What is the training of articulation for deaf children?

Deaf children can't pronounce as normal as normal children because of hearing impairment, and generally have problems with pronunciation. Therefore, the trainer should make a training plan and carry out pronunciation training according to the results of pronunciation examination. Most deaf children can't hear other people's voices and their own voices because of hearing impairment, so they don't speak for a long time, and generally don't speak with their voices. Even if they do, their voices are often very sharp and strange. Before listening language training, deaf children generally don't pay attention to the vibration of vocal cords when pronouncing, but if there is no vibration of vocal cords, they will not speak. Therefore, in the early stage of training, you should be able to pay attention to your own voice, make a steady and steady sound purposefully, and learn the pronunciation of vowels.

(A) improve the organ training.

1. Tongue practice

Tongue is an important part of vocal organs, and its movement is very sensitive. Each segment (the center of the tip and the edge of the root) helps to make a different sound. The tongue can stretch forward and retract back, and it can also rise and fall. Because of hearing impairment, the language development of deaf children is affected. In daily life, the tongue does not move much, the tongue muscles are not properly exercised, and the tongue muscles become stiff and inflexible. If the movements of the tongue can't keep up with the rhythm of language, some sounds will not be pronounced or can't be pronounced correctly. Therefore, it is necessary for deaf children to exercise their tongues. Tongue exercises are divided into four sections: Section 1: Stick your tongue to the upper gum, lick the upper palate, hook it back as deep as possible, but don't stretch the tongue strap, then lick the upper palate with the tip of your tongue and slowly put it on the back of the lower teeth. Section 2: Put your tongue on the back of your lower teeth and slowly stick it out of your mouth as long as possible. Then, push the right cheek in the same way, one to the left and one to the right, and repeat the fourth section for many times: put the tongue flat, gently bite the surface of the tongue with your teeth, while biting and stretching, and then slowly bite and shrink through the above four tongue exercises, so that the tongue can move up and down, left and right. When doing tongue exercises, you can use drums or music to direct children's training, and at the same time let deaf children clap their hands and shake their heads to further exercise their tongue movements and pronounce continuously. Zaza Zaza; Every family is like this; Zaza Zaza; La la la la; When pronouncing "Ga Ga Ga", the tongue should be hard, the mouth should be opened to a certain extent, each scale should be read loudly and forcefully, and the articulation should be clear, so that the tip of the tongue, the surface of the tongue, the root of the tongue and the edge of the tongue should move slowly and then quickly, and the tongue movements should be flexible and agile.

Do oral exercises

When you speak, your lips can be round, flat, stretched and open. These different movements produce different sounds, and whether the pronunciation is correct or not has a great relationship with the movements of the lips. When deaf children speak, their lips are either stiff or in the wrong position, so what they say is ambiguous. In view of this feature, it is necessary to strengthen oral practice, which is divided into three sections: the first section: open your mouth and practice the opening of the upper and lower palates until you can put two overlapping fingers, relax your upper and lower lips and move your oral muscles. The tongue should be flat and cannot be retracted or raised. The tongue should be naturally placed on the back of the lower incisors. Doing this exercise often can help deaf children overcome the problem of tight mouth and unable to open it. Section 2: Upper lip exercises spread the upper lip to the upper teeth so that all front teeth can see it, while the lower lip is left to fend for itself, keeping the muscles of the mouth and face calm. The purpose of this training is to help deaf children overcome the "dead lip" that prevents them from pronouncing clearly and loudly, and promote the flexibility of the upper lip. Protrude forward and then naturally return to its original state. The rounded development of lips is an important factor in the correct pronunciation of some words, such as "touching and screaming". Lip practice can help deaf children exercise their lip strength, make them flexible and pronounce lip sounds well. On the basis of lip exercises, further exercise lip movements to make them flexible and continuous: "Dad, Dad, Bobo"; Pay attention to the lip shape, pronounce "Ow, Goose, Ow, Woo, Woo, Woo", the lips should be strong, the pronunciation should be loud, the mouth shape should be correct, and the mouth should be flat, so as to get proper exercise. From slow to fast, your lips should be open. (2) The formation of vocal training sound is the basis of sound construction. How to make a steady sound purposefully? First of all, deaf children should be able to notice the existence of their own voice. At the beginning, children may just look at the trainer's mouth shape and mechanically imitate the change of mouth shape, but auditory feedback is not enough. It is also necessary to use a device toy that can convert sound into light or vibration, so that children can understand and notice the existence of their own voice through visual feedback. When the child makes a sound, the device or toy will glow or vibrate; When the child just imitates the mouth shape without making sound, the toy or device will not emit light or vibrate, so the child knows how to emit sound to make the toy or device emit light or vibrate. The training method is to integrate training into the game, so that children are interested in training and get good results as soon as possible. When a child makes a tense high note, he should correct it in time and let him know that it is good to make a natural sound. Methods The first child should strengthen after unconsciously emitting natural sounds, and then carry out continuous vocal training. This is a basis for learning vowels. If deaf children are young, don't blindly carry out monotonous vocal training. You can choose some onomatopoeia words for him to practice, which can not only arouse the child's interest, but also lay the foundation for his next training. Example: the sound of shooting: ba-ba-ba; Horseshoe sound: da da da; Drum: drumming; Train sound: woo-woo-woo; Car sound: Didi syllable is the unit of pronunciation, and a Chinese character is a single phoneme, which is the smallest unit of speech analysis. A syllable may have only one phoneme, such as "ah", or it may contain two phonemes, such as "b" and "a". Phonemes can be divided into vowels and auxiliary phonemes according to pronunciation and phonetic characteristics.

