What's the difference between fire fighting and fire prevention?

Fire protection includes fire prevention, which is one of the fire protection.

"Fire fighting" means eliminating and preventing disasters (that is, preventing and solving man-made and natural disasters and unexpected disasters encountered by people in the process of life, work and study). Of course, in the early days of people's understanding, the narrow sense means: (put out) fire. Fire fighting; Fire fighting; Fire fighting and prevention. It also refers to firefighters and fire prevention personnel. Guo's "Zhejiang Recovery": "When the guards and patrolmen saw the fierce situation, they all wore white cloth to show their sincerity." We must do a good job in fire control. For example: fire engines, fire fighting technology. China has a fire fighting history of more than 2,000 years. The word "fire fighting" was introduced from Japan in the 20th century and is a foreign word. But the root of "fire fighting" is in China. Japanese characters evolved from China's Chinese characters and were introduced to Japan as early as the fifth year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (284). The word "fire fighting" not only has the same shape as Chinese characters, but also has no difference in meaning. Fire fighting in the modern sense can be deeply understood as eliminating danger and preventing disaster.

China Fire Brigade China Fire Brigade is a fire fighting force system with active public security fire brigade as the main body, local government full-time fire brigade and enterprise full-time fire brigade as the supplement, and other forms of fire fighting forces coexist.

1, public security fire brigade. The public security fire brigade is a part of the public security organs, with a total post of nearly 1, 246,57. Active service, included in the Chinese People's Armed Police Force sequence, enjoy the same treatment as the China People's Liberation Army. It is the main force of fire prevention and rescue in China.

Note: In some economically developed areas, local governments have established non-active public security fire fighting teams by increasing the establishment of administrative public security, and their personnel enjoy the treatment of the people's police. At present, there are over 950 people in China.

2, the local government full-time fire brigade. According to the form of "government investment, various systems, open recruitment and public security management", full-time firefighters are recruited by contract, and local government full-time fire brigades are formed, with about 654.38+0.0000 people.

3, enterprises and institutions full-time fire brigade. Airports, ports, oil fields, power plants and other large enterprises and institutions with high fire risk have full-time fire brigades. There are 76,000 people in * * * nationwide, who are mainly responsible for the internal fire fighting tasks of the unit.

Fire related laws and regulations

China has promulgated and implemented more than 20 fire laws and regulations, more than 200 national fire codes, national and industrial technical standards, and more than 60 local fire laws and regulations, and initially formed a system of fire laws and regulations and local fire laws and regulations with the Fire Protection Law as the basic law and supporting technical codes and standards.

1, fire method. 1On April 29th, 998, the second meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth NPC deliberated and passed the Fire Prevention Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), which came into effect on September 29th of the same year. The fire protection law is divided into general provisions, fire prevention, fire prevention organization, fire fighting and rescue, legal responsibility and supplementary provisions. In order to meet the needs of rapid economic and social development, the fire protection law is being revised.

The current Fire Prevention Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) was revised and adopted by the Fifth Session of the 11th NPC Standing Committee in People's Republic of China (PRC) on 281October, 2008, and was promulgated and implemented on 28/May, 2009.

2. Local fire regulations. In addition to national legislation, most people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government have promulgated local fire protection laws and regulations in accordance with the principles of the Fire Protection Law and combined with local actual conditions.

3. departmental regulations. The Ministry of Public Security has successively promulgated Regulations on the Supervision and Inspection of Fire Prevention in Construction Projects, Regulations on the Investigation of Fire Accidents, Regulations on the Supervision and Inspection of Fire Prevention, and Regulations on the Management of Fire Safety in Organs, Organizations, Enterprises and Institutions.

4, fire technical standards. The National Fire Standardization Technical Committee accepts the organization and leadership of China National Standardization Administration Committee (SNAC), and has nine subcommittees responsible for revising and reviewing various drafts of fire technical standards. After being examined and approved by the Technical Committee of Fire Standardization, the technical standards for fire protection shall be reported to the National Bureau of Standardization or the Technical Supervision Committee of the Ministry of Public Security for approval, and promulgated and implemented as national standards (GB) or industry standards (GA). More than 250 national and industrial standards have been promulgated and implemented.

Note: The nine sub-committees are: ① Terminology, symbols, signs and classification; ② Fixed fire extinguishing system; ③ Fire extinguishing agent; (4) Fire engines and fire pumps; ⑤ Fire fighting equipment and accessories; ⑥ Fire alarm system and electrical fire prevention and fire fighting communication; ⑦ fireproof materials; (8) Fire resistance of building components; Pet-name ruby fire management.

The technical standards for fire protection in engineering construction are mainly formulated by the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, and after being approved by the Ministry of Construction, they are jointly promulgated by the AQSIQ and the Ministry of Construction as national standards (GB). Among them, the important ones are Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings, Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (GB 50045-95) and Code for Fire Protection Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings. In addition, there are many special design specifications, such as Code for Fire Protection Design of Petrochemical Enterprises and Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings jointly formulated by the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security and relevant parties.

Fire control work content 1, fire prevention supervision and management

Supervise and manage various construction projects. According to the provisions of the Fire Protection Law, new construction, reconstruction, expansion, interior decoration and change of use of construction projects must be designed in accordance with the national technical standards for fire protection of construction projects. The construction unit shall submit the relevant fire protection design drawings and related materials to the local public security fire control institutions for review before construction; After completion, it can be put into use only after it has passed the acceptance of public security fire control institutions.

Implement daily fire supervision and inspection. Public security fire control institutions shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Fire Control Law, supervise and inspect the compliance of organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions with fire control laws and regulations according to law. Conduct supervision and spot checks on key units of fire safety. In addition, before holding large-scale mass activities with fire danger and before using or opening public gathering places, fire safety inspection should also be carried out. The supervision and inspection of fire protection design review and acceptance of construction projects shall not charge any fees. When conducting supervision and inspection, staff members shall show their certificates. The fire hazards found in the inspection shall be ordered to correct immediately or within a time limit according to law. Those who refuse to make corrections shall be punished according to law.

Supervise and manage the quality of various fire protection products. Fire protection products are related to personal and property safety. According to relevant laws and regulations and referring to international practices, the market access system has been established for various fire protection products. Domestic and foreign fire-fighting products should abide by the market access system when entering the China market. China implements the compulsory product certification (3C) system for four categories 12 products, such as fire engines, fire alarm equipment, fire hoses and automatic sprinkler equipment. Implement a type approval system for 53 products in 9 categories, such as fire doors and fire extinguishers; Other fire protection products shall be subject to compulsory inspection system. The fire product conformity assessment center of the Ministry of Public Security undertakes the assessment of compulsory product certification, type approval and access system, and the four national fire product quality supervision and inspection centers undertake the compulsory inspection. Namely: National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems and Refractory Parts; National Fire Equipment Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center; National Fire Electronic Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center; National Fire Prevention Building Materials Quality Supervision and Inspection Center.

Relevant personnel should hold relevant certificates. Operators with fire hazards such as electric welding and gas welding and operators of automatic fire fighting system must be trained and qualified before taking up their posts with certificates.

2, fire fighting and emergency rescue

According to the provisions of the Fire Protection Law, public security fire control units should not only ensure the completion of fire fighting, but also participate in the rescue work of other disasters and accidents. In May, 2006, the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening Fire Control Work, demanding "giving full play to the role of the public security fire brigade as a professional emergency rescue force" and further clarifying that "under the unified leadership of local people's governments at all levels, the public security fire brigade should not only complete the fire fighting task, but also actively participate in the rescue work of accidents such as dangerous chemical leakage, road traffic accidents, earthquakes and building collapse. Major production safety accidents, air crashes, explosions and terrorist incidents, and people in distress are involved in coordinating and handling natural disasters such as floods and droughts, meteorological and geological disasters, forest and grassland fires, mine accidents and water accidents, major environmental pollution, nuclear and radiation accidents, and public health emergencies. "

3, fire accident investigation and fire statistics

Fire accident investigation. The Fire Protection Law clearly stipulates the investigation of fire accidents, and the Ministry of Public Security has also promulgated the Regulations on Fire Accident Investigation, which clearly stipulates the responsibilities, tasks, working procedures and methods of fire accident investigation. In order to provide technical support for objectively, fairly and scientifically identifying the cause of fire, Tianjin Fire Material Evidence Appraisal Center and Shenyang Fire Material Evidence Appraisal Center of the Ministry of Public Security were established. The Ministry of Public Security has set up a national fire accident investigation expert group, which is composed of multidisciplinary experts. Its main task is to be assigned by the Ministry of Public Security or approved by the Ministry of Public Security, to assist and guide the investigation of fire accidents in various localities and relevant departments, and to put forward appraisal opinions on the cause of the fire; Participate in the study and formulation of fire accident investigation and development plans, technical specifications and standards; Collect and study fire accident investigation information at home and abroad; Accept technical consultation and training on fire accident investigation.

Fire statistics. According to the fire classification standards, fires in China are divided into major fires, major fires and general fires. A fire that meets one of the following criteria is a major fire: death 10 or more people (including this number, the same below); Seriously injured more than 20 people; More than 20 people were killed or seriously injured; More than 50 families were affected; The direct property loss was 6,543,800 yuan+0,000 yuan. A fire with one of the following circumstances is a major fire; More than 3 people died; Seriously injured 10 or more; More than 65,438 people were killed or seriously injured; More than 30 households were affected; The direct property loss is more than 300,000 yuan. A fire that does not have the first two situations is a general fire.

Planning and Layout of Fire Brigade (Station) of Fire Protection Facilities

Fire stations are divided into ordinary fire stations and secret service fire stations. Ordinary fire stations are divided into first-class ordinary fire stations and second-class ordinary fire stations. The city must set up a first-class ordinary fire station; The economically developed cities at or above the prefecture level (including) and county-level cities shall set up special fire stations; If it is really difficult to set up a first-class ordinary fire station in the urban built-up area, a second-class ordinary fire station can be set up after demonstration; Cities with mission requirements can set up professional fire stations such as water fire stations and aviation fire stations. The layout of fire stations in urban planning area should generally be determined according to the principle that the fire brigade can reach the edge of the responsibility area within 5 minutes after receiving the dispatching instruction. The jurisdiction area of the fire station is determined according to the following principles: the general fire station does not exceed 7 square kilometers, and the general fire station located in the suburbs is still determined according to the principle that the fire brigade can reach the edge of the responsibility area within 5 minutes after receiving the dispatching instruction, and its jurisdiction area does not exceed 15 square kilometers. According to the urban fire risk, the jurisdiction area of the fire station can also be determined by the evaluation method. By the end of 2005, there were 3032 public security fire brigades (stations) in China, including 2445 first-class ordinary fire stations, 246 second-class ordinary fire stations, 263 special fire stations and 78 other types of fire stations.

Structure of fire fighting equipment

Fire fighting equipment is divided into three parts: vehicle equipment, equipment and personal protective equipment. According to the construction standard of urban fire brigade (station), the first-class fire station should be equipped with 4-5 fire engines, the second-class fire station should be equipped with 2-3 fire engines, and the special station should be equipped with 7- 10 fire engines; Equipped with equipment and personal protective equipment according to the level and staffing of the fire brigade (station). Fire engines14,766 vehicles, most of which are conventional fire engines, accounting for about 65% of the total; There are 2,200 emergency rescue fire engines, accounting for about 15% of the total. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the total number of fire engines will reach about 23,266, with an average annual increase of 65,438 +0.7 million.

Fire fighting communication

Cities above the prefecture level have "1 19" fire command centers of different sizes and forms (the fire alarm telephone number is 1 19). Many large and medium-sized cities have established fire communication command systems with complete functions and advanced technology, which mainly include fire alarm and reception, fire alarm identification, dispatching plan preparation, dispatching command, power dispatching, on-site communication guarantee and fire information management.

Indoor fire protection system

Indoor fire protection system refers to the facility system installed indoors to put out the initial fire of buildings. It mainly includes indoor fire hydrant system, automatic sprinkler system, water mist fire extinguishing system, foam fire extinguishing system, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system, halon fire extinguishing system, dry powder fire extinguishing system, heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system and aerosol fire extinguishing system. According to fire statistics, it is proved that installing indoor fire fighting system is an effective and necessary safety measure.

Fire extinguishing pipe

Plastic-coated fire hose is based on steel pipe, and its outer wall is coated with thermosetting powder coating with high adhesion, impact resistance, corrosion resistance and weather resistance, and its inner wall is coated with thermosetting powder coating with high adhesion, corrosion resistance and food-grade hygiene. Plastic-coated fire-fighting pipe is made of double pretreatment, preheating, internal coating, external coating, curing and post-treatment, which is an upgraded version of traditional steel-plastic pipe and galvanized pipe. The products have passed the fire professional certification of the National Chemical Building Materials Testing Center.

Fire control work policy Fire control work is the general name of fire prevention and fire fighting work. The policy of "putting prevention first, combining prevention with fire fighting" is implemented in fire fighting in China, which is a summary of people's fire fighting practice for many years, and has been included in the Fire Prevention Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) adopted by NPC Standing Committee.

The policy of fire control work can be summarized as follows:

(1)(2)(2)(3) The policy of "putting prevention first and combining prevention with elimination".

Correctly handle the relationship between "prevention" and "elimination".

We must comprehensively, conscientiously and correctly implement the policy of "putting prevention first and combining prevention with elimination".

The basic task of fire fighting (1) is to control and eliminate all unsafe conditions and factors of fire and explosion;

(2) Conditions and factors for limiting and eliminating the spread and expansion of fire and explosion;

(3) Ensure that there are enough safety exits and passages for people to escape and materials to evacuate;

(4) Thoroughly find out the cause of fire and explosion, so as to achieve "three-no pass". That is, the reason is unknown. The responsibility of the accident and the people's lack of education cannot be spared, and preventive measures are not implemented.