "vitamins" of venture capital. In this case, they can only rely on the "baby milk powder" invested by angels to absorb nutrition and thrive.

Case: During his tenure in Yili, Niu Gensheng became friends with Xie because of customized packaging products. When Mengniu started its business, Xie, as a printer, generously injected cash into Mengniu during its initial stage, and gave most of its equity to Mengniu management, employees and other beneficiaries in the form of "Xie Trust" for free, and did not participate in any management and development arrangements of Mengniu. In the end, Xie also gained a lot. The investment of 3.8 million yuan has now become 65.438+0 billion yuan.

Financing scheme for college students' entrepreneurship:

In addition to lacking social experience and management ability, fledgling college students often go astray in venture financing, which eventually makes their efforts fail. The current financing misunderstanding is mainly manifested in the following three aspects:

Myth 1: eager to get the start-up capital or working capital of an enterprise, giving small money to large stocks and selling technology or ideas cheaply. Many core technology owners are deeply dissatisfied with the original investment agreement and propose to break it after the company has been in operation for a period of time. The consequence of this can only be notorious in the capital market;

Myth 2: Even if investors can't provide value-added services and guidance, they are still tied up;

Myth 3: irresponsible use of venture capital, burning other people's money to complete their dreams. Investors in each round of financing will affect the feasibility and value evaluation of subsequent financing. Therefore, for startups that are still in the early stage, it is necessary to introduce some investors who are truly powerful, can provide value-added services, and have the same ideas as entrepreneurs, even if they temporarily give up some immediate interests.

As the blood of a company, capital is essential, so the financing problem is particularly important for new ventures. College students must solve the financing problem if they want to get the due return by virtue of their own technology or creativity. In view of the above three misunderstandings, entrepreneurs need to do the following work in the financing process:

1. Before making a financing plan, you should accurately evaluate the value of your tangible assets and intangible assets, and never sell yourself short and underestimate your own value. After several rounds of financing, Ding Lei still owns more than 60% of the shares, which shows that Ding Lei has achieved its goal with a small amount of shares in each round of financing, which is an example for us to learn.

2. In the process of financing, we should make a good choice of financing scheme. Although the domestic financing channels are not perfect, there are many ways, mainly: (1) financing channels for joint ventures, cooperation and foreign-funded enterprises; (2) Loans from banks and financial institutions; (3) government loans; (4) Venture capital; (5) Issuing bonds. (6) Issuing stocks; (7) Transfer of management rights; (8)bot financing. Multi-channel comparison and selection can effectively reduce financing costs and improve efficiency. The development funds obtained through the above channels can be divided into two categories: capital and creditor's rights funds. Debt funds (such as bank loans, etc. ) will not dilute the equity of entrepreneurs, but it can effectively share the investment risks of entrepreneurs, and it is recommended to use it first.

3. If financing is carried out by means of equity transfer, investors must be selected. Only investments that are similar to their own business philosophy and whose business or ability can provide channels or guidance for investment projects can effectively support the growth of enterprises. At present, the key problem is that it is difficult for college students to find a financing object. Finding one is like finding a lifeline. There is no room for bargaining. Such financing will definitely bring a lot of trouble to the follow-up work. The main reason for this problem is information asymmetry, so entrepreneurs must strengthen the information collection and collation of the financing market and make the best choice on the premise of mastering a lot of information.

4. Entrepreneurship is not only the process of realizing ideals, but also the process of maintaining and increasing the value of investors' (shareholders') investment. Entrepreneurs and investors are two sides of the same thing. Only through the carrier of enterprise can we achieve a win-win goal. In the final analysis, the problem of "burning investors' money to fulfill their dreams" is the credit problem of entrepreneurs. People who hold this idea will not become successful entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs who can create value for shareholders can get more financing opportunities and growth opportunities. Therefore, entrepreneurs should not only strengthen their own technical ability, but also have the moral demeanor of entrepreneurs.

Money is not everything, and you can't do anything without it. Only by solving the financing problem can college entrepreneurs turn their skills and ideas into tools to make money and be invincible in the fierce market competition. Only by broadening financing channels and being responsible to investors can your enterprise grow sturdily.

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