(3) What are the training vowels? /p & gt；

When six vowels are pronounced, the airflow passes through the mouth without hindrance. Vocal cord vibration distinguishes vowels mainly by the position of the tongue and the shape of the lips. When teaching vowels, we should combine Chinese Pinyin. For example, the trainer takes out the pinyin card and makes a correct and loud sound, so that the child can see the position of the tongue and the shape of the lips clearly, and then imitate the pronunciation. In order to achieve accurate pronunciation, tongue depressors, chopsticks and spoons can be used to help children correct the position of their tongues. Ask your child to continue to pronounce vowels loudly. You can practice the pronunciation of vowels and let your child fix the pronunciation method of vowels. When pronouncing vowels, children can also see some pictures related to vowels to increase their interest and training interest. (4) The difficulty in training consonant deaf children's pronunciation lies in consonants. Need to master the pronunciation parts and methods. In the process of learning consonants, we should make full use of the visual and tactile AIDS of deaf children. Let deaf children learn to imitate pronunciation until they can pronounce correct consonants. According to the objective development law of children's pronunciation, the training order should be arranged and the requirements should be put forward. When children are young, some sounds can't be pronounced. Don't force children to develop consonants. Look at the table below to judge your pronunciation ability according to your age. In the process of learning consonants, the training sequence should be arranged according to the position and situation of airflow blocked in the mouth and the vibration of vocal cords. Voiced and voiced sounds, let children make full use of hand-eye and other auxiliary means (let children see the exact position of lips and teeth in the mouth when pronouncing, and feel the vibration of vocal cords and the strength of airflow with their hands), distinguish the tongue position and mouth shape of each sound, and realize that imitating the pronunciation of aspirated and non-aspirated fricative sounds is the focus of consonant learning. You can use visual feedback, such as putting a note in front of your mouth when making an aspirated sound. When the aspirated sound can be emitted, the notes will be blown up, so that children can judge whether the sound is correct, and if it is not correct, correct it themselves. In addition, in training, sometimes a single sound can be used to pronounce words containing this sound, such as "L" but the word "pull" can be said. At this time, words can be used to guide children to pronounce good sounds, combined with language training, which not only improves children's interest.

The development process of children's consonants

(V) Pinyin Training When children can pronounce vowels and consonants correctly, they should be trained in Pinyin. The purpose of pinyin training is to let children master Chinese pinyin, learn to speak Mandarin, and lay a foundation for future word learning. The method of pinyin training should be chosen according to the different situations of children. There are two methods: 1. Phonetic spelling.

Teach children to learn the pronunciation of initials. You can also read the initials lighter and shorter, and the finals heavier and longer. When assembling, the speed should be fast, and there should be no gap in the middle, so that "the first sound is light and short, the second sound is heavy, and the two sounds are connected."

2. Scaffolding method

The key point of pinyin is that the initial consonants are not pronounced when pinyin is used, just prepare pronunciation. When preparing for pronunciation, a vowel will rush out immediately and spell a syllable in one breath, that is, "the initial is well supported, and the vowel is closely followed, and it will not be bad to spell it in one breath." Pinyin teaching is boring, and it is not easy for children to take the initiative to learn at first. Children should be guided to learn by vivid and concrete methods such as picture toy demonstration. Make them master the knowledge of pinyin correctly (6) Four-tone training. While practicing vowel consonants, we should also add four-tone training, that is to say, we should not only teach deaf children to speak, but also teach them to speak with their voices and tones.

In the training of four tones, there is a process from easy to difficult Teach one tone and four tones first, then two tones, three tones and four tones. Training should be combined with pinyin step by step. First, single rhyme is taught to be monotonous, and then pinyin is taught to express four tones with gestures according to the characteristics of tone symbols. In this way, children are in high spirits and have a strong interest in training. Phonetic training is a long-term work, and deaf children should keep on training